西太平洋副高位置变动与大气热源的关系

采用NCEP／NCAR再分析逐日资料和SCSMEX等资料，根据全型垂直涡度倾向方程，研究了1998年6月西太平洋副高位置变动与大气热源的关系。结果表明，副热带地区的非绝热加热对副高位置变化有很重要的作用。与气候平均状况相比，1998年6月副高北侧的非绝热加热垂直变化较常年偏强，而南侧较常年偏弱。这种异常的非均匀加热状况导致我国华南、江南、长江中下游地区呈现异常气旋性涡度制造，而中南半岛大部和南海地区为异常反气旋性涡度制造，使得1998年6月副高位置异常偏南。     

江淮流域持续性强降水期间西太副高位置变异与非绝热加热的关系

采用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料及全国740站逐日降水资料,讨论了江淮流域持续性强降水期间西太平洋副高位置变动特征及其与非绝热加热的关系.通过个例合成研究发现:副高位置变异与强降水持续期间大气非绝热加热关系密切.强降水持续期间,副高北侧的江淮流域和西侧的孟加拉湾北部地区均存在强烈的视热源和视水汽汇.强降水发生前3 ...     

一次初春东北冷涡的结构特征及其降水成因

利用ERA-Interim逐日再分析资料及中国753站逐日降水资料,对2008年3月23—28日的东北冷涡天气过程进行诊断分析,并探讨了冷涡降水的主要影响因子。结果表明：1）与夏季冷涡过程不同,此次初春冷涡过程高层环流场由经向环流向纬向环流转变;冷涡发展初期,经向环流的建立使得冷涡向南移动,而成熟阶段冷涡后部的低槽引导冷空气向冷涡输送,导致了冷涡环流的维持。2）亚欧大陆上空强阻塞形势的发展是初春东北冷涡形成的关键因子;乌拉尔山和鄂霍次克海阻塞高压分别受到前期北大西洋和热带太平洋海温异常的调控,为冷涡向南发展维持提供了有利的环流背景,并影响了高低空急流的配置,有利于冷涡降水的形成。3）涡度场和温度场的高低空配置使得东北冷涡发展成深厚的环流系统,干侵入对冷涡的形成和维持同样有重要作用。冷涡环流的发展为东北地区降水提供了有利的水汽和垂直运动条件,冷暖平流交汇引起的锋面过程则促进大范围降水的形成。     

亚洲-西太平洋夏半年季节内振荡：热带气旋活动强、弱年的对比

应用有限区域波数-功率谱和滞后线性回归统计方法,对比分析1979—2004年热带气旋（TC）活动强、弱年亚洲-西太平洋区域（AWP）夏半年大气季节内振荡（ISO）的传播特征及海气相互作用过程。分析结果表明：在整个AWP和西太平洋区域都存在TC强年ISO东传特征更显著的特征,ISO对流传播在纬向上伸展更偏东,强年沿赤道东传20～60 d周期波动更强,西太平洋区域是传播特征强弱年区别较显著的区域,与TC活动密切联系;TC强、弱年ISO过程中海气相互作用过程相同,海洋和大气间的能量交换对维持ISO西北传播时起作用;TC强年的海气相互作用比弱年更加强烈,尤其是对流凝结潜热的释放在强年比弱年强,这可能是导致TC强、弱年ISO特征区别的原因之一。     

THE ROLE OF COLD AIR AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER VAPOR IN BOTH TCS NANMADOL (0428) AND IRMA (7427) MAKING LANDFALL ON CHINA IN WINTERTIME

The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data are used to investigate the role of cold air and moisture characteristics during the evolution of two cases of tropical cyclones (Nanmadol and Irma) which made landfall on China in wintertime. The results are shown as follows. (1) The East Asia trough steered the cold air into the tropical ocean in early winter. The tropical cyclones moved in opposite directions with a high moving out to sea and the enhancement of the pressure gradient at the periphery played a role in maintaining and strengthening the intensity of the storms. The intrusion of weak cold air into the low levels of the tropical cyclones strengthened them by improving the cyclonic disturbance when they were still over the warm sea surface. When the cold air was strong enough and intruded into the eyes, the warm cores were damaged and stuffed before dissipation. (2) The tropical cyclones were formed in a convergence zone of moisture flux and their development could enhance the disturbance of water vapor convergence, thus strengthening the moisture convergence zone. However, when they were outside the moisture zone, the storms could not gain sufficient water vapor and became weak. There were no belts of strong moisture transportation during the wintertime tropical cyclone processes.     

我国南方洪涝暴雨期西太平洋副高短期位置变异的特点及成因

利用NCEP/NCAR多年逐日再分析资料、美国环境预报中心CMAP (NOAA NCEP Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation) 候平均降雨量资料以及全国740站逐日降水资料, 对华南前汛期和江淮梅雨期大范围持续性暴雨过程中西太平洋副高短期位置变异的异同及其可能成因进行了分析。结果表明: 华南和江淮大范围持续性暴雨期间, 西太平洋副高位置均比同期气候平均值异常偏南偏西, 且强度偏强。华南暴雨期间, 副高西北侧华南地区以及西侧孟加拉湾地区存在异常强烈的视热源和视水汽汇; 江淮暴雨期间, 副高北侧江淮流域及西侧孟加拉湾地区也存在异常强烈的视热源和视水汽汇。运用全型垂直涡度倾向方程理论, 研究非绝热加热对西太平洋副高短期位置变异的影响, 结果表明: 副高位置的短期变异与非绝热加热场及其配置有密切联系。华南暴雨期间, 副高西北侧边缘的华南地区加热场可在短期内迫使副高东撤南退; 江淮暴雨期间, 副高北侧江淮流域加热场的存在不利于副高北进, 而西侧较远处孟加拉湾热源会诱导副高西伸, 两者的共同作用导致副高在江淮以南维持, 且会明显西伸。     

