Heron移动背包三维激光扫描系统在1∶500大比例尺测图中的精度评价及效率分析

近两年基于SLAM、点云配准的背包式三维激光扫描仪发展迅猛。不同于基于GNSS的移动扫描测量系统,该类设备可在复杂环境中便捷地获取目标的三维点云数据。本文利用基于IMU结合点云配准算法定位方式的Heron移动背包三维激光扫描系统,进行1∶500大比例尺测图生产试验,并对其精度进行评价,对其效率进行分析统计。结果表明,该移动背包三维激光扫描系统在大比例尺测图中的精度和效率均不亚于传统测量手段,未来发展前景广阔。     

海上浮体系泊缆自动化设计方法研究

随着智能化研究成为当今科技发展的热点,结合智能优化算法的浮体系泊系统自动化设计成为一个将现代方法应用于传统工程领域并提高设计效率的研究对象。针对浮体的系泊系统,以悬链线式系泊方式为研究对象,分析得出了系泊缆与不同选材参数之间的规律,建立系泊系统自动化设计方法,选用遗传算法作为算法基础,实现方案的智能优选,进行了有效的探索研究;开发了系泊系统自动化设计的自主程序,完成了典型的单根系泊缆的单点系泊系统以及多段组成风分布式系泊系统的研究,验证了方法的可行性,为系泊系统的自动化设计这一技术问题提供了解决方法与工程的应用手段。     

IAP-DecPreS年代际气候预测系统及其预报技巧

针对未来1~10 a气候状态的近期气候预测(年代际预测)是当前国际气候领域的研究热点。本文综述了中国科学院大气物理研究所发展的基于耦合气候系统模式的年代际气候预测系统IAP-DecPreS相关的研究进展。IAP-DecPreS系统的核心部分是耦合模式海洋分量初始化方案,“集合最优插值-分析增量更新”(EnOI-IAU)方案,该方案将集合最优插值(EnOI)和增量分析更新(IAU)结合起来,能够同化原始的海洋次表层温度廓线观测资料,对耦合模式进行初始化。系统的年代际回报试验表明,IAP-DecPreS对太平洋年代际振荡和大西洋多年代际变率的预测技巧与耦合模式比较计划第五阶段(CMIP5)技巧较高的模式相当。IAP-DecPreS系统被广泛应用于气候预测相关研究,包括火山气溶胶对年代际预测技巧的影响,全场同化和异常场同化两种不同的初始化方法对ENSO、印度洋偶极子模态和印度洋洋盆模态等的预测技巧的影响。最后,结合国际发展态势,对未来IAP-DecPreS的发展进行了讨论。     

Preliminary evaluations of FGOALS-g2 for decadal predictions

The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Grid-point Version 2 (FGOALS-g2) for decadal predictions, is evaluated preliminarily, based on sets of ensemble 10-year hindcasts that it has produced. The results show that the hindcasts were more accurate in decadal variability of SST and surface air temperature (SAT), particularly in that of Nin o3.4 SST and China regional SAT, than the second sample of the historical runs for 20th-century climate (the control) by the same model. Both the control and the hindcasts represented the global warming well using the same external forcings, but the control overestimated the warming. The hindcasts produced the warming closer to the observations. Performance of FGOALS-g2 in hindcasts benefits from more realistic initial conditions provided by the initialization run and a smaller model bias resulting from the use of a dynamic bias correction scheme newly developed in this study. The initialization consists of a 61-year nudging-based assimilation cycle, which follows on the control run on 01 January 1945 with the incorporation of observation data of upper-ocean temperature and salinity at each integration step in the ocean component model, the LASG IAP Climate System Ocean Model, Version 2 (LICOM2). The dynamic bias correction is implemented at each step of LICOM2 during the hindcasts to reduce the systematic biases existing in upper-ocean temperature and salinity by incorporating multi-year monthly mean increments produced in the assimilation cycle. The effectiveness of the assimilation cycle and the role of the correction scheme were assessed prior to the hindcasts.     

