Interannual Climate Variability of the Past Millennium from Simulations

The interannual variability of global temperature and precipitation during the last millennium is analyzed using the results of ten coupled climate models participating in the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3. It is found that large temperature(precipitation) variability is most dominant at high latitudes(tropical monsoon regions), and the seasonal magnitudes are greater than the annual mean. Significant multi-decadal-scale changes exist throughout the whole period for the zonal mean of both temperature and precipitation variability, while their long-term trends are indistinctive. The volcanic forcings correlate well with the temperature variability at midlatitudes, indicating possible leading drivers for the interannual time scale climate change.     

青海湖北岸土壤温度变化特征

利用1981-2008年刚察站0～320cm逐月平均土壤温度资料和2001-2008年逐日土壤温度观测资料,分析了青海湖北岸土壤温度变化特征、气候突变和异常年份.结果表明:各层年、季平均土壤温度呈现为极显著的升高趋势,升温率为0.25～0.91℃.(10a)-1;月平均土壤温度呈波形变化,位相随深度增加而滞后;日平均土壤温度呈正弦曲线变化;1月和10月随着深度的增加,土壤温度逐渐增大,4月和7月土壤温度随深度增加而减小;14:00时土壤温度随着深度增加逐渐下降,2:00时、8:00时和20:00时土壤温度随着深度增加而升高;除冬季5cm和15cm,秋季40cm平均土壤温度变化相对平稳,未出现突变现象外,其余各层年、季平均土壤温度均发生了突变;15cm、20cm、40cm、160cm和320cm年平均土壤温度均在20世纪80年代出现了异常偏冷,春季平均土壤温度出现了异常偏暖现象,其余各季和年平均地均表现为异常偏冷.     

九江市蓼花剖面末次冰期中晚期沉积的粒度端元特征与气候变化

鄱阳湖湖滨地区广泛分布着晚第四纪风沙沉积序列。在星子县沙岭沙山进行野外调查后选择蓼花剖面开展工作,测试了地质时代和粒度,对粒度结果使用端元分析模型进行研究,探讨该区域末次冰期中晚期的气候变化规律。结果显示：该剖面由湖相-古土壤-沙丘砂等沉积相叠覆堆积组成,形成于末次冰期中晚期（48.8—17.1 ka）。端元分析模型将粒度数据分解出3个不同的粒度端元,不同端元组分在垂向上呈峰谷交替的旋回变化,EM1代表粉砂端元组分,峰值对应湖相和古土壤发育时期;EM2和EM3代表中砂—粗砂端元组分,峰值对应沙丘砂发育期,这些峰谷交替变化的规律指示了末次冰期的季风演变以及气候波动变化,万年尺度上表现为LH10 (48.8—39.9 ka)和LH3～LH5 (28.1—17.1 ka)的冬季风强盛期,分别对应深海氧同位素的MIS3b和MIS2阶段。LH6～LH9 (39.9—28.1 ka)为温暖的夏季风时期,对应深海氧同位素的MIS3a阶段。这些变化与YZ洞石笋氧同位素以及格陵兰冰心有良好的对应,与全球气候变化基本一致。     

渤海地区平台结构设计环境条件选取分析

随着平台的使用年限增长,环境条件随着海洋环境的变化而变得日益恶劣,对于渤海地区,提出了是否采用100年一遇环境条件替换50年一遇环境条件进行结构设计.经过对渤海地区的部分中心平台和井口平台50年/100年环境条件对比分析,提出了对于渤海地区海上平台结构采用100年一遇环境条件替换50年一遇环境条件.     

