基于空间与产业分解视角的川藏铁路沿线经济差异分析

以规划建设中的川藏铁路沿线地区为研究区域，使用2000―2015年人口、地区生产总值与构成等数据，采用Nich指数、Theil指数与Gini系数分别测度经济相对发展速度和空间、产业视角下的经济差异。结果表明：近15年川藏铁路沿线地区经济发展强劲，增速高于全国平均水平，但具有明显的阶段性变化特征，藏东地区外援型经济的特点使其2012年后的增速回落与川西地区相比更为和缓。空间视角下，2000―2015年沿线地区经济差异经历“增大―缩小―再增大―再缩小”过程，经济发展总体趋于协调。藏东、川西两地区内部差异是区域经济差异存在的根源，其对总差异的贡献率高于94%，且藏东地区内部经济差异大于川西地区。产业分解视角下，川藏铁路沿线地区经济差异呈“增大―减小―再增大”态势。三大产业的差异依次为第三产业>第二产业>第一产业，相应的对总差异的贡献率亦依次为第三产业>第二产业>第一产业，但第二、第三产业贡献率差距呈缩小趋势。产业集中效应主导区域经济差异的变化，第二和第三产业（尤其是第三产业）在区域上的集聚是区域经济差异扩大的决定性因素。

Analysis of regional economic disparities along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway based on the perspective of spatial and industrial decomposition

The areas along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway， which is under comprehensive planning and construction， was selected as the study area in this paper. Based on the data collected from field surveys of population， regional gross domestic product （GDP） and industrial structure during 2000―2015， Nich index was used to measure the relative development of the economy， and Theil index and Gini coefficient were respectively used to analyze the changes of regional economic disparity from the perspectives of space and industry. The following conclusions can be drawn： The economy along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway has developed rapidly in the past 15 years， and the growth rates were higher than the national average level. However， they had obvious characteristics of staged changes. Compared with the decline of economic growth in Western Sichuan， the decline in Eastern Tibet was more moderate after 2012， because of the foreign aid economy. From the spatial perspective， the economic disparity in the study areas had increased， decreased， increased and decreased， and economic development was tending to be coordinated. The internal disparity was the root cause of regional economic disparity， and the contribution of internal disparity to the total economic disparity was over 94%. The internal economic disparity in Eastern Tibet is greater than it in Western Sichuan. From the perspective of industrial decomposition， the economic disparity along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway had increased， decreased， and increased. The disparity between the three industries was the tertiary industry > the secondary industry > the primary industry， and the contribution rate to the total disparity was the tertiary industry > the secondary industry > the primary industry， too. However， the gap between the contributions of the secondary industry and the tertiary industry was narrowed. The regional concentration effect dominated the changes in the overall economic disparity. It can be identified that the change in regional concentration effect of the secondary and tertiary industries， especially the tertiary industry， was a decisive factor in the overall change of economic disparity.