土地利用从粗放走向节约集约

一、土地利用现状 下城地处杭州市中心。行政区域总面积3146平方公里,其中建设用地总面积为27．05平方公里,占85．98％,总体以南部武林地区的城市中心为布局的核心,整个区域以运河和铁路为轴线向南北、向西展开土地利用,由南向北逐步从“成熟一发展中一快速扩展一未开发”的土地利用形态过渡。     

基于卫星高度计的北极海冰厚度变化研究

A modified algorithm taking into account the first year(FY) and multiyear(MY) ice densities is used to derive a sea ice thickness from freeboard measurements acquired by satellite altimetry ICESat(2003–2008). Estimates agree with various independent in situ measurements within 0.21 m. Both the fall and winter campaigns see a dramatic extent retreat of thicker MY ice that survives at least one summer melting season. There were strong seasonal and interannual variabilities with regard to the mean thickness. Seasonal increases of 0.53 m for FY the ice and 0.29 m for the MY ice between the autumn and the winter ICESat campaigns, roughly 4–5 month separation, were found. Interannually, the significant MY ice thickness declines over the consecutive four ICESat winter campaigns(2005–2008) leads to a pronounced thickness drop of 0.8 m in MY sea ice zones. No clear trend was identified from the averaged thickness of thinner, FY ice that emerges in autumn and winter and melts in summer. Uncertainty estimates for our calculated thickness, caused by the standard deviations of multiple input parameters including freeboard, ice density, snow density, snow depth, show large errors more than 0.5 m in thicker MY ice zones and relatively small standard deviations under 0.5 m elsewhere. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is implemented to determine the separate impact on the thickness estimate in the dependence of an individual input variable as mentioned above. The results show systematic bias of the estimated ice thickness appears to be mainly caused by the variations of freeboard as well as the ice density whereas the snow density and depth brings about relatively insignificant errors.     

花山岩画开裂岩体声波测试与分析

阐述了声波测试的方法和过程,通过在岩体中声波的传播速度,建立开裂岩体厚度与劣化程度的数学模型。结果表明,开裂岩体厚度小于30 mm时,强度损失较大;开裂岩体厚度大于30 mm时,强度基本保持不变,为今后花山岩画的保护提供科学可靠的理论依据。     

山东省矿产资源开发利用现状与保护对策探讨

山东是矿业大省，矿产资源的开发程度较高，但也存在着不容忽视的问题。针对产生这些问题的原因，提出了实现矿产资源可持续开发利用的六项建议，强调应从增强矿产资源的忧患意识、保护生态环境、加强矿产勘查、强化政府管理职能及依靠科技进步等方面加大工作力度。     

江河断面分级分期旱限水位(流量)确定方法

江河断面旱限水位(流量)是流域干旱预警的重要指标,可作为启动流域抗旱应急响应、指导水利工程开展抗旱调度的重要依据。本文针对江河断面旱限水位的相关概念和技术问题,完善了江河断面旱限水位(流量)的内涵,指出其是表征河流进入低枯状态即将产生社会经济与生态环境缺水风险的水位(流量)阈值。考虑不同干旱程度及干旱期用水规律,从分级分期的角度提出适用于不同类型河段的江河断面分级分期旱限水位(流量)确定方法。通过对渭河临潼断面和抚河廖家湾断面的实例应用,验证了算法对资源约束型和综合约束型断面的适用性和合理性。本研究为水旱灾害防御部门制定江河断面旱限水位(流量)提供了通用算法,能够为干旱预警决策提供科学依据和技术支撑。     

西藏拉抗俄斑岩铜钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年及其地质意义

西藏冈底斯成矿带拉抗俄斑岩铜钼矿床位于西藏特提斯构造域拉萨地块东段中南部,是近年来青藏高原地质大调查项目评价的重点矿床之一。本文在钻孔地质编录的基础上,采用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年技术,对拉抗俄铜钼矿床中8件产于花岗闪长斑岩中的辉钼矿进行定年,获得了拉抗俄矿床辉钼矿成矿年龄,辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为(13.20±0.20)Ma~(13.64±0.21)Ma,加权平均值为(13.38±0.15)Ma,等时线年龄为(13.12±0.44)Ma,代表了拉抗俄斑岩铜钼矿床的成矿时代,成矿作用发生于中新世。辉钼矿中Re的含量为343.6×10-6~835.7×10-6,平均557.8×10-6,指示其成矿物质中有幔源物质加入。拉抗俄斑岩铜钼矿床形成于印度—亚洲大陆碰撞造山带碰撞过程的伸展背景,其成矿年龄与冈底斯斑岩铜矿带东段中亚带众多斑岩-矽卡岩成矿系统年龄基本一致(17~12 Ma),相对于同一矿集区的驱龙、甲玛、邦铺斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿的成矿年龄小2~3 Ma,但其形成受控于相同的成矿地球动力学背景。     

CAWS600B型自动站地温故障检修探讨

从自动站地温观测的工作原理和设计电路原理出发,对CAWS600B型自动站地温常见的故障和异常现象进行了分析研究,总结了地温故障出现的原因,提出了此类故障的检修方法.     

NEW OBSERVATIONS ON THE MEIOTIC PROCESS IN THE MARINE DINOFLAGELLATE NOCTILUCA SCINTILIANS （NOCTILUCALES, DINOPHYCEAE）

The meiotic process in Noctiluca scintillans were observed under light microscope.Some abnormal cell divisions, incompletely separated “zoospores” and the changes of the zoospores are described in this paper. Together with the fmdings of field samplings and the previous results by other researchers, the process of meiosis in N. scintillans was supposed to be a pathway to reduce the extra high density of NH3-N within the cell in order to ensure normal population growth.