CO2增加引起的温室效应对我国沿海台风影响的数值模拟试验

使用RegCM2区域气候模式单向嵌套澳大利亚CSIRO R21L9全球海—气耦合模式，进行了CO2加倍情况下影响中国的台风变化的数值试验研究。首先分析了区域模式对中国气候的模拟能力，结果表明，区域模式由于具有较高的分辨率，因而对中国区域地面气温和降水的模拟效果较全球模式有了较大提高。随后就温室效应对台风的影响情况进行了分析，发现计算区域内台风生成的个数将有一定增加，而登陆我国的台风数目会有明显增加；同时台风的路径将以由南向北移动，在华南登陆影响我国的方式为主。     

多区域模式集合的东亚陆地区域的平均和极端降水未来预估

利用东亚区域联合降尺度计划(CORDEX-EA) 15个区域模式的模拟结果,集合预估了高排放情景RCP8.5下东亚陆地区域平均和极端降水的未来时空变化,并量化未来预估的不确定性.结果 表明:区域模式基本上能够再现东亚及各个区域平均和极端降水的多年平均分布.未来多模式集合预估的平均和极端强降水在东亚各区域多表现为增加,连续无降水日数(CDD)表现为南增北减,且变幅多随时间增大.到21世纪末期,冬季和年平均降水的增幅大值都位于中国西部(WC),冬季降水的变化在WC、蒙古(MG)、中国东北(NE)和中国华北及西北地区东部(NC)的确定性都较高,年降水的变化仅在WC和MG确定性较高.夏季降水增幅大值位于朝鲜半岛和日本(KJ),且仅在这一区域确定性较高.最大5日降水量(Rx5day)和大雨日数(R20)以增加为主且变化的空间分布较为均匀,除去中国江南及华南(SC)和KJ的R20变化,其余区域两个变量的变化确定性都较高.CDD的增幅和减幅大值分别位于SC和MG,其变化在MG、NE和SC确定性较高.     

A daily temperature dataset over China and its application in validating a RCM simulation

This paper describes the construction of a 0.5°×0.5°daily temperature dataset for the period of 1961- 2005 over mainland China for the purpose of climate model validation. The dataset is based on the in- terpolation from 751 observing stations in China and comprises 3 variables: daily mean,minimum,and maximum temperature.The"anomaly approach"is applied in the interpolation.The gridded climatology of 1971-2000 is first calculated and then a gridded daily anomaly for 1961-2005 is added to the climatologY to o...     

北半球和中国气候的模拟及1996年汛期预测的试验及检验

该文用ＯＳＵ／ＳＺ／ＺＷ全球大气环流模式耦合全球混合层海洋与海冰模式对北半球及中国气候进行了模拟，与实况场的对比检验说明模式对北半球及中国气候具有一定的模拟能力，同时利用该模式作了１９９６年汛期预报，对其主要预报结果与实况场进行了对比与检验后表明：该模式对大气环流场，Ｎｉｎｏ区海温，中国区域降水等有一定的预报能力。     

Simulation of Effects of Land Use Change on Climate in China by a Regional Climate Model

Climate effects of land use change in China as simulated by a regional climate model (RegCM2)are investigated. The model is nested in one-way mode within a global coupled atmosphere-ocean model(CSIRO R21L9 AOGCM). Two multi-year simulations, one with current land use and the other with potential vegetation cover, are conducted. Statistically significant changes of precipitation, surface air temperature, and daily maximum and daily minimum temperature are analyzed based on the difference between the two simulations. The simulated effects of land use change over China include a decrease of mean annual precipitation over Northwest China, a region with a prevalence of arid and semi-arid areas;an increase of mean annual surfaoe air temperature over some areas; and a decrease of temperature along coastal areas. Summer mean daily maximum temperature increases in many locations, while winter mean daily minimum temperature decreases in East China and increases in Northwest China. The upper soil moisture decreases significantly across China. The results indicate that the same land use change may cause different climate effects in different regions depending on the surrounding environment and climate characteristics.     

Regional variability of climate change hot-spots in East Asia

The regional climate change index (RCCI) is employed to investigate hot-spots under 21st century global warming over East Asia. The RCCI is calculated on a 1-degree resolution grid from the ensemble of CMIP3 simulations for the B1, A1B, and A2 IPCC emission scenarios. The RCCI over East Asia exhibits marked sub-regional variability. Five sub-regional hot-spots are identified over the area of investigation: three in the northern regions (Northeast China, Mongolia, and Northwest China), one in eastern China, and one over the Tibetan Plateau. Contributions from different factors to the RCCI are discussed for the sub-regions. Analysis of the temporal evolution of the hot-spots throughout the 21st century shows different speeds of response time to global warming for the different sub-regions. Hot-spots firstly emerge in Northwest China and Mongolia. The Northeast China hot-spot becomes evident by the mid of the 21st century and it is the most prominent by the end of the century. While hot-spots are generally evident in all the 5 sub-regions for the A1B and A2 scenarios, only the Tibetan Plateau and Northwest China hot-spots emerge in the B1 scenario, which has the lowest greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations. Our analysis indicates that sub-regional hot-spots show a rather complex spatial and temporal dependency on the GHG concentration and on the different factors contributing to the RCCI.     

未来我国南方低温雨雪冰冻灾害变化的数值模拟

 使用高分辨率区域气候模式（RegCM3）,单向嵌套一个全球模式,对未来我国南方冰雪灾害在IPCC SRES A2情景下的变化进行了数值模拟。结果表明：未来南方地区低温日数整体将减少,但在广东和广西北部部分地区连续低温日数有增加现象;降雪日数和连续降雪日数会减少,但在江西等地降雪量将有所增加,同时强降雪事件在江西等地将增多,引起地面最大积雪深度和最大持续积雪日数的增加;湖南和贵州东部地区冻雨日数会减少,而在青藏高原东麓等地冻雨日数会增加。     

2008年6——8月赴意大利短期访问总结

应国际理论物理研究中心（ICTP：The Abdus Salam International Center Centre for Theoretical Physics,位于意大利Trieste）教授F．Giorgi博士邀请,国家气候中心高学杰研究员、徐影副研究员和博士研究生石英于2008年5月29日至8月26日,对其地球科学部（ESP）进行了为期3个月的学术访问。     

区域气候模式对温室效应引起的中国西北地区气候变化的数值模拟

使用RegCM2区域气候模式,进行了CO₂加倍对中国区域气候影响的数值试验,对西北地区进行了重点分析.结果表明,在CO₂加倍的情况下,西北地区的气温将明显升高,年平均升高值为2.7℃,高于全国平均变化.同时降水也将明显增加,平均增加率达到25%,远高于全国平均,增加率的数值大小依次为冬季、春季、秋季和夏季.     

全球气候变暖对西北地区秋季降水的影响

分析了在全球气候变暖背景下,西北地区秋季降水的时空变化特征和主要影响因素,发现秋季降水量的均值突变现象在四季中最为明显,西北地区东部和西部降水在年代际尺度上具有相反的变化趋势.El Nino年秋季,新疆脊偏强,印缅槽偏弱,西北地区东部降水偏少;La Nina年秋季降水形势相反.CO₂倍增情况下的数值试验表明,西北地区西部夏季降水增加明显,而秋季不明显;西北地区东部夏季降水呈减少趋势,而秋季降水增加明显.