东黄海海雾的初步分析

海雾是出现在海上的灾害性天气现象。发生在我国海面上的雾多数是平流雾,它是在海洋大气边界层中,海洋与大气相互作用的结果之一。对中国海海雾的研究,国内不少单位进行了大量的统计和分析,得到了一些有益的结果。由于缺乏海上观测资料,迄今除狩生义明在东海海区作出了初步的雾日统计以外,其它海区的分析工作大多是用沿岸台站和岛屿上的资料。为弥补这些缺陷,本文拟根     

黄、东海热量平衡对海水温度变化贡献的估算

用多年平均水温和海面热量收支资料,计算了黄、东海热量平衡,估算了海面热量收支、海洋平流热输送、水体内部涡动热扩散等对水体温度变化的影响,讨论了冷暖水体分布和海洋平流热输送分布的概况.结果指出:秋冬季节,水温迅速下降的原因主要是海面蒸发耗热和南向的冷平流热输送;春夏季节,水温迅速上升的原因主要是进入海面的太阳总辐射的增加和北向的暖平流热输送.结果还指出,黄、东海区,冷水主要位于朝鲜西岸邻近海域和东海东部,前者冬季强,后者春季强,二者均从秋季开始出现,夏季消失;黑潮及其分支的暖平流热输送,春季最大,冬季次之,秋季最小;南向的冷平流热输送,秋季最大,冬季次之,春季最小.     

船上海气之间湍流通量的观测研究

用６个加速度计组阵系统来监测船体姿态和运动，校正船上观测到的风湍流资料，然后用涡动相关技术计算海气之间动量，热量和水汽通量，结果表明，本观测系统可精确地消除船体运动对风湍流的影响，并获得精确的海气湍流通量。     

Effect of low-frequency Rossby wave on thermal structure of the upper southwestern tropical Indian Ocean

We investigate the influence of low-frequency Rossby waves on the thermal structure of the upper southwestern tropical Indian Ocean (SWTIO) using Argo profiles, satellite altimetric data, sea surface temperature, wind field data and the theory of linear vertical normal mode decomposition. Our results show that the SWTIO is generally dominated by the first baroclinic mode motion. As strong downwelling Rossby waves reach the SWTIO, the contribution of the second baroclinic mode motion in this region can be increased mainly because of the reduction in the vertical stratification of the upper layer above thermocline, and the enhancement in the vertical stratification of the lower layer under thermocline also contributes to it. The vertical displacement of each isothermal is enlarged and the thermal structure of the upper level is modulated, which is indicative of strong vertical mixing. However, the cold Rossby waves increase the vertical stratification of the upper level, restricting the variability related to the second baroclinic mode. On the other hand, during decaying phase of warm Rossby waves, Ekman upwelling and advection processes associated with the surface cyclonic wind circulation can restrain the downwelling processes, carrying the relatively colder water to the near-surface, which results in an out-of-phase phenomenon between sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) in the SWTIO.     

Seasonal variability of zonal heat advection in the mixed layer of the tropical Pacific

Zonal heat advection （ZHA） plays an important role in the variability of the thermal structure in the tropical Pacific Ocean, especially in the western Pacific warm pool （WPWP）. Using the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation （SODA） Version 2.02/4 for the period 1958-2007, this paper presents a detailed analysis of the climatological and seasonal ZHA in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Climatologically, ZHA shows a zonal- band spatial pattern associated with equatorial currents and contributes to forming the irregular eastern boundary of the WPWP （EBWP）. Seasonal variation of ZHA with a positive peak from February to July is most prominent in the Nifio3.4 region, where the EBWP is located. The physical mechanism of the seasonal cycle in this region is examined. The mean advection of anomalous temperature, anomalous advection of mean temperature and eddy advection account for 31%, 51%, and 18% of the total seasonal variations, respectively. This suggests that seasonal changes of the South Equatorial Current induced by variability of the trade winds are the dominant contributor to the anomalous advection of mean temperature and hence, the seasonality of ZHA. Heat budget analysis shows that ZHA and surface heat flux make comparable contributions to the seasonal heat variation in the Nifio3.4 region, and that ZHA cools the upper ocean throughout the calendar year except in late boreal spring. The connection between ZHA and EBWP is further explored and a statistical relationship between EBWP, ZHA and surface heat flux is established based on least squares fitting.     

赤道太平洋次表层海温异常年际和年代际变率特征与ENSO循环

用美国马里兰大学提供的海洋同化(SODA)月平均资料,分析了赤道太平洋次表层海温异常年际和年代际变率的演化特征,讨论了它们对ENSO循环的影响.结果指出,赤道太平洋次表层海温异常年际和年代际变率具相似的ENSO模分布和演变过程,二者均以赤道西太平洋暖池次表层海温显著的异常中心与赤道东太平洋表层海温异常中心显著反号为主要分布特征,其演变过程通过赤道西太平洋暖池次表层海温异常中心沿海洋气候温跃层向东向上传播来完成.赤道西太平洋暖池次表层海温异常年际变率决定了ENSO循环,年代际变率对ENSO循环也有重要影响,其影响主要在中太平洋, 造成ENSO模的年代际变化.当年代际变率处于正常状态时,ENSO循环基本上是东部型冷暖事件之间的转换;当年际和年代际变率位相相同时,ENSO事件强度将会加强和持续,并出现中部型ENSO事件;当二者位相相反时, ENSO事件强度将会减弱.     

