静水压力和单轴压力对后钙钛矿MgSiO3中地震波速的影响

后钙钛矿MgSiO3对于重新认识地球的基本结构和成分具有重大意义.采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算对后钙钛矿MgSiO3在静水压力和单轴压力下的弹性性质和地震波速特征进行了研究.首先通过总能比较和力学稳定性判据验证了后钙钛矿MgSiO3在高压下的稳定性,并且计算得到的晶格常数与前人结果符合很好.计算表明在高压下(D层),后钙钛矿具有比钙钛矿大的体变模量、剪切模量及密度,并且具有大的地震波速,这与地震观测D层中地震波速的不连续性一致.在静水压力作用下,计算结果显示压缩波各向异性基本保持不变,而剪切波各向异性增强.有单轴应力作用时,后钙钛矿地震波各向异性差异非常明显,当压力作用在a轴或c轴上时,能够得到比对应静水压力下后钙钛矿更强的各向异性,而恰好相反的是,压缩b轴时,各向异性有减小的趋势.本研究能为解释地幔底部地震波不连续性和横向差异提供一定的参考.     

珠江口盆地HA地区古近系文昌组沉积特征

综合岩心、钻井、测井及地震资料,对珠江口盆地HA古近系文昌组的沉积特征及沉积演化进行了研究。结果表 明：HA古近系文昌组可以识别出5个层序界面,划分为4个三级层序,自下而上分别为SQ1、SQ2、SQ3和SQ4。其中SQ1 主要分布在南部,SQ2和SQ3全区分布,SQ4由于南部构造抬升遭受剥蚀,主要分布在北部H4地区。HA文昌组主要发育辫 状河三角洲相、扇三角洲相、近岸水下扇相及滩坝相。文四段时期,惠州凹陷开始裂陷,物源供给较少,靠近XJ30断裂和 HZ26断裂主要发育扇三角洲沉积,HA转换带主要发育辫状河三角洲;文三段发育时期,盆地快速断陷,水体加深。HA转 换带以大规模的辫状河三角洲沉积为特征,靠近XJ30断裂和HZ26断裂发育扇三角洲沉积,规模相对较小,受波浪不断淘 洗,惠州H4地区发育滩坝沉积;文二段发育时期,南部断裂活动进一步加强,处于强烈活动状态,湖平面继续上升,HA 转换带辫状河三角洲规模变小,陡坡近岸水下扇、扇三角洲连片发育,规模变大;文昌组文一段时期断裂活动减弱,湖水 变浅,物源供应充足,靠近HZ26断裂发育大套扇三角洲,靠近XJ30断裂发育大型浅水三角洲,但后期构造抬升遭受剥 蚀,残留的地层厚度较薄。     

中国东北耕地物候期对气候变化的响应(英文)

We investigated the responses of cropland phenophases to changes of agricultural thermal conditions in Northeast China using the SPOT-VGT Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ten-day-composed time-series data, observed crop phenophases and the climate data collected from 1990 to 2010. First, the phenological parameters, such as the dates of onset-of-growth, peak-of-growth and end-of-growth as well as the length of the growing season, were extracted from the smoothed NVDI time-series dataset and showed an obvious correlation with the observed crop phenophases, including the stages of seedling, heading, maturity and the length of the growth period. Secondly, the spatio-temporal trends of the major thermal conditions (the first date of ≥10℃, the first frost date, the length of the temperature-allowing growth period and the accumulated temperature (AT) of ≥10℃) in Northeast China were illustrated and analyzed over the past 20 years. Thirdly, we focused on the responses of cropland phenophases to the thermal conditions changes. The results showed that the onset-of-growth date had an obvious positive correlation with the first date of ≥10℃ (P < 0.01), especially in the northern part of the Songnen Plain, the eastern part of the Sanjiang Plain and the middle and eastern parts of Jilin Province. For the extracted length of growing season and the observed growth period, notable correlations were found in almost same regions (P < 0.05). However, there was no obvious correlation between the end-of-growth date and the first frost date in the study area. Opposite correlations were observed between the length of the growing season and the AT of ≥10℃. In the northern part of the Songnen Plain, the eastern part of the Sanjiang Plain and the middle part of Jilin and Liaoning Provinces, the positive correlation coefficients were higher than the critical value of 0.05, whereas the negative correlation coefficients reached a level of 0.55 (P < 0.05) in the middle and southern parts of Heilongjiang Province and some parts of the Sanjiang Plain. This finding indicated that the crop growth periods were shortened because of the elevated temperature; in contrast, the extended growth period usually meant a crop transformation from early- or middle-maturing varieties into middle or late ones.     

贵州省矿产资源及其勘查开发现状、存在问题与建议

贵州矿产具有资源富集、区位条件重要、开发潜力大等特点,本文通过分析贵州省现有矿产资源禀赋特征、矿产资源勘查、开发利用现状及存在的问题,提出矿产资源勘查、开发的相关对策建议。     

实用劈窗算法的改进及大气水汽含量对精度影响评价

对劈窗算法进行了改进,提高了算法的精度和实用性.对影响大气透过率的大气水汽含量进行了敏感性分析.模拟数据结果表明,劈窗算法对大气水汽含量不敏感,当大气水汽含量误差在-80%～80%变化时,反演的平均精度仍能在1 ℃以下.对实际MODIS影像进行反演的结果与大气模拟数据分析的结论基本一致,这说明适当地利用大气水汽含量的先验知识可以提高劈窗算法反演地表温度的精度.     

黑龙江三江自然保护区天然湿地土壤重金属含量及污染评价

通过调查采样,测定黑龙江三江自然保护区核心区的臌囊苔草沼泽、小叶章沼泽和实验区的芦苇沼泽土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn和Cr含量;利用Hankanson潜在生态危害指数法,对不同类型天然湿地土壤中重金属的生态危害进行评价。结果表明:3种类型天然湿地土壤中重金属含量随土壤深度呈波动变化,其中Cu、Pb、Zn和Cr含量的大体趋势是底层高于表层,Mn含量的大体趋势是表层高于底层。臌囊苔草沼泽土壤中Cu和Zn含量显著(P0.05)高于小叶章沼泽和芦苇沼泽;芦苇沼泽土壤中Pb和Cr含量显著高于臌囊苔草沼泽和小叶章沼泽(P0.05);3种类型天然湿地土壤中Mn含量差异不显著(P0.05)。核心区天然湿地土壤中重金属综合潜在生态风险危害等级为中度,实验区天然湿地土壤中重金属综合潜在生态风险危害等级为强烈,说明三江自然保护区天然湿地土壤存在重金属污染,污染的主要重金属元素为Pb。     

黑龙江三江自然保护区天然湿地植物物种多样性研究

以黑龙江三江国家级自然保护区5种典型的沼泽湿地为研究对象,研究不同沼泽湿地的植物多样性差异。结果表明:黑龙江三江自然保护区5种沼泽湿地共调查到湿地植物17种,不同沼泽湿地的植物组成有较大差异,物种最多的臌囊苔草沼泽为8种,最少的为漂筏苔草仅2种,优势种一般为1～2种。由于调查样方数较少,得到的沼泽湿地物种数目低于本区其他调查的结果。不同沼泽湿地的物种丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Winner多样性指数都有显著差异(P 0.05),总体趋势表现为常年积水的芦苇沼泽和漂筏苔草沼泽低于季节性积水的臌囊苔草沼泽、小叶章沼泽和柳叶绣线菊沼泽。不同沼泽湿地的Pielou均匀度指数没有显著差异(P 0.05),说明调查的5种沼泽湿地植物分布比较均匀,很少有样方内植物呈斑块状分布的情况。