西安市山区资源优势与经济开发

西安市南部为秦岭山脉北坡,经济封闭落后,与西安市区形成鲜明对照。本文据山区土地,气候、林特和水资源特点提出用生态学的观点建设山区;以林为主,林牧农并举,建立生态型大农业;发展农产品加工业、采矿业、旅游业、乡镇企业和商品生产;产业结构应采取林牧-工业型。加强山区与平原区的横向联系,走服务城市,富裕山区的道路。     

VB环境下积木式工业测量系统的数据通讯

工业测量系统是测量技术较新的应用领域,国内已有多家单位从事该系统的研究和开发。而两台或多台测角设备同时与一台计算机的数据通讯,是组建该系统的关键技术。本文首先简要介绍了数据通讯和VB中的MSComm控件,然后以TM5100A电子经纬仪和EltaC20A全站仪为例,重点论述了“多对一”式的数据通讯流程和方法。该方法简便而有效,用简单的控件和程序代码即可实现测量数据的实时采集与入库存储,能成功实现系统所要求的通讯功能。     

基于工业通讯和云主机的地下水监测系统设计

当前,高速发展的物联网和云计算技术为工业、农业、生活等多方面带来了革命性升级。该文设计的地下水监测系统可利用工业通讯技术自动采集传感器中的数据,形成基于OPC规范的数据集,并被云主机的组态软件引用和记录,实现地下水信息存储至服务器的功能。该系统对数据采集和传输技术进行了优化升级,极大提高单服务器控制的监测点数量,具备实现大规模动态监测的能力,以满足对地下水环境信息数据的需求。     

基于新闻中地名共现网络的中原城市群中尺度结构特征探测

本文以中原城市群为研究区,构建了新闻中地名共现网络,并搭建了探测城市网络社区结构和核心-边缘结构的方法框架。结果表明：①中原城市群被划分为5个社区,省级界线在虚拟网络空间城市的交互中起到了较大的阻碍作用;②在河南省城市所组成的核心-边缘结构中,核心城市围绕郑州呈斜"L"形分布;③中原城市群内郑州的中心地位较突出,洛阳的副中心地位不明显,整体多中心水平较低。基于以上结果,本文从区域规划、城市角色定位等方面给出了建议,对于中原城市群的一体化集成与发展有一定的促进作用。     

长三角扩容背景下的浙江省发展潜力分析

城市综合发展潜力的定量测算,能够有效预见城市发展趋势,发现社会发展和基础设施中存在的短板,对城市的规划布局与决策制定具有借鉴意义。本文以浙江省为例,结合社会经济数据与夜光灯光数据,基于城市综合发展潜力评价指标体系,采用加权主成分TOPSIS模型,得到全省11市2000~2019年近20年来的城市发展潜力时空演变情况。研究结果表明:从时序变化来看,浙江各市的综合发展潜力排名均存在上下波动情况,其中杭州、宁波、衢州和丽水相对稳定,而温州和舟山的波动趋势较为明显;从空间演变上看,浙江各市综合发展潜力不平衡,整体上北强南弱,浙北的杭、甬作为引擎城市,带动舟山、嘉兴等市形成一体化发展,而以温州为代表的浙南5市发展潜力较差。根据研究结论,本文从外部的区域协作与内部的发展形态两方面对浙江发展提出相应政策建议,以期缩小各市发展差距,改变北强南弱的发展现状。     

Policy goals,partisanship and paradigmatic change in energy policy – analyzing parliamentary discourse in Germany over 30 years

The successful implementation of the Paris Agreement requires substantial energy policy change on the national level. In national energy policy-making, climate change mitigation goals have to be balanced with arguments on other national energy policy goals, namely limiting cost and increasing energy security. Thus far, very little is known about the relative importance of these goals and how they are related to political partisanship. In order to address this gap, we focus on parliamentary discourse around low-carbon energy futures in Germany over the past three decades and analyze the relative importance of, and partisanship around, energy policy goals. We find that the political discourse revolves around four, rather than three, goals as conventionally assumed; improving the competitiveness of the national energy technology industry is not only an additional energy policy goal, it is also highly important in the political discourse. In general, the relative importance of these goals is rather stable over time and partisanship around them is limited. Yet, a sub-analysis of the discourse on renewable energy technologies reveals a high level of partisanship, albeit decreasing over time. Particularly, the energy industry goal’s importance increases while its partisanship vanishes. We discuss how these findings can inform future energy policy research and provide a potential inroad for more ambitious national energy policies.

