The Origin and Tectonic Setting of Precambrian Greywacke of Ribandar‐Chimbel,Goa, India: Petrological and Geochemical Evidence

The Precambrian greywacke of Ribandar‐Chimbel belonging to the Sanvordem Formation of the Goa Group, India, has been studied for petrography and analyzed for major trace elements. The greywacke is characterized by angular to sub‐round grains of quartz, feldspar, biotite, chlorite and clay minerals. The abundance of clay in the matrix seems to have influenced the Al₂O₃ content and the K₂O/Al₂O₃ ratio. The variation diagrams indicate a decreasing trend of TiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ and MgO; whereas Na₂O and CaO exhibit a scatter which could be a result of the variable presence of feldspar within the sediments. The immobile elements, vanadium (25 to 144 ppm), nickel (up to 107 ppm) and chromium (up to 184 ppm), reflect abundance of clay minerals. The greywacke shows strongly fractionated REE patterns with La_N/Yb_N = 8 to 26 and with higher total REE abundances (up to 245 ppm). The low REE enrichment and depletion in heavier REE with prominent negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*= 0.54 to 0.79) suggest a derivation of the greywacke from an old upper continental crust composed chiefly of felsic components. Petrological evidence and geochemical data suggest that the deposition of the greywacke largely took place in a deep to shallow basin that progressively changed from that of a continental island arc to an active continental setting.     

内蒙古林西地区晚二叠世林西组碎屑岩成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响

通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜以及岩石物性分析等方法,对内蒙古林西地区晚二叠世林西组碎屑岩成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响进行了系统研究,结果表明该地区林西组地层碎屑岩成岩作用主要为压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用及溶蚀作用。砂岩胶结物主要为黏土矿物、硅质矿物及碳酸盐矿物3种,其中黏土胶结物出现最多,以伊利石为主,绿泥石次之;碳酸盐胶结物以方解石为主;硅质胶结主要表现为石英次生加大和自生微晶石英。有机质镜质体反射率(Ro)、泥岩伊利石/蒙皂石(I/S)中的S(%)含量、石英次生加大级别、颗粒接触类型、伊利石结晶度等多项数据指标显示林西地区林西组碎屑岩处于晚成岩阶段。储层物性与成岩作用密切相关,压实作用、胶结作用使储层孔隙度和渗透率降低;溶蚀作用使储层孔隙度提高。     

碳酸盐岩断层破碎带构造成岩作用——以塔中Ⅰ号断裂带为例

多旋回叠合盆地断层具有异常复杂的构造变形与成岩演变,跨学科结合的构造成岩作用研究为断层破碎带演变机制与流体-岩石作用分析提供了新思路。结合塔中Ⅰ号断裂带构造解析和地化资料分析,探讨古老碳酸盐岩断层破碎带构造成岩作用的特殊性。结果表明,塔中Ⅰ号断裂带上奥陶统台缘带碳酸盐岩断层破碎带发育多类、多期构造成岩作用,明显不同于围岩。断层破碎带宽度高达2~4km,裂缝类型多样、纵横向变化大、开启程度较高。沿断裂带压实作用较弱且有差异,发现有碳酸盐岩压实变形带发育,并有后期裂缝与溶蚀作用形成的局部高渗透带。断层破碎带观测到多期压溶低角度缝合线与高角度构造缝合线,部分具有渗透性。多达4~5期不同类型胶结作用沿裂缝带发育,大气淡水胶结较多,胶结程度相对较弱。准同生期大气淡水溶蚀与局部风化壳岩溶主要沿断层破碎带发育,而且埋藏溶蚀作用较强,发育大型缝洞体与溶蚀孔洞。构造成岩作用揭示塔中Ⅰ号断裂带东段上奥陶统碳酸盐岩断层破碎带经历断裂萌芽期-形成期-定型期-复活扩张期-局部开启期等5期演变,不同演化期构造成岩作用有明显差异。构造成岩作用的多期差异活动是造成古老碳酸盐岩断层破碎带复杂性的重要因素。     

