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环境地理与人类健康研究成果与展望 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所倡导和建立了化学地理研究机构,是我国最早从事环境科学研究的单位之一,推动了环境质量调查、环境质量评价、环境背景、环境容量和环境治理等理论和技术的建立和发展;长期进行克山病、大骨节病等地方病的调查及其环境病因与防治的研究,为上述疾病的控制做出了重大贡献;创立和发展了中国的医学地理学研究体系。2000年以后,在持续开展西部地方病地理流行规律和稀土元素生物地球化学循环研究基础上,重点开展了重金属等污染物及全球环境变化的健康风险评价研究,拓展了区域碳、氮、磷等生命元素的生物地球化学循环与温室气体排放的关系研究,强化了环境污染治理和健康保护的技术研究。实现了从化学地理到环境地理、从医学地理到健康地理的转变。未来的环境地理与人类健康研究将以地理环境的化学属性为重点,以人口健康保护为核心,探讨环境保护、社会经济发展和人类健康安全在整体上协调的机制与途径。 相似文献
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中国环境-健康区域综合评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of the study was to assess the environment-health development in different regions of China. 175 indicators, such as average life expectancy at birth, emission intensity of waste gas, GDP etc. were chosen to describe various aspects of the environment, health and development of China. Of all the indicators, life expectancy can sufficiently reflect health situation of population. Consequently,life expectancy was identified as key indicator, and 42 out of 175 indicators were selected for establishing the environment-health indicator fiamework with three grades of integrative indices to assess the development of environment-health of China. Based on the hierarchical relation between various grades of indices, the comprehensive environment-health index was calculated and contributed to classify the environment-health situation of 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China which were divided into five grades by four predefmed limits. Comprehensive assessment indicates that the environment-health situation of the eastern and coastal areas is superior to that of inland which is the western regions with underdeveloped economy and rigorous natural condition.Especially, the Qinghai-Tibet and Yunnan-Guizhou plateaus in southwestern China are most vulnerable in the environment and population health. These fit in with the pattern of national socio-economic development, which fully shows that socio-economic context plays a dominant role in the improvement of environment-health in China. 相似文献
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西藏山地半淋溶土壤分布与大骨节病关系研究 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
通过西藏大骨节病县与非病县山地耕型褐土和灰褐土各土壤亚类的对比分析表明,山地褐土和灰褐土环境是西藏大骨节病主要土壤类型。其中大骨节病县有3.2万公顷耕种褐土,占全部耕种褐土的89.4%,而非病县仅0.4万公顷,占10.6%;同样,近3.9万公顷的耕种灰褐土分布在病县,占全部耕种灰褐土的97.4%,而非病县仅0.1万公顷,占2.6%。相似的半淋溶耕型土壤环境,雅鲁藏布江南岸多为非病区,北岸多为病区,可能与北岸念青唐古拉山和南岸喜马拉雅山的岩性和成土物质来源差异有关。同时土壤水土流失也可能是影响大骨节病分布的重要因素,水土流失严重的地区多为病区,而非病区多分布在地势较平坦的地区。因此系统研究西藏典型大骨节病区的土壤分异及其土壤侵蚀程度的差异对探讨未来西藏大骨节病的分布与流行有重要意义。 相似文献
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