Key policy insights

• In addition to the three classic goals of energy policy (limiting cost, securing access and reducing the environmental burden) we identify a fourth policy goal: strengthening the national energy technology industry

• Conformity between the three classical energy and the industrial policy goals is a key driver explaining policy change

• For renewable energy technologies, partisanship around this fourth goal is lower than around other goals and decreases over time as innovation allows these technologies to increasingly correspond to policy-makers’ high-level goals

• Extant research underestimates the importance of industry policy goals, but overestimates environmental co-benefits of low-carbon energy options

• Paradigmatic policy change in Germany did not depend on top-down shifts in high-level policy goals but was driven by lower-level technology-specific goals

     

基于空间与产业分解视角的川藏铁路沿线经济差异分析

以规划建设中的川藏铁路沿线地区为研究区域,使用2000―2015年人口、地区生产总值与构成等数据,采用Nich指数、Theil指数与Gini系数分别测度经济相对发展速度和空间、产业视角下的经济差异。结果表明：近15年川藏铁路沿线地区经济发展强劲,增速高于全国平均水平,但具有明显的阶段性变化特征,藏东地区外援型经济的特点使其2012年后的增速回落与川西地区相比更为和缓。空间视角下,2000―2015年沿线地区经济差异经历“增大―缩小―再增大―再缩小”过程,经济发展总体趋于协调。藏东、川西两地区内部差异是区域经济差异存在的根源,其对总差异的贡献率高于94%,且藏东地区内部经济差异大于川西地区。产业分解视角下,川藏铁路沿线地区经济差异呈“增大―减小―再增大”态势。三大产业的差异依次为第三产业>第二产业>第一产业,相应的对总差异的贡献率亦依次为第三产业>第二产业>第一产业,但第二、第三产业贡献率差距呈缩小趋势。产业集中效应主导区域经济差异的变化,第二和第三产业（尤其是第三产业）在区域上的集聚是区域经济差异扩大的决定性因素。     

中国高技术产业集聚的就业效应研究——基于空间面板的实证分析

产业集聚的就业效应既是一个复杂的理论问题,也是一个不可回避的现实问题。该文基于中国2004-2011年高技术产业的省级面板数据,应用空间计量模型探讨了高技术产业集聚与就业水平之间的关系。研究结果表明,高技术产业就业水平与产业集聚之间存在着倒U形关系,即产业集聚达到门槛值之前,集聚对就业水平具有正效应,但跨越门槛值之后,随着集聚程度的不断提高,就业水平会呈现下降的趋势。此外,分行业高技术产业的门槛值不尽相同,相同集聚程度下,不同产业可容纳的就业量也存在着很大的差异。     

利用地理国情普查数据浅析滨海新区产业格局

地理国情普查成果的应用是地理国情普查的重要任务之一。本文介绍了地理国情普查数据用于分析区域产业格局的一般技术思想和流程,并利用天津市地理国情普查数据对滨海新区的产业格局进行了综合分析,结果表明,在滨海新区的金融服务业、交通运输和仓储产业、高新技术产业是支柱性产业,这与滨海新区的发展定位是一致。     

Resource Peripheries and Neoliberalism: the Pilbara and the remaking of industrial relations in Australia

How mining companies overcome the problems faced by the fixity of resources and how they might come to exercise influence in societies which appear to be mostly post-industrial are complex questions of political geography. This is not least the case for a region such as the Pilbara—an iron ore site isolated from metropolitan centres—in Australia—a country isolated from many global centres and markets. At the same time, local struggles in this resources site have been profoundly influential in the making of a national neoliberal industrial relations agenda. Building on other scholarship on the Pilbara, but here re-emphasising the local scale and the details of work and regulation, provides a way to assess the place's wider importance. The Pilbara is a site of thoroughly transformed industrial relations, from a union space when export mining began in the 1960s to an employer stronghold today. Policy makers delivered changes to facilitate the remaking of employer power in workplaces in and beyond mining. This resource periphery has therefore been central to the remaking of national policy regimes.