A NEW DRY DEPOSITION VELOCITY PATTERN AND ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATION IN HIGH RESOLUTION REGIONAL ACID DEPOSITION MODEL

A new dry deposition velocity pattern (NDDVP) for the study of region-scale dry depositionprocesses is developed. The mean ratio between NDDVP and 1022 experimental data of dry deposi-tion velocity V_d is 1. 06±0.82. The result shows that NDDVP is well consistent with experimentaldata. Practical cases are forecasted by the high resolution regional acid deposition model (EM3)with both NDDVP and old V_d pattern. The maximum ratio between the central concentrations forSO4 can reach 2.4 only due to different V_d patterns. 3-D distributions of species concentrations anddry depositions forecasted by NDDVP are better than those by the old V_d pattern.     

植物冠层内物质交换特征的实验研究

使用湍流和SO2通量梯度测试资料，对植被冠层内物质交换特征进行了详细研究，揭示了一些有意义的结果: 植物的生物过程对物质的吸收作用非常明显； 在冠层内物质通量是随冠层深度加大而明显减小；对高的植被，上层沉积速度(Vgu)大于下层 (Vgd)； 冠层内的沉积速度(Vg) 表现出明显的日变化，冠层内物质的生物吸收作用与太阳总辐射量有直接联系；冠层的Vg与速度尺度V＊和平均风成正变关系；森林的Vg比麦地小；新的Vg理论公式能更好地预测重庆森林和麦地的结果。     

A PUFF MODEL REVISED BY MONTE-CARLO METHOD ON MESOSCALE RANGE

A puff model is developed in this study, which simultaneously considers the Monte-Carlo technique, the time and space changes of atmospheric parameters, multiple continuity pollutant sources, linear chemical transformation and removal of pollutants, and the effect of complex terrain. The continuously observed turbulent statistical quantities, Lagrangian time scales, mesoscale flow field, and mixing layer depth in the PBL in the Dian-chi area in China are directly put into the model, and the diurnal variations of air pollution are forecasted, which arc dominated by such mesoscale local circulations as mountain and valley breeze, land and lake breeze, and city heat island (Kunming City) . The results show that in the case of inputting the same data, they are in good agreement with the experimental data, as well as with the results of the three-dimensional advection-diffusion model (TD-ADM); the diurnal variation of mesoscale local circulation results in the obvious diurnal variation of mesoscale concentra     

EFFECT OF WIND VERTICAL SHEAR ON DIFFUSION CHARACTERISTICS IN THE MESOSCALE RANGE

Using the turbulent statistical form of the vertical vortex diffusion coefficient K2, in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and Ekman spiral wind profile, the three-dimensional diffusion equation is solved by the numerical method. The influences of vertical shear of both wind direction and wind speed on pollution trajectory and horizontal diffusion parameters σy are numerically analysed. The expressions of both pollution trajectory and σy, including the factor of wind shear, are obtained. The results show that the vertical shear of wind is important among all factors affecting the mesoscale dispersion. Specifically, from neutral to stable atmospheric conditions, vertical shear of wind makes greater contribution to σy than turbulence, thus it is the most important factor. In this paper, we have compared horizontal dispersion pattern with both Pasquill's dispersion pattern considering wind direction shear, and experimental data collected at 9 different sites ranging from 10 to 100 km, and the results show that our dispersion pattern is closer to the experimental values than Pasquill's results, and his correction to shear of wind direction is too large under the stable conditions.     

冬季平流层大气环流平均槽脊的形成

本文利用一个π坐标的3层模式描写对流层和平流层的大气运动。由线性化方程的解,讨论了大尺度地形和加热分布的控制作用和定常扰动。 结果得到:(1)地形和对流层热源的超长波扰动,可以传播到平流层中,扰动振幅向上增强,地形波的位相近于垂直,而热源波的位相随高度向西倾斜。(2)地形和热源对平流层平均槽脊的形成都是重要的。但对流层和平流层大气的热源、热汇对30mb阿留申高压的形成起了主要作用。(3)平流层扰动的强大振幅主要是由于平流层大气密度很小所造成的。     

一个考虑地形影响的三维中尺度Monte-Carlo多源模式

本文设计了一个考虑地形、湍流统计量垂直非均匀和非平稳过程影响的三维中尺度Monte-Carlo多源模式。模式模拟了珠海地区大气SO_2浓度时空分布,很好地揭示了由海陆风和山谷风控制下浓度的日变化规律,计算与实测浓度之间平均比值为0.94±0.2388,其结果是令人满意的。本模式具有概念清楚,没有作人为的特别假设和数值解平流扩散方程时出现的伪扩散问题,更能反映湍流扩散本身具有随机性这一本质的优点。