广东四大区域污染过程历史案例库的建立分析

将广东省划分为粤东、粤西、粤北、珠三角4大区域,利用广东省101个环保国控站点2014—2016年期间的AQI 6要素在对"区域污染过程"进行定义的基础上,分区域统计污染天气过程,并对影响天气型进行归类分析。结果表明:2014—2016年期间广东省出现的区域污染过程频次各区累计:珠三角47次、粤北22次、粤东17次、粤西13次。PM_(2.5)区域污染过程累计:珠三角25次、粤北15次、粤东11次、粤西10次;O_3区域污染过程累计:珠三角28次、粤北7次、粤东6次、粤西5次;NO_2区域污染过程集中在珠三角共计19次。影响天气型归类为珠三角和粤北、粤东、粤西等非珠三角PM_(2.5)易污染型中冷高压出海形势均占比超50%;O_3易污染型中单纯副高、单纯台风外围及两者叠加形势珠三角占比超60%,非珠三角占比超80%;珠三角NO_2易污染型中冷高出海型占比近70%。     

2012年夏季秦巴山区暴雨过程的地形作用诊断

利用NCEP/NCAR的1°×1° FNL再分析资料对2012年7月3—4日发生在陕西南部秦巴山区暴雨过程的成因及地形对暴雨的作用进行了诊断研究,同时利用中尺度模式WRFV331模拟了暴雨过程,结果表明：500 hPa高原槽、700、850 hPa的低涡切变线和副高外围西南气流是暴雨的主要影响天气系统。700 hPa副高外围的西南气流从云贵高原推进到秦岭南坡并沿坡爬升,同时还与山前的偏东气流汇合而形成气流辐合区,致使气旋性涡度增大,辐合抬升作用造成强垂直上升运动,低层低涡切变线得以发展和维持,秦岭南坡产生了大暴雨,秦巴山区地形对暴雨有显著的增幅作用。高原槽中冷空气从秦岭以北向南侵入,大巴山以南的西南暖湿气流向北推进,在冷暖空气的交汇地带形成斜压锋区;地形的辐合抬升作用加强中低层大气锋生,增大大气斜压不稳定性,触发不稳定能量的释放,有利于暴雨的发生。暴雨发生期间秦巴山区在垂直方向上,雨水、云水、冰晶的大值中心相互对应,存在“播撒—供给”效应,有利于雨水粒子增多,导致山区出现了强降雨。     

Mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of sodium alginate onto modified clays

Algal organic materials (AOMs) are one critical factor affecting the efficiency of modified clays used for the mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs). This study was conducted to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of AOMs onto modified clays. Sodium alginate (polysaccharide) and kaolinite modified with polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were used as AOMs and modified clay model substances, respectively, and the effects of modifier dosage, contact time, solution pH and ionic strength were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Kinetics revealed that the alginate adsorption rate was described well by a pseudo-second order model. PACl effectively enhanced the adsorption capacity of kaolinite and increased the adsorption rate, and the optimum additive amount of PACl was 5%. The experimental data fitted both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption equations well. The adsorption thermodynamics for alginate onto modified clays suggests that alginate adsorption is a spontaneous process. The adsorption of alginate onto modified clays was highly dependent on pH, with a decrease in adsorption observed with increased pH to 9.48, but the opposite was true above pH 9.48. Finally, adsorption increased with increasing ionic strength.     

水母伞径和饵料密度对海月水母(Aurelia sp.1)捕食率的影响

海月水母在全球范围内大量暴发,严重危害海洋生态系统的健康以及鱼类资源的可持续利用。本文以卤虫无节幼体为饵料,初步研究了水母伞径和饵料密度对海月水母个体捕食率的影响以及海月水母的昼夜捕食节律。研究结果表明,海月水母的伞径对其捕食率的影响极显著(P<0.01),在1—8cm范围内,随着伞径的增加个体捕食率线性增加,两者之间的关系式为y=0.044x+0.125(R2=0.9036)。饵料密度对海月水母捕食率的影响显著(P<0.05),在0.25—26.11mgC/L范围内,随饵料密度的增加个体捕食率呈线性增加趋势,关系式为y=0.508x(R2=0.958)。在饵料充足时,海月水母没有昼夜捕食节律。在高饵料密度下海月水母出现过剩捕食,但是捕食行为依然活跃。上述结果既为量化评估海月水母对浮游动物群体的捕食压力提供了基础参数,同时水母过剩捕食行为说明依据生物量和代谢率的推算结果可能低估自然海域水母队浮游动物的捕食压力。     

单一地层平台插桩地基土破坏模式及插桩深度有限元分析

自升式平台插桩是地基土在桩靴荷载作用下发生连续塑性破坏的过程,当地基极限承载力等于桩靴荷载时插桩完成。经典土力学极限承载力理论对土体潜在滑动面做了假设,无法有效分析土体内部的破坏过程。因而,研究采用有限元极限分析法对单一地层中插桩时地基土渐进破坏过程进行了模拟,并与Skempton、Terzaghi公式计算的极限承载力进行了对比,取得了较为一致的结果,同时对插桩深度进行了预测。     

