基于网络的气象信息传递—构造西南地区民航气象信息交换网的设想

本文主要阐述了基于网络进行气象信息传递的可行性及优越性，并针对西南地区气象业务的特点，提出了气象信息网络建设的可行性方案，及网络应实现的功能。     

Dynamic Analysis of Deep-Ocean Mining Pipe System by Discrete Element Method

The dynamic analysis of a pipe system is one of the most crucial problems for the entire mining system.A discrete element method(DEM)is proposed for the analysis of a deep-ocean mining pipe system,including the lift pipe,pump,buffer and flexible hose.By the discrete element method,the pipe is divided into some rigid elements that are linked by flexible connectors.First,two examples representing static analysis and dynamic analysis respectively are given to show that the DEM model is feasible.Then the three-dimensional DEM model is used for dynamic analysis of the mining pipe system.The dynamic motions of the entire mining pipe system under different work conditions are discussed.Some suggestions are made for the actual operation of deep-ocean mining systems.     

现代地图生产主要数据源使用分析

现代地图生产的手段已从传统的模拟形式转变为数字形式，数据源作为地图生产中的首要基础资料，其形式也发生了转变，由航空影像资料占主要地位，慢慢演变为航空、航天影像资料平分秋色。究竟二者孰重孰轻，各自的优缺点是什么，对此进行了剖析。     

东亚夏季风气候变迁强迫机制初探

基于反映东亚夏季风气候变迁的洛川黄土磁化率记录及一系列古气候模拟结果,通过统计分析研究了地球轨道参数、全球冰量及大气ＣＯ２含量等强迫因子对东亚夏季风气候变迁的影响。结果表明,在１０＾５ａ时间尺度上东亚夏季风气候变化大约有一半是由全球冰量消长引起的,约有１／４归于大气温气体含量的改变,而直接受到地球轨道的线性驱动作用很小。但在１０＾３～１０＾４ａ时间尺度上,冰期时东亚季风边缘地区夏季和降水变化的７０     

农业部:新农村建设示范行动开始实施

在深入调研的基础上,农业部日前印发了《社会主义新农村建设示范行动实施方案》,这标志着社会主义新农村建设示范行动开始进入组织实施阶段。农业部31个新农村建设示范行动对口指导与服务单位已于近日陆续派出工作组,奔赴具有代表性的全国35个示范村(农场)和65个联系村,组织编制新农村建设规划。     

沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物的分析方法研究

酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)是评价沉积物中重金属生物毒性的一个重要参数,但AVS易随氧化还原环境变化,所以对分析测试要求较高。以往AVS的测定方法较为费时费力,无法用于常规监测,或不适用于测定AVS含量偏低的沉积物样品。本研究在现有分析方法的基础上进行了改进,建立了一个扩散法和亚甲基蓝比色法联用的分析方法,使其适用于测定AVS含量偏低的海洋和湖泊沉积物样品。通过对回收率、空白、重复性的实验显示,该方法能够快速、准确的进行大批量样品的测试。应用该方法对渤海湾和莱州湾上百个沉积物样品的分析发现,AVS含量低于0.6μmol/g(DW)的样品量达到75%。因我国近岸海域有机碳含量偏低,AVS的含量也可能偏低,所以该方法对我国近岸海洋沉积物中AVS的分析测试有普适性。该分析方法的建立为我国应用AVS对沉积物中重金属生物毒性的研究提供了便利。     

两次降水过程的微降雨雷达探测精度分析

垂直指向微降雨雷达(MRR)能够测量从近地面至高空的雷达反射率因子和雨滴谱分布特征,对认识降水微物理结构,改进雷达定量降水估计精度有重要作用。为评估MRR探测的雨滴谱分布、降水和雷达回波精度,利用南京地区夏季观测的两次降水过程,将MRR与业务S波段天气雷达、二维视频雨滴谱仪、常规雨量筒观测进行层状云降水和对流性降水下的定量对比分析。结果表明,MRR垂直探测的雷达反射率因子与S波段雷达观测在中低层(＜4 km)平均差异＜1 dB, 但高层(＞4 km)出现显著低估,且该现象随降水强度增强更明显,这主要是雷达回波衰减导致。MRR在回波强度＜35 dBz时对降水率的探测精度较高,但在＞35 dBz时低估降水。其中,层状云降水的降水率比对流性降水更接近雨量筒观测。常规雨量筒对0.1 mm以下的降水无探测能力,而MRR探测敏感度较高,对于微弱降水率的估计效果也很好。由于MRR最大探测范围的限制,相对于2DVD而言,MRR探测的最大粒子直径低估、最小粒子浓度高估,但在中间段的探测效果和2DVD雨滴谱观测一致性较高。总体而言,MRR是一个有效的降水探测仪器,其探测结果在层状云降水过程中优于对流性降水过程。     

Dynamic Analysis of the Seafloor Pilot Miner Based on Single-Body Vehicle Model and Discretized Track-Terrain Interaction Model

In order to achieve the complex dynamic analysis of the self-propelled seafloor pilot miner moving on the seafloor of extremely cohesive soft soil and further to make it possible to integrate the miner system with some subsystems to form the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system and perform dynamic analysis, a new method for the dynamic modeling and analysis of the miner is proposed and developed in this paper, resulting in a simplified 3D single-body vehicle model with three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom, while the track-terrain interaction model is built by partitioning the track-terrain interface into discrete elements with parameterized force elements built on the theory of terramechanics acting on each discrete element. To evaluate and verify the correctness and effectiveness of this new modeling and analysis method, typical comparative studies with regard to computational efficiency and solution accuracy are carried out between the traditional modeling method of building the tracked vehicle as a multi-body model and the new modeling method. In full consideration of the particular structure design of the pilot miner, the special characteristics of the seafloor soil and the hydrodynamic force of near-seafloor current, the dynamic simulation analysis of the miner is performed and discussed, which can provide useful guidance and reference for the practical miner system in design and operation. This new method can not only realize the rapid dynamic simulation analysis of the miner but also make possible the integration and rapid dynamic analysis of the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system in further researches.