芽孢杆菌HBS4还原亚硒酸钠为单质硒的实验研究

利用从油藏中分离的芽孢杆菌HBS4在兼性厌氧情况下作用于剧毒物质亚硒酸钠,36 h后1～11mM的样品中均出现了大量红色颗粒沉淀物.生物显微镜观察发现,在很多细菌内部出现一颗到多颗红色的圆形颗粒,排列方式有单链、双链、弧线和无规则排列,并且在细胞周围释放有游离态的红色颗粒.XPS测试红色沉淀物发现四价硒全部还原为零价硒.实验还发现添加葡萄糖对单质硒的产量有很大的促进作用.     

Conversion and degradation of crude oil by Bacillus SP3

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the basic characteristics of Bacillus SP3 and evaluate its effect on different crude oils. Strain SP3 is a motile, gram-positive, spore-producing rod that was isolated from a reservoir of the Shengli oil field in East China. The cells of strain SP3 grew at high temperatures up to 58℃ at the pH range of 5.5–8.5. Strain SP3 grew facultatively and could use different organic substrates, and produce some metabolites such as 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, methyl-2-nitrogen benzene and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis ester. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that the strain converted and degraded different components and changed the physical and chemical properties of crude oils. Strain SP3 degraded crude oil and the growth of bacteria on crude oil resulted in loss of aromatic hydrocarbons, resins and asphaltenes. The bioconversion of crude oils would lead to an enrichment in lighter hydrocarbons and an overall redistribution of saturate hydrocarbons. The interactions of microorganisms with crude oils are variable, depending on the microbial species and the chemical compositions of crude oils.     

生物在锰成矿过程中的作用

锰是一种亲生物的元素，在锰成矿过程中，生物作用不可忽视。“有机质－金属”体系对锰矿床的形成具有重要的成因和地球化学意义，尤其是锰的氧化细菌和还原细菌是锰矿石建造形成的发展的主要和普遍存在的因素。     

辽宁王家崴子金矿床地球化学研究

王家崴子金矿床赋存于辽南古元古代浅变质岩系中。矿床的微量元素、稀土元素及稳定同位素地球化学天空表明,成矿元素和成矿热液具有多来源,盖县组地层和岩浆水分别是主要的矿源层和成矿流体;中生代的构造岩浆活动导致金的多次富集;成矿主要集中于燕山期。王家崴子金矿床是具有多来源的岩浆热液型矿床。     

湖润锰矿床的元素地球化学特征

湖润锰矿床锰矿石包括两种类型：原生碳酸锰矿石和次生富集的氧化锰矿石。本文主要结合该矿床的分布与地质特征,研究了微量元素和稀土元素的地球化学特征。研究结果表明,从原生带到氧化带,随着氧化程度的升高,与Ｍｎ成类质同像的Ｃｏ,Ｎｉ,Ｐｂ和Ｚｎ等微量元素的含量都随着锰含量的增加而增加,其富集系数也相应地增大;同时,稀土元素的总量也呈增加趋势而且氧化带比原生带更富轻稀土元素。     

微生物地质技术及其应用前景

在分析和总结微生物地质技术研究现状和应用前景的基础上,分析和探讨微生物的特性及其作用机理,为我国矿床研究、低品位和难选矿石的选治及其它研究领域提供了一种生物学方法。     

王家崴子金矿床中矿物标型特征研究

研究了王家崴子矿床的金矿物特征,确定了围岩和不同矿化期的黄铁矿和石英的标型特征,提出了判别围岩和矿石的矿物学标志。     

矿物光电子-微生物体系重金属离子价态调控及其环境效应研究进展

本文综述了典型污染区重金属离子赋存状态与环境风险评价、环境微生物多样性等环境质量因子的关系及其对土壤功能的影响;重点介绍了微生物源电子、半导体矿物光电子对重金属离子的价态调节双向控制;总结了电子穿梭体、空穴捕获剂等小分子有机物对光电子还原重金属离子的影响及机制,以及半导体矿物光电子、重金属价电子协同微生物对重金属离子的还原氧化效率与价态调控;分析了微生物及其表面基团对重金属离子的矿化与转化作用,以及微生物界面固定转化在土壤重金属污染修复中的作用。本综述可为进一步研究微生物和半导体矿物光电子协同作用对重金属离子的定向调节、电子转移途径、晶相转化机制提供指导,对深入探讨光-半导体矿物-重金属离子-微生物多相复杂体系的交互作用具有重要的环境学意义。     

Nonequilibrium thermodynamic model of manganese carbonate oxidation

Manganese carbonate can be converted to many kinds of manganese oxides when it is aerated in air and oxygen.Pure manganese carbonate can be changed into Mn3O4 and γ-MnOOH,and manganese carbonate ore can be converted to MnO2 under the air-aerating and oxygen-aerating circumstances.The oxidation process of manganese carbonate is a changing process of mineral association,and is also a converting process of valence of manganese itself.Not only equilibrium stat,but also nonequilibrium state are involved in this whole process,This process is an irreversible heterogeneous complex reaction,and oberys the nonequilibrium thermodynamic model,The oxidation rate of manganese cabonate is controlled by many factors,especially nonmanganese metallic ions which play an important role in the oxidation process of manganese carbonate.