Regional-scale surface air temperature and East Asian summer monsoon changes during the last millennium simulated by the FGOALS-gl climate system model

The spatial patterns and regional-scale surface air temperature （SAT） changes during the last millennium,as well as the variability of the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） were simulated with a low-resolution version of Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land-Sea-ice （FGOALS-gl） model.The model was driven by both natural and anthropogenic forcing agents.Major features of the simulated past millennial Northern Hemisphere （NH） mean SAT variations,including the Medieval Climate Anomaly （MCA）,the Little Ice Age （LIA） and the 20th Century Warming （20CW）,were generally consistent with the reconstructions.The simulated MCA showed a global cooling pattern with reference to the 1961-90 mean conditions,indicating the 20CW to be unprecedented over the last millennium in the simulation.The LIA was characterized by pronounced coldness over the continental extratropical NH in both the reconstruction and the simulation.The simulated global mean SAT difference between the MCA and LIA was 0.14°C,with enhanced warming over high-latitude NH continental regions.Consistencies between the simulation and the reconstruction on regional scales were lower than those on hemispheric scales.The major features agreed well between the simulated and reconstructed SAT variations over the Chinese domain,despite some inconsistency in details among different reconstructions.The EASM circulation during the MCA was stronger than that during the LIA The corresponding rainfall anomalies exhibited excessive rainfall in the north but deficient rainfall in the south.Both the zonal and meridional thermal contrast were enhanced during the MCA.This temperature anomaly pattern favored a stronger monsoon circulation.     

过去2000年全球典型暖期特征与机制的模拟研究

本文利用美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)的通用地球系统模式(Community Earth System Model,简称CESM)的低分辨率版本(CESM1.0.3,T31_g37)在国际国内率先进行了多组过去2000年瞬变积分模拟试验,在与历史重建资料和观测资料进行对比验证的基础上,对过去2000年中的典型暖期(中世纪暖期与现代暖期)的特征和成因机制进行了初步探讨,结果表明:中世纪暖期太阳辐射加强是导致其“暖化”的主要原因之一,而温室气体浓度的激增是现代全球变暖的最主要原因;在中世纪暖期,自然因子(包括太阳辐射和火山活动)对降水量的影响之和比温室气体的影响高一个数量级;而在现代暖期,温室气体对降水量的影响比自然因子(包括太阳辐射和火山活动)对降水量的影响之和高一个数量级;在不同外强迫条件下的海表温度变化在热带太平洋区域截然不同,即自然因子影响下为类-拉尼娜态,而温室气体影响下为类-厄尔尼诺态;无论在中世纪暖期还是现代暖期,相对于1000～1850年的平均情况,沃克(Walker)环流均处于增强状态.     

近61 a黄河流域霜冻日期时空分异特征及影响因素

深入研究黄河流域霜冻演变规律,可为科学防范霜冻危害,促进气候资源合理开发利用提供依据。基于1960—2020年黄河流域83个气象站点统计资料,采用Mann-Kendall突变检验、Morlet小波分析和相关分析等方法,对黄河流域霜冻日期时空变化特征及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：（1） 1960—2020年黄河流域平均初霜日期为10月8日,终霜日期为4月30日,平均无霜期161 d。61 a来初霜日以2.51 d·(10a)^-1的速率推迟、终霜日以-2.07 d·(10a)^-1的速率提前,无霜期以4.48 d·(10a)^-1的速率显著延长。20世纪70年代初霜日最早,终霜日最晚,无霜期最短,21世纪10年代初霜日最晚,终霜日最早,无霜期最长。（2） 小波分析表明,黄河流域初、终霜日和无霜期均存在28 a左右的主周期变化。初霜日于2002年发生突变,终霜日于2000年突变,无霜期突变发生于2001年。（3） 从空间分布来看,由上游、中游到下游地区初霜日逐渐延迟,终霜日逐渐提前,无霜期日数逐渐延长。初霜日在流域各地均呈推迟趋势,终霜日仅在西南部合作、久治站呈推迟趋势,无霜期在各地均呈延长趋势,下游地区初霜日和无霜期变化幅度最大。（4） 黄河流域初、终霜日和无霜期主要受海拔高度和日平均气温的影响。     

Impact of the Kuroshio Current on the South China Sea based on a 115 000 year diatom record