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆油田长81段储层物性影响因素

在综合大量样品测试数据与图像的基础上,研究了华庆油田长81段储层特征和物性影响因素。研究表明:砂岩岩性以中细砂岩与细砂岩岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主,储集空间以剩余原生粒间孔和长石溶孔为主。孔隙类型以中孔隙和小孔隙为主,优势孔隙具有双孔隙结构特征。储层类型为低孔特低渗-超低渗岩性油藏,储层孔喉半径与物性具有正相关的分带性。沉积作用-成岩作用共同影响着储层的发育特征,较好的物性发育在中粒岩屑长石砂岩、细-中粒岩屑长石砂岩与细粒岩屑长石砂岩的砂体中,压实作用使原生孔隙度损失21.92%,胶结作用使原生孔隙度损失8.61%,溶蚀作用使孔隙度提高了4.46%。继续研究沉积和成岩作用对储层物性特征的影响,将有利于认识和处理同类储层的勘探开发。     

四川盆地东部地区大安寨段页岩气(油)储层特征

以岩心观察描述、野外剖面观测和薄片鉴定为基础,综合利用地质、钻井、孔渗等资料,深入探讨了四川盆地东部地区大安寨段沉积相和储层特征。提出研究区大安寨段沉积相的具体划分方案,认为浅湖生物滩、滩前湖坡和半深湖盆地的相邻产出的过渡部位,是大安寨段发育非均质储层和形成页岩气(油)藏的最佳相带位置;研究区大安寨段储层为特低孔-特低渗、孔隙-裂缝型储层,储集空间主要为裂缝、晶间孔、溶蚀微孔、溶孔及溶洞,其中裂缝对储层的贡献最大,溶蚀孔洞次之;认为压实作用、压溶作用、充填作用、硅化作用和胶结作用是破坏储层储集性能的主要因素,而溶蚀作用和破裂作用是提高和改善储层储集性能的重要因素。综合分析认为,研究区大安寨段储层的发育除了受沉积相、岩石类型、成岩作用及构造作用等因素控制外,还受到泥页岩的有机碳含量、有机质成熟度、脆性矿物含量、厚度和埋藏深度等因素控制。     

南盘江盆地茅口组生物礁碳酸盐岩成岩特征

生物礁油气藏是油气勘探的一个重要目标,其储集性能的好坏是控制它能否成藏的关键。中二叠世南盘江盆地发育以海绵类为主要骨架的生物礁,其经历了海底潜流、淡水、埋藏、表生等成岩环境,最后抬升出露地表遭受侵蚀。所发生的成岩作用主要有:胶结、溶蚀、白云化、硅化以及压实、压溶作用。在前两种环境中,主要是胶结作用,伴随溶蚀,这一阶段储层孔隙性遭到了一定程度的破坏;浅埋藏阶段的胶结最终填满孔隙;而中-深埋藏环境下的有机流体充注溶蚀以及相应发生的白云岩化作用有效改造了储层的孔隙性,该区处于埋藏条件下的台缘生物礁是有利的油气勘探目标。     