北祁连造山带石包城地区花岗岩年代学及成因

北祁连造山带内发育大量早古生代花岗质岩石,对其进行研究有助于加深对造山带构造演化的理解。本文以带内西段石包城地区的花岗岩为研究对象,对其进行锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素以及地球化学方面的研究。结果表明:(1)该花岗岩形成时代为465~463Ma,地球化学数据表明其属于钙碱性系列,并具强过铝质特征;(2)该花岗岩T_(Zr)和T_(REE)平均温度分别为760℃和732℃,ε_(Hf)(t)变化于+7.6~+13.5,二阶段模式年龄变化于581~957Ma;(3)可能属I-S过渡型花岗岩,是新生基性地壳低温条件下由于角闪石脱水分解而发生部分熔融而成,并混入了少量中-新元古代沉积组分,岩浆未发生明显的分离结晶作用,残留相为石榴石、角闪石和斜长石为主的麻粒岩;(4)该花岗岩形成于北祁连洋北向俯冲的活动大陆边缘背景之下,并在侵位上升过程中加入了部分沉积物质。     

阿尔金断裂带东段古生代花岗岩浆作用及其大陆动力学意义

造山带花岗岩浆作用一直是地学的重要研究方向, 它记录了地球动力学深部过程的信息, 开展深入的研究工作可以更好的了解板块汇聚环境的陆壳生长和再造以及壳幔之间的相互作用。北祁连造山带是一典型的早古生代造山带, 先后经历了洋盆的打开到闭合, 敦煌地块则是主要由前寒武纪TTG片麻岩和变质表壳岩组成。北祁连造山带和敦煌地块分别位于阿尔金断裂带东段的东南侧和西北侧, 且均出露有大面积的古生代花岗岩体。本文以阿尔金主断裂两侧产出的花岗岩类为研究对象, 涉及北祁连造山带中的赵家庄二长花岗岩, 石包城复式岩体(花岗岩、正长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩)和红柳河花岗岩, 敦煌地块中的党河水库花岗闪长岩、沙枣园二长花岗岩、安盆沟复式岩体(正长花岗岩和花岗岩)以及小草湖似斑状花岗岩。通过对上述花岗岩体的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和锆石Hf同位素的研究, 取得了新的认识:     

辽河三角洲地貌演化(英文)

This paper mainly analyzes the geomorphological changes of the tidal deposition in the Liaohe Estuary based on the multi-year bathymetric charts in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2005 and Landsat TM images in 1987, 1994, 2002 and 2005. Evolution of the tidal depositional system during the past 20 years in the Liaohe River was studied on the basis of 50 boreholes drilling and 30 km shallow stratigraphic exploration from 2002 to 2005. The main tidal depositional body of the modern Liaohe River delta is located in the Shuangtaizihe Estuary. The stratum within the depth of 10 m includes tidal bank facies, tidal channel facies and neritic facies with paleo-delta facies underlying them. The sediments of tidal bank facies are mainly composed of sand and silt with siltation load and suspended load of about 50% respectively in proportion. The sediment of tidal channel facies and neritic facies is composed of clayey silt and silty clay which belongs to suspended load. The study area was a small bay between the old Daliaohe River, the old Dalinghe River and the Raoyanghe River complex delta since the Holocene to 1896. Many tidal banks formed and expanded rapidly after the Shuangtaizihe River was excavated by labor in 1896. The runoff and sediment discharge have decreased since the construction of brake at the Shuangtaizihe River in 1958.The Shuangtaizihe Estuary is in the state of deposition as a whole whose tidal bank is increasing and expanding southward, westward and northward. The maximum expansion speed is 87 to 683 m/a and the mean depositional rate is 0.189 m/a. Erosion occurred in some part of tidal bank with average erosional rate of 0.122 m/a. The tidal channel was filled up with sediment at a migration speed of 48–200 m/a. Geomorphologic changes have happened under the combined influences of runoff, ocean dynamics and human activities. The main source of sediment changes from river sediment to sediment driven by tidal current and longshore current.     

复杂地形下C波段雷达定量降水估计算法

C波段雷达定量降水估计（QPE）精度受到很多因素的影响,主要包括:（1）雷达标定,（2）非气象回波的干扰,（3）降水物垂直空间变化,（4）地形或地物的严重遮挡,（5）Z-R关系的代表性,（6）雷达拼图的质量,（7）雷达观测回波衰减等。文中雷达定量降水估计算法基于陕西省C波段天气雷达展开,从雷达探测数据质量控制、地形遮挡、Z-R关系和雷达拼图等方面提高C波段天气雷达定量降水估计的精度,产生降水类型产品和1 h定量降水估计产品,产品空间分辨率为0.01°×0.01°,时间分辨率为6 min。通过对7次降水过程进行评估,结果表明:基于混合仰角反射率因子处理模块和降水类型分类模块进行雷达定量降水估计,得到的结果与地面雨量站观测降水接近,1 h累计降水量的统计评分指标均方根误差稳定在3 mm以下,相对误差稳定在50%左右,相对偏差保持在?30%以内,雷达定量降水估计产品的离散度和绝对偏差都较低,表明该算法得到的雷达定量降水估计稳定可靠。      

LIDAR点云滤波算法分析——以ISPRS测试实验为参考

在分析ISPRS测试实验的基础上,研究机载LIDAR点云数据滤波算法的特性,将算法分成4类进行介绍,总结经典算法的定量分析性能,为后续的研究提供一个参考,并展望滤波算法改进和发展的方向.