基于综合生物标志物响应评价苯并芘对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)的毒性效应

苯并[a]芘(Ba P)是一类典型多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物。为了定量评价Ba P对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)的毒性效应,采用水体暴露实验,研究了脊尾白虾肝胰脏、肌肉组织的5种生物标志物(EROD、GST、SOD、CAT、MDA)对Ba P暴露的响应,并应用综合生物标志物响应(IBR)定量评价了Ba P对肝胰脏、肌肉组织的毒性差异。结果显示:肝胰脏、肌肉组织的EROD、GST、SOD、CAT活性整体呈现诱导-抑制的规律性变化,除了0.05μg/L实验组CAT外,其余各实验组肝胰脏组织生物标志物活性在实验结束时均显著高于对照组(P0.05),除了0.45μg/L实验组EROD、CAT外,其余各浓度组肌肉组织生物标志物活性在实验结束时均与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05),MDA含量呈现持续上升的趋势,在实验结束时各实验组均显著高于对照组(P0.05);IBR值存在时间效应和剂量效应。研究结果表明,肝胰脏、肌肉组织对Ba P的暴露响应存在差异性,肝胰脏生物标志物综合应激活性高于肌肉组织。     

EROD activities of liver in Mugil so-iuy exposed to benzo (a)pyrene, pyrene and their mixture

Abstract-The effects on hepatic EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase) in Mugil so-iuy exposedto benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), pyrene and their mixtures of equal concentration were investigated, at con-centrations of 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 50.0 μg/dm~3, in experimental condition. Time-effects and dose-response of the biochemical indexs were observed. The results showed that the hepatic EROD activitieswere induced by the exposure of BaP, pyrene and their mixtures at high concentration. Dose-responseconnections were that the hepatic EROD activities were elevated with increasing concentration of the pol-lutants. The combined effect of BaP and pyrene at 1:1 concentration ratio on hepatic EROD activity wasantagonism.     

海水中多环芳烃的暴露浓度对鲈鱼体内脂质过氧化程度的影响

本文以鲈鱼为实验材料，以鲈鱼体内的丙二醛含量为指标研究了在水样中16种多环芳烃组分和外加芘为实验试剂的条件下，鲈鱼体内不同器官、组织的脂质过氧化程度的变化．实验结果表明：（1）在鲈鱼鳃、全血中的丙二醛浓度较高，而肝脏的丙二醛浓度较低。（2）水样中多环芳烃及外加芘的暴露能导致鲈鱼肝的丙二醛浓度升高，这表明多环芳烃以及芘的暴露能引起鲈鱼肝内脂质过氧化程度的提高。（3）水体中多环芳烃及外加芘浓度的变化对鲈鱼肝的丙二醛浓度的影响具有可逆性，且鲈鱼肝的丙二醛浓度与水环境的多环芳烃（包括芘）暴露浓度呈良好的正相关关系。这说明：鲈鱼肝的丙二醛浓度可作为指示水环境的多环芳烃污染程度的指标。由于生物体内的丙二醛浓度受多种因素的影响，在使用丙二醛浓度指标来指示海洋环境的多环芳烃污染时。最好与其他指标配合使用，以更准确地指示海洋环境多环芳烃污染。     

Induction of cytochrome P4501A and biliary PAH metabolites in European eel Anguilla anguilla: Seasonal, dose- and time-response variability in field and laboratory conditions

Induction of cytochrome P4501A in fish is a well-known indicator of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and determination of PAH metabolites in bile by fixed wavelength fluorescence (FF) or synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS), has become an useful method in monitoring programs. In this work the relationship between cytochrome P4501A (EROD activity) and levels of biliary PAH metabolites was measured in the European eel Anguilla anguilla, in both field and laboratory conditions: organisms were sampled on a seasonal basis from the Orbetello lagoon (Tuscany) to characterize the natural variability of these biological parameters, while in laboratory eels were intraperitoneally injected with benzo[a]pyrene to investigate temporal and dose-dependent induction patterns. Results showed that induction of cytochrome P450 and accumulation of PAHs metabolites in bile are not necessarily correlated either in field, or in laboratory investigations; different seasonal changes were measured in natural conditions and slight variations in dose and time response patterns were also obtained in laboratory exposures.     