4～5月南亚高压在中南半岛上空建立过程特征及其可能机制

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 发现菲律宾群岛以东洋面上空反气旋在4月第5候分裂成位于中南半岛上空的西部中心和仍位于菲律宾以东洋面上空的东部中心两部分, 其中位于中南半岛上空的反气旋中心加强后形成南亚高压。中南半岛高空反气旋生成加强和菲律宾群岛以东洋面高空反气旋减弱消亡的同时发生是4~5月南亚高压在中南半岛上空建立过程的主要特征, 其主要促发因子是亚洲南部大气非绝热加热状态的改变。事实上, 随着对流沿亚澳 “大陆桥” 北移和中南半岛对流建立, 中南半岛上升运动加强, 高空辐散加剧, 西部中心在中南半岛南部生成, 南亚高压初步建立。随后, 菲律宾群岛以东洋面上热源突然东撤至150°E以东, 中南半岛热源成为主导, 在加热区东面对流层高层激发出气旋式环流, 造成西太平洋高压在120°E附近分裂。之后, 孟加拉湾[CD*2]中南半岛夏季风建立, 孟加拉湾[CD*2]中南半岛对流加强, 在深对流作用下, 中南半岛上空释放大量潜热, 上升运动进一步加强, 西部中心加强北抬。同时, 南海对流开始加强, 其释放的潜热加热会在加热区东部的对流层高层激发出正涡度变率, 令东部中心减弱消亡, 南亚高压在中南半岛上空完全建立。     

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE POSITION VARIATION OF THE WEST PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND THE DIABATIC HEATING DURING PERSISTENT INTENSE RAIN EVENTS IN YANGTZE-HUAIHE RIVERS BASIN

By using NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data and daily precipitation data of 740 stations in China, relationships between the position variation of the West Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and the diabatic heating during persistent and intense rains in the Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers basin are studied. The results show that the position variation of WPSH is closely associated with the diabatic heating. There are strong apparent heating sources and moisture sinks in both the basin (to the north of WPSH) and the north of Bay of Bengal (to the west of WPSH) during persistent and intense rain events. In the basin, Q 1z begins to increase 3 days ahead of intense rainfall, maximizes 2 days later and then reduces gradually, but it changes little after precipitation ends, thus preventing the WPSH from moving northward. In the north of Bay of Bengal, 2 days ahead of strong rainfall over the basin, Q 1z starts to increase and peaks 1 day after the rain occurs, leading to the westward extension of WPSH. Afterwards, Q 1z begins declining and the WPSH makes its eastward retreat accordingly. Based on the complete vertical vorticity equation, in mid-troposphere, the vertical variation of heating in the basin is favorable to the increase of cyclonic vorticity north of WPSH, which counteracts the northward movement of WPSH and favors the persistence of rainbands over the basin. The vertical variation of heating in the north of Bay of Bengal is in favor of the increase of anti-cyclonic vorticity to the west of WPSH, which induces the westward extension of WPSH.     

ON A POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR SOUTHERN ASIAN CONVECTION INFLUENCING THE SOUTH ASIAN HIGH ESTABLISHMENT DURING WINTER TO SUMMER TRANSITION

The establishment of the South-Asian high (SAH) in April and May over the Indochina Peninsula (IP) is investigated based on the ERA-40 reanalysis data. The result shows that the SAH is generated and strengthened over the IP locally, rather than moving westward to the IP from the Western Pacific. After the SAH establishment the tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT) forms above the ocean to the east of the Philippines. We have found that the principal triggering factor of both the SAH construction and the TUTT formation is the variation in the Southern Asian atmospheric diabatic heating regime. In late April, both the climbing effect of Shan Plateau and the local surface sensible heating contribute to local rainfall over the IP. Then the local updraft and upper-air divergence are strengthened, being responsible for the SAH formed in the southern part of the IP. As convection moves northward along the Australian-Asian "maritime continent" and the Bay of Bengal (BoB) summer monsoon begins, the convection is intensified in May on the eastern BoB. The strong convection results in the SAH enhancing and expanding westward, accompanied by reinforced meridional flow to the east of SAH, where responses of the circulation to diabatic heating arrive at a quasi-steady state. Meanwhile, because of the positive geopotential vorticity advection resulting from upper equatorward flow, the local positive relative vorticity increases over the ocean to the east of the Philippines, making the tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT) form around 150°E.     

冬季西北太平洋热带气旋的生成与热带东风扰动的关系

利用合成技术对1995—2006年冬季(11月—次年2月)生成在西北太平洋上的34个热带气旋(tropicalcyclone,TC)个例进行分析,研究冬季西北太平洋TC生成的大尺度环流特征及其生成机制,结果表明:冬季TC生成的大尺度环流特征型为东风波西传型;北半球冬季对流层低层出现的跨赤道气旋对是冬季北半球TC形成的重要特征;太平洋中部赤道混合Rossby重力波西北传,与强对流中心重合,性质转为"热带低压型扰动",为冬季热带气旋生成提供扰动源。对合成TC初始场的涡动扰动动能的收支分析表明,涡动有效位能和正压不稳定转换为TC形成提供了能量,这两种能量分别与积云对流加热和水平不均匀气流有关。正压不稳定能量转换为动能主要位于对流层中下层,而扰动有效位能的转换主要位于对流层中上层。低层热带东风波动从平均气流中获得正压不稳定能量,并与强积云对流耦合,热力和动力共同作用下形成TC。