We used the tropical oceanic planktonic diatom species Nitzschia marina, Rhizosolenia bergonii and Azpeitia africana/Azpeitia neocrenulata, most commonly found in the surface sediments of the northeasternmost South China Sea (SCS) where the Kuroshio Current enters the SCS through the Bashi Strait north of Luzon, to analyse the influence of the the Kuroshio Current on the SCS. The impact of the Kuroshio Current seems to be relatively strong during major warm periods and, to a lesser degree, in minor warm periods during the last 115 000 years. The strongest influence took place during the main part of the Holocene and during the very late phase of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e. It is possible to distinguish two magnitudes of change in the impact of the Kuroshio Current on the SCS: large changes occurred at shifts between glacial and interglacial conditions, while smaller changes seem to have recurred in both glacial and interglacial episodes as well as during the Holocene. Climatic/oceanographic changes and sea‐level variations were possibly the two most important mechanisms for the varying influences of the Kuroshio Current on the SCS. The interaction between the Kuroshio Current and monsoon‐related processes may also have played a role. However, because of restricted knowledge of the present‐day Kuroshio Current and the absence of a modern analogue to the ancient SCS due to the marked changes in palaeogeography, this relationship is difficult to establish. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A terrestrial record of Last Interglacial climate preserved by voluminous debris avalanche inundation in Taranaki,New Zealand

At Airedale Reef, western North Island, New Zealand, a ca. 4 m thick volcanogenic debris avalanche deposit has facilitated the preservation of an enveloping sequence of peats with interbedded andesitic tephras spanning marine isotope (MIS) 5. The sequence closely overlies a wave‐cut terrace correlated to MIS 5e and, in turn, is overlain by andic beds with tephra interbeds including the Rotoehu and Kawakawa tephras deposited during early MIS 3 and mid‐MIS 2, respectively. Pollen analysis of the organic sequence shows a coherent pattern of fluctuating climate for the Last Interglacial–Last Glacial transition that corresponds with marine isotope stratigraphy and supports the contention that orbital variations were a primary factor in late Quaternary southern mid‐latitude climate change. A five‐stage subdivision of MIS 5 is clearly recognised, with marine isotope substage (MISS) 5b drier than MISS 5d, and the cooling transition from 5a to MIS 4 also may have been comparatively dry and characterised by natural fire, perhaps associated with volcanism. Several other examples of volcanic impact on vegetation and the landscape are evident. The Airedale Reef sequence exhibits strong similarities with fragmentary MIS 5 pollen records preserved elsewhere in New Zealand and enables the proxy record of southern mid‐latitude climatic variability during the Last Interglacial–Glacial cycle to be extended. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

JYZ11A钻孔记录的居延泽演化历史

我国内陆干旱区在末次冰期(含深海氧同位素第3阶段)是否存在古大湖近年来持续存在争论.居延泽是黑河的尾闾湖之一,位于我国典型干旱区,是开展这项研究的理想区域.依据居延泽盆地最低处的JYZ11A钻孔(全孔长61.13m,本文侧重上部27m岩芯),使用石英光释光测年获得3个可靠释光年龄并据此建立年代框架.全孔10cm间距测量沉积物粒度,钻孔上部16.7m以2cm间距测量低频磁化率,本文侧重分析JYZ11A钻孔上部10m的指标记录.综合岩性地层、沉积物粒度分布特征和粒度、磁化率指标记录,并与前人已有研究进行对比,本研究发现末次冰期时居延泽盆地主要堆积棕色冲洪积物和风沙沉积物,早全新世为风沙沉积,中全新世出现浅灰色湖相沉积与风沙交替沉积,而稳定湖泊只在约3ka时才逐渐形成,可能存在多次湖面波动并留下古湖岸堤.因此,居延泽盆地在末次冰期包括深海氧同位素第3阶段晚期并不存在稳定大湖.居延泽早全新世干涸、中晚全新世湖泊较稳定发育的全新世成湖模式与季风区湖泊演化模式明显不同,而与许多中亚干旱区的湖泊、风成沉积等古环境记录相似,它们可能共同指示了一种有别于中国季风区的全新世区域湿度演化模式.