热带印度洋Dipole事件的两种模态

研究了印度洋Dipole事件期间热带太平洋．印度洋海洋次表层海温异常和海面风应力异常分布主要型,揭示了Dipole事件的两种模态,探讨了其形成机制,得到如下结果：（1）印度洋Dipole事件在热带印度洋次表层海温异常表现为“〈”型的东西向偶极子分布,“〈”以东的热带东印度洋为沿赤道呈舌状西伸的显著海温异常中心,“〈”以西的热带中西印度洋为反号的、以赤道为准对称的南强北弱显著海温异常中心．（2）印度洋Dipole事件由两种模态构成,二者具相同空间分布但具不同的时间变率,它们是两个独立的大尺度海气相互作用的结果．Dipole事件第一模态源于热带太平洋一印度洋尺度海气相互作用,它与ENSO事件共存．Dipole事件第二模态起因于热带印度洋尺度海气相互作用,它与Mascarene高压位置和强度变化紧密联系．当二者位相一致时,产生强Dipole事件,二者位相相反时,Dipole事件很弱或消失,一者较强时,Dipole事件一般也较强．（3）印度洋Dipole事件是热带印度洋海面异常风应力强迫的结果,海面异常风应力作用下产生的垂直输送导致海水堆积和涌升是造成次表层海温异常的主要动力过程．当赤道印度洋为异常东风时,热带东印度洋冷海水上升,热带西印度洋暖海水堆积,热带印度洋温跃层东浅西深;由于Coriolis力的作用,赤道海域离赤道流造成冷海水上升,赤道印度洋温跃层变浅;赤道两侧热带印度洋异常反气旋环流及旋度场,造成该异常旋度中心区域暖海水堆积,赤道外热带印度洋温跃层加深．三者共同作用产生正位相Dipole事件．热带印度洋为异常西风时,动力过程相反,产生负位相Dipole事件．     

南海中尺度涡的时空变化规律Ⅰ.统计特征分析

利用TOPEX/Poseidon混合ERS1/2高度计资料对1993～2002年间南海中尺度涡进行辨认和动态追踪,并对其时空变化规律进行统计分析,结果表明:南海平均每年出现18个涡旋,出现数量的年际变化与El Niño/La Niña有一定关系.多数涡旋的生命周期在180 d以内,近半数为30～60 d;半径大致在100 km到250 km间,其经向变化与斜压罗斯贝变形半径的经向变化趋势一致;80%的涡旋向西移动,纬向移速大致为在-8 cm/s到3 cm/s间,随纬度变化呈“∑”型分布.涡旋发生的区域主要位于越南南部以东至台湾西南一线海域,呈东北-西南向分布,其中,吕宋海峡以西海域和越南南部以东海域涡旋的出现概率相对较大,约为23%和25%,是涡旋的高发区.涡旋的存在对水深大于200 m海域的海面高度变化的平均贡献约为36%,在涡旋高发区的贡献高达80%.从涡旋出现地点、传播路径和速度、出现概率及对海面高度变化的贡献综合来看,涡旋大体可以沿17°N分成南北两个相对独立系统,一般不会有涡旋跨系统传播.     

南海暖池的季节和年际变化及其与南海季风爆发的关系

用ＬＥＶＩＴＵＳ和ＮＣＥＰ／ＮＣＡＲ ＯＩＳＳＴ资料，分析了南海暖池的季节和变化特征及其与西太平洋暖池和印度洋暖池的关系，讨论了南海暖池强度指数的年际变化与南海季风爆发时间的联系，结果指出，南海暖池有明显的季节变化牲，１２～２月隆冬季节最弱，３～４月迅速发展北上，６～９月达其盛期，整个南海均为高于２８℃的暖水，１０～１１月迅速减弱南退：在南海暖池盛期，整个南海均为高于２８℃的暖水最大厚度达５５ｍ，     

Current observations in the southern Yellow Sea in summer

Current data from three moored Acoustic Doppler Profilers (ADPs) deployed in the southern Yellow Sea at sites A (1-24.17°E, 34.82°N), B (122.82°E, 35.65°N) in summer 2001 and site C (120.85°E, 34.99°N) in summer 2003 were analyzed in this paper. Features of the tidal and residual currents were studied with rotary spectral and cross-spectral methods. Main achievements were as follows: 1) Tides dominated the currents. At sites A and B, the semidiurnal tidal current was basically homogeneous in the whole depth, taking a clockwise rotation at site A, and near-rectilinear counterclockwise rotation at site B; while the diurnal tidal current was strong and clockwise near the surface, but decreased and turned counterclockwise with depth; at site C, semidiurnal tidal current dominated and diurnal current took the second, both of which were counterclockwise and vertically homogeneous. Inertial motion contributed to the clockwise component of diurnal fluctuations; 2) The 3-5d fluctuation of residual current w