澳门环境与可持续发展

影响澳门发展的环境因素有 :地少人多 ,淡水资源缺乏 ,小区环境污染等。但澳门有着优越自然条件 ,地位特殊 ,交织着东西方的文化色彩 ,是联系欧、非的桥头 ,发展前景非常好。如果澳门利用好自己的优越条件 ,按可持续发展的思路建设 ,克服不利因素 ,开发离岛 ,拓宽旅游环境 ,则澳门一定会成为更富饶美丽的海滨城。     

Recent floods in Bangladesh: Possible causes and solutions

In recent years the frequency of abnormal floods in Bangladesh has increased substantially, causing serious damage to lives and property. The most crucial questions that need to be addressed are: what really causes the havoc-creating floods and is there any solution to the problem? The heavy monsoon downpour and synchronization of flood-peaks of the major rivers are generally considered to be the main causes of the floods. Some underlying factors also deserve serious consideration as possible contributors to the recent floods: change in the base level of the rivers due to local sea level rise and subsidence, inadequate sediment accumulation on flood plains, a possible increase in the watershed area due to seismic and neotectonic activities in the region, river bed aggradation due to siltation and damming of rivers, soil erosion due to unwise tilling practices, deforestation in the upstream region, and excessive development and population growth. Without regional cooperation among the co-riparian nations any major interbasin flood control activity is considered to be almost impossible. However, among other proposals in this paper, extensive annual dredging of the rivers, channels and creeks, and reoccupation of the abandoned channels in Bangladesh through re-excavations could still increase the water carrying capacity of the rivers. Land elevations could be increased if the dredged or excavated materials are dispersed on the flood plains, which would in turn reduce the severity of floods.     

“八五”勘查技术进步

本文系统的介绍了“八五”期间中国地质勘查技术院在航空物探技术、地面物探技术、井中物探技术、化探技术以及遥感地质技术所取得的勘查技术进步。     

跨界城市的发展和规划问题初探

在我国，城市跨界发展是近几年才出现的城市空间类型，它们主要是由传统计划经济体制下以切块设市方式形成的城市发展演变而来，其中以长江三角洲、珠江三角洲等经济发达地区为突出。跨界城市的发展向传统的以城市为主体，以物质形态规划为核心的城市规划提出了挑战，本文以苏锡常地区为例，分析了跨界城市发展的若干特征与问题，并对其规划发展进行了初步的探讨。     

The participation of core stakeholders in the design of,and challenges to,the US Clean Power Plan

We examine the participation of stakeholders in the rule-making process leading to the design of the US Clean Power Plan (CPP), which was the cornerstone regulation developed during the Obama administration to lower GHG emissions from power plants in the US. Using publicly available information, we identify the core stakeholders that participated in the different stages of the rulemaking process, from the early draft of the rule to its publication in final form, and examine variables that could help explain their decisions to litigate, either against or in favour of the final version of the rule. We show that the ‘pro-CPP’ stakeholders were (a) more likely to participate during the early stages of the rule-making process, attending meetings with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) staff to discuss rule content, and (b) less likely to get involved during the litigation process. ‘Anti-CPP’ stakeholders, on the other hand, did the opposite, being in general less active during the rulemaking stages, and more active during the litigation stage. However, we also find that the ‘anti-CPP’ stakeholders were more tightly organized as a coalition when compared to the ‘pro-CPP’ stakeholders throughout the process (even in the early stages when they participated less). Our results shed new light on the way advocacy coalitions operate in the climate policy subsystem in the US, and help inform debates about the likelihood of conflict and cooperation across a variety of environmental policy topics.

Key policy insights

• The design of the Clean Power Plan was a long and contentious process in which ‘Pro’ and ‘Anti-CPP’ coalitions operated to support and undermine the rule, respectively.

• ‘Pro-CPP’ stakeholders were more active in meetings organized to discuss the CPP with EPA staff, and in submitting written comments.

• ‘Anti-CPP’ stakeholders were more active during litigation, in response to perceived EPA overreach in designing the rule and negative financial impacts on states’ economies.

• Joint participation by ‘Anti-CPP’ stakeholders in meetings conveyed by the EPA to discuss the potential content of the rule helps explain their joint litigation efforts, which hints at their considerable capacity to self-organize as a coalition throughout the process.

     

《巴黎协定》特设工作组适应信息通报谈判的最新进展和展望

适应信息通报作为《巴黎协定》下联结国家个体适应行动、全球适应目标以及全球集体适应努力的纽带,是目前《巴黎协定》特设工作组（APA）下唯一的适应议题,会对未来全球适应气候变化的政策和行动产生较大影响。本文总结了APA适应信息通报的谈判进程和最新进展,梳理了不同缔约方和谈判集团对适应信息通报目的、内容、报告渠道、指南和灵活性的立场和观点,展望了适应信息通报未来的谈判走势。中国与大多数发展中国家相比,开展适应行动及提供信息报告的能力较强,在适应信息通报谈判中立场相对灵活,但未来在有关适应的资金支持谈判等方面仍面临着压力,建议推动和深化适应气候变化领域南南合作以团结更多发展中国家,促进全球适应行动,回应发展中国家的关切。     

中小城市应急联动指挥系统构建及分析

本文以实际开发的警务GIS系统为例,介绍了GIS在应急联动指挥系统(110、119等)中的应用,重点探讨了系统间通信、报警点定位、最短路径、案发地周围环境获知,以及应急预案管理等几个关键性问题。最后,提出了因地制宜在中小城市发展GIS应急指挥系统的思路。     

宁夏“九五”与“十五”前兆观测系统整合

对宁夏地震局"九五"前兆仪器进行网络化改造,在确保"九五"观测系统正常的前提下,根据"九五"前兆台站的具体类型,提出"九五"前兆台站(仪器)与"十五"前兆台网的整合方案,完成宁夏地震局"九五"与"十五"前兆观测系统的并轨,以发挥前兆台网的整体优势。     

Comparative review of marine mammal guidance implemented during naval exercises

This article reviews the types and effectiveness of marine mammal mitigation measures used during some naval activities worldwide. The three main standard methods used to mitigate the potential impacts of naval sonar sound on marine mammals are (1) time/area planning (of exercises/active sonar use) to avoid marine mammals; (2) implementation of operational procedures (e.g. ‘soft start’ - where sound levels are gradually increased over time); and (3) monitoring of animals for the purpose of maintaining an ‘exclusion zone’ around the sound source. Suggestions towards a minimum worldwide mitigation standard are made.     

湖南资水流域综合治理与开发雏议

本文从资水流域的现状出发,分析了当前治理中存在的主要问题,提出上游蓄水、中游治旱、下游防洪、陡坡还林、缓坡改梯、改革低产、优化结构、持续发展的综合治理方针,并具体规划了该区域综合治理与开发的总体和近期目标。