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101.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive presentation and interpretation of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and its numerical implementation. The EnKF has a large user group, and numerous publications have discussed applications and theoretical aspects of it. This paper reviews the important results from these studies and also presents new ideas and alternative interpretations which further explain the success of the EnKF. In addition to providing the theoretical framework needed for using the EnKF, there is also a focus on the algorithmic formulation and optimal numerical implementation. A program listing is given for some of the key subroutines. The paper also touches upon specific issues such as the use of nonlinear measurements, in situ profiles of temperature and salinity, and data which are available with high frequency in time. An ensemble based optimal interpolation (EnOI) scheme is presented as a cost-effective approach which may serve as an alternative to the EnKF in some applications. A fairly extensive discussion is devoted to the use of time correlated model errors and the estimation of model bias.Responsible Editor: Jörg-Olaf Wolff 相似文献
102.
The effect of the long‐period filter cut‐off, Tc, on elastic spectral displacements is investigated using a strong ground‐motion database from Europe and the Middle East. The relation between the filter and oscillator responses is considered to observe the influence of Tc for both analogue and digital records, and the variations with site classification, magnitude, filter order and viscous damping. Robust statistics are derived using the re‐processed European data to generalize the effects of the long‐period filter cut‐off on maximum oscillator deformation demands as a function of these seismological and structural features. Statistics with a 95% confidence interval are derived to suggest usable period ranges for spectral displacement computations as a function of Tc. The results indicate that the maximum period at which spectral displacements can be confidently calculated depend strongly on the site class, magnitude and filter order. The period range where reliable long‐period information can be extracted from digital accelerograms is twice that of analogue records. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
103.
The use of riparian vegetated filter strips to reduce river sediment loads: an overestimated control measure? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The spatially distributed soil erosion and sediment delivery model WATEM/SEDEM was used to simulate the impact of riparian vegetated filter strips (RVFSs) on river sediment delivery at different spatial scales. For a field plot with a straight slope, sediment reduction by the RVFSs is comparable to results obtained through experimental set‐ups elsewhere (i.e. >70%). However, at the scale of an entire catchment, sediment reduction is much less (i.e. ±20%) due to (1) overland flow convergence, which reduces the sediment trapping efficiency of an RVFS, and (2) because part of the sediment bypasses the RVFSs through ditches, sewers and road surfaces. These results suggest that, at the catchment scale, RVFSs should be accompanied with other conservation techniques that are more appropriate for reducing river sediment loads, and that also reduce on‐site soil erosion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
104.
简要介绍了纤维束过滤器的工作原理,针对原水水质及用户对水质的要求,设计了用纤维束过滤器去除黄河水浊度的处理工艺,提出了纤维束过滤器的运行参数,分析了纤维束过滤器对黄河水浊度的去除效果. 相似文献
105.
Wavelet filter analysis of atmospheric pressure effects in the long-period seismic mode band 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The importance of the reduction of atmospheric pressure effects becomes very clear when investigating seismic normal-mode spectra below 1.5 mHz. The usual simple correction method consists in subtracting a term converted from local atmospheric pressure (pressure multiplied by a frequency-independent admittance) from the gravity record in time domain. Thus, estimating an efficient admittance is the key for an improved correction. Band-pass filters derived from dyadic orthogonal wavelet transform, having narrow pass-bands with good frequency response but without Gibbs phenomenon and causing no phase lag, are very helpful to estimate an efficient admittance, which is both time and frequency-dependent. Processing of high quality superconducting gravimeter (SG) records for the great Sumatra earthquake (Mw = 9.3, Dec 26, 2004) with wavelet filters reveal the three very well resolved splitting singlets of overtone 2S1 with a single gravity record after correction with time-dependent and frequency-dependent admittances. We also observe all coupled toroidal modes below 1.5 mHz, except 0T5, 0T7 and 1T1, with good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); moreover, toroidal modes 1T2 and 1T3 are for the first time unambiguously revealed in vertical components. 相似文献
106.
107.
两种渐消滤波与自适应抗差滤波的综合比较分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
给出了两种渐消滤波解及其相应的原则,介绍了自适应抗差滤波原理和相应的解,分别从原理和解的表达式上分析了两种渐消滤波和自适应抗差滤波解算的基本性能。利用一个实际算例比较了渐消滤波与自适应抗差滤波解在控制状态异常影响方面的能力。 相似文献
108.
从均方根信息滤波和平滑的基本原理出发.结合卫星定轨的实际特征.导出了其在精密定轨软件中实现的详细公式;针对均方根滤波的特点,提出了快速高效地探测和修复GPS观测数据中周跳的新方法。利用实测星载GPS数据验证了基于均方根滤波的质量控制算法的可靠性.得到了有益的结果。 相似文献
109.
UKF滤波器性能分析及其在轨道计算中的仿真试验 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
讨论了UT(unscented transform)变换的性质,给出了一种新的扩展型卡尔曼滤波器UKF(unscented Kalman filter),它不仅具有较高的精度,而且不必计算偏导数阵。仿真分析的结果表明,UKF有良好的状态估计性能,使用简便,适合于非线性系统状态估计。 相似文献
110.
分别利用多通道Gabor滤波器和马尔可夫随机场模型对纹理图像进行分析,得到两组特征影像。将上述两组特征影像进行融合,最后利用融合后的数据实现图像的分类。实验证明,基于上述方法的纹理特征融合分类算法大大提高了图像的分类精度。 相似文献