The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land system model, Spectral Version 2: FGOALS-s2

The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Spectral Version 2 (FGOALS-s2) was used to simulate realistic climates and to study anthropogenic influences on climate change. Specifically, the FGOALS-s2 was integrated with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to conduct coordinated experiments that will provide valuable scientific information to climate research communities. The performances of FGOALS-s2 were assessed in simulating major climate phenomena, and documented both the strengths and weaknesses of the model. The results indicate that FGOALS-s2 successfully overcomes climate drift, and realistically models global and regional climate characteristics, including SST, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation. In particular, the model accurately captures annual and semi-annual SST cycles in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and the main characteristic features of the Asian summer monsoon, which include a low-level southwestern jet and five monsoon rainfall centers. The simulated climate variability was further examined in terms of teleconnections, leading modes of global SST (namely, ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillations (PDO), and changes in 19th–20th century climate. The analysis demonstrates that FGOALS-s2 realistically simulates extra-tropical teleconnection patterns of large-scale climate, and irregular ENSO periods. The model gives fairly reasonable reconstructions of spatial patterns of PDO and global monsoon changes in the 20th century. However, because the indirect effects of aerosols are not included in the model, the simulated global temperature change during the period 1850–2005 is greater than the observed warming, by 0.6°C. Some other shortcomings of the model are also noted.     

基于GIS的水系提取方法与分析

通过利用ArcView和Erdas软件分别进行了矢量与栅格文件的处理，讨论并实现了从DEM获取各级水系的长度、数目、密度及流域面积等参数，同时计算了水系的分形维数。为进行更进一步的水系分析奠定了基础。     

贵州修文红黄铝土矿地质地球化学特征及成因意义

红黄铝土矿位于黔中修文铝土矿成矿带,矿体产于石炭系下统九架炉组,呈似层状、层状产于寒武系中-上统娄山关组白云岩之上,石炭系下统摆佐组灰岩之下,矿床成因类型为古风化壳沉积型。矿石自然类型以碎屑状为主。含铝岩系中主量元素以Al_2O_3、SiO_2、TFe_2O_3及LOI(烧失量)为主,BaO、K_2O、Na_2O、P_2O_5等含量相对较低, SiO_2、TFe_2O_3与Al_2O_3呈不显著的负相关关系,TiO_2与Al_2O_3呈显著的正相关关系;微量元素Zr、Sr、V、Li、Ga、Sc等含量相对较高,Sn、Ta、W、Be、Pb、Cs等含量相对较低;环境敏感要素Th含量及Th/U比值表明铝土矿主要形成于半咸水-淡水沉积环境,成矿作用可能是由沉积混杂和风化沉积作用形成;Sr/Ba比值表明铝土矿经过海陆交互沉积。含铝岩系中ΣREE值较高,ΣLREE/ΣHREE比值为1.4■5.71,表现为轻稀土比重稀土富集,具有δEu负异常、δCe异常不明显的特征。含铝岩系Ce/Ce*=1.0■2.8,平均1.91,表明含铝岩系主要形成于富氧的沉积环境。综合研究表明,本区寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩为铝土矿提供了丰富的成矿母质,古喀斯特岩溶盆地为铝土矿沉积提供了有利场所和剥蚀风化条件,后期构造作用和风化淋滤作用造成硅铁流失和铝的富集,最终形成优质铝土矿床。     

冬季海温-春季副高-夏季旱涝的季度效应

本文通过冬季黑潮海域海温与亚洲中、南部环流各月参数相关计算和感热释放参数计算以及华北平原夏季旱涝的环流分析,指出: 1.冬季黑潮海温在海气相互作用中的重要一点是对春季亚洲副高起加强作用; 2.冬季黑潮海温感热释放直接影响春季副高脊线的连续演变,冬季海温—春季副高存在季度热效应; 3.春季亚洲副高系统的调整直接影响华北平原夏季旱涝,春季副高—夏季华北旱涝存在季度相关效应。最后给出了应用十年效果良好的夏季降水予报方程。     

环流相关预报应注意的几个问题

环流统计相关作长期天气预报是目前气象台站主要方法之一。着眼于大气环流天气学方法,并用环流特征参数为因子作数学统计,这必须注意到,大气环流预报要求各环流系统之间相互配合,各天气系统之间作为一个整体对预报对象以作用,而数学方法则要求在计算时各因子之间尽可能相互独立、互不相关,若有几个因子(区域)互有相关,最好择取其一、实际上在同一时间(月、旬、候)天气图上,各天气系统之间(特