短程选择离子扫描气相色谱-质谱法检测水中15种半挥发性有机物

通过优化色谱分离条件,改进质谱扫描方式,建立了气相色谱-质谱快速测定水中15种半挥发性有机物的方法。采用多梯度升温,缩短了色谱运行时间,可在17 min内完成检测;采用短程选择离子扫描方式,提高了方法的灵敏度,获得了较低的检出限和较高的回收率。方法检出限均低于1.0 ng/L,回收率为78.0%~103.0%。     

一株芘降解菌Bacilluscereus Py5的分离鉴定

为了研究蜡状芽孢杆菌的筛选、鉴定及对四环多环芳烃芘的降解性能。通过富集驯化培养,从红树林污泥中分离到一株以芘作为唯一碳源与能源的高效菌株PY5,经过形态观察、生理生化与16S rDNA鉴定, PY5属于蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),同时对该菌株降解芘性能进行了系统研究。结果表明,B.cereus对50mg/L芘的21d降解率为65.8%,投加Tween-80、葡萄糖、水杨酸、Fe3+、Mn2+等基质可以不同程度强化降解芘的能力,其中投加葡萄糖+Fe3++Mn2+的混合液对B. cereus降解芘的强化效果最好, 21 d的芘降解率可达到81.4%,相对于不加共代谢底物时提升15.6%,表明外加C源与酶活诱导因子对高分子质量多环芳烃污染降解具有一定的促进作用。     

Analysis of community structure of a microbial consortium capable of degrading benzo(a)pyrene by DGGE

A microbial consortium was obtained by enrichment culture of sea water samples collected from Botan oil port in Xiamen, China, using the persistent high concentration of a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons enrichment strategy. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to investigate the bacterial composition and community dynamic changes based on PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes during batch culture enrichment. Using the spray-plate method, three bacteria, designated as BL01, BL02 and BL03, which corresponded to the dominant bands in the DGGE profiles, were isolated from the consortium. Sequence analysis showed that BL01, BL02 and BL03 were phylogenetically close to Ochrobactrum sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas fluorescens, respectively. The degradation of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a model high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (HMW PAH) compound was investigated using individual isolates, a mixture of the three isolates, and the microbial consortium (BL) originally isolated from the oil port sea water. Results showed that the order of degradative ability was BL > the mixture of the three isolates > individual isolates. BL degraded 44.07% of the 10 ppm BaP after 14 days incubation, which showed the highest capability for HMW PAH compound degradation.Our results revealed that this high selective pressure strategy was feasible and effective in enriching the HMW PAH-degraders from the original sea water samples.     

A laboratory and field comparison of sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioaccumulation by the cosmopolitan estuarine polychaete Streblospio benedicti (Webster)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioaccumulation by the polychaete worm Streblospio benedicti (Webster) was measured under exposure to PAH-contaminated sediments in the field and for 28 d in the laboratory. Streblospio benedicti collected from field sediments contaminated at 2.94, 1.07, and l.52 μg g⁻¹ fluoranthene (FLU), benz[a]anthracene (BAA), and benzo[a]pyrene (BAP), bioaccumulated those PAHs at 1.53, 0.215, and 0.332 μg g⁻¹, while worms isolated from less contaminated field sediments (0.399, 0.228, 0.288 μg g⁻¹ FLU, BAA, and BAP) had FLU, BAA, and BAP body burdens of 0.543, 0.236, and 0.083 μg g⁻¹. Worms incubated for 28 d in PAH-spiked sediments (1.52, 0.991, 0.504 μg g⁻¹ FLU, BAA, and BAP) bioaccumulated those PAHs at 0.382, 0.966, and 0.602 μg g⁻¹, respectively. Data normalization to organism lipid and sediment organic carbon (biota-sediment accumulation factors [BSAFs] strongly suggest that Streblospio PAH bioaccumulation was directly related to percent sediment organic carbon, but BSAFs were substantially lower than predicted by equilibrium partitioning theory. BSAFs decreased with increasing PAH log K_ow, in worms collected from field sediments, but in spiked sediments BSAFs increased with increasing PAH hydrophobicity. This disparity may have been caused by insufficient spiked-sediment equilibration time (1.5h) in the case of the laboratory test sediments.     

Effects of benzo（a）pyrene exposure on the antioxidant enzyme activity of scallop Chlamysfarreri

Scallop Chlamys farreri was exposed to different concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (0.5 μg/L, 1.0 μg/L, 10.0 μg/L and 50.0 μg/L) for 30 days in seawater. The 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was significantly induced, and increased with the increasing BaP concentration. The glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities increased in short time at low concentration of BaP, and was significantly depressed at high concentr...