四川盆地河坝地区下三叠统嘉陵江组气藏储集层沉积特征与成岩作用*

利用录井、测井和地震资料,运用岩心观察、薄片观察以及扫描电镜等方法,结合孔隙度、渗透率、微量元素和同位素分析测试结果,对四川盆地东北部河坝地区下三叠统嘉陵江组二段气藏主要储集层段进行地层对比、沉积特征、储集层特征及成岩作用研究。结果显示:(1)河坝地区嘉陵江组二段顶、底界面特征清楚,可进一步划分为3个亚段,储集层主要发育在嘉二中亚段的白云岩中,总体为局限台地沉积,发育台内滩、潮坪和潟湖等微相,台内滩是储集层发育的最有利沉积微相,主要位于河坝区块的中部;(2)储集岩岩性主要为残余(藻)砂屑白云岩、细粉晶白云岩,孔隙类型主要以晶间(溶)孔和粒内溶孔为主,总体以低孔、低渗的Ⅲ类储集层为主,储集层空间类型主要为裂缝—孔隙型;(3)储集岩的成岩作用类型有泥晶化、溶蚀、胶结、白云岩化、压实压溶和破裂等,储集层的形成主要与准同生期的大气水溶蚀作用、深埋条件下的埋藏溶蚀作用以及构造裂缝的发育有关;(4)准同生期的大气水溶蚀作用是嘉二段颗粒碳酸盐岩孔隙发育的基础,白云岩化、埋藏溶蚀等埋藏成岩作用有利于孔隙的改善,微古地貌高地发育区及断裂、裂缝相对发育区可能为储集层发育有利区。     

Geochemistry of meteoric diagenesis in carbonate islands of the northern Bahamas: 2. Geochemical modelling and budgeting of diagenesis

Geochemical characterization and numerical modelling of surface water and ground water, combined with hydrological observations, provide quantitative estimates of meteoric diagenesis in Pleistocene carbonates of the northern Bahamas. Meteoric waters equilibrate with aragonite, but water‐ rather than mineral‐controlled reactions dominate. Dissolutional lowering of the undifferentiated bedrock surface is an order of magnitude slower than that within soil‐filled topographic hollows, generating small‐scale relief at a rate of 65–140 mm ka^?1 and a distinctive pocketed topography. Oxidation of organic matter within the subsoil and vadose zones generates an average P of 4·0 × 10^?3 atm, which drives dissolution during vadose percolation and/or at the water table. However, these dissolution processes together account for <60% of the average rock‐derived calcium in groundwaters pumped from the freshwater lens. The additional calcium may derive from oxidation of organic carbon within the lens, accounting for the high P of the lens waters. Mixing between meteoric waters of differing chemistry is diagenetically insignificant, but evapotranspiration from the shallow water table is an important drive for subsurface cementation. Porosity generation in the shallow vadose zone averages 1·6–3·2% ka^?1. Phreatic meteoric diagenesis is focused near the water table, where dissolution generates porosity at 1·4–2·8% ka^?1. Maximum dissolution rates, however, are similar to those of evaporation‐driven precipitation, which occludes porosity of 4·0 ± 0·6% ka^?1. This drives porosity inversion, from primary interparticle to secondary mouldic, vug and channel porosity. In the deeper freshwater lens, oxidation of residual organic carbon and reoxidation of reduced sulphur species from deeper anaerobic oxidation of organic carbon may generate porosity up to 0·06% ka^?1. Meteoric diagenesis relies critically on hydrological routing and vadose thickness (controlled by sea level), as well as the geochemical processes active. A thin vadose zone permits direct evaporation from the water table and drives precipitation of meteoric phreatic cements even where mineral stabilization is complete. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

安徽铜陵中生代侵入岩地质地球化学特征再认识及成因讨论

安徽铜陵地区是我国最著名的铜多金属矿产地,岩浆岩出露广泛,岩浆作用与成矿关系密切.作者广泛收集了前人对铜陵地区中生代岩浆岩的研究资料和成果,并在此基础上进行了仔细的岩相学观察和深入的岩石学、岩石化学和微量元素及同位素地球化学研究,系统总结了该区中生代侵入岩的地质地球化学特征,并探讨了其成因机制.研究认为:①铜陵地区中酸性侵入岩形成于晚侏罗世-早白垩世(135 ～ 147Ma),岩浆活动持续时间大约为10～15Ma;岩体沿近东西向深断裂呈带状分布,浅成侵入产出,受多期不同方向和性质的断裂控制.②依据Q-A-P图解确定区内侵入岩主要为辉石闪长岩、石英(二长)闪长岩和花岗闪长岩3类中酸性闪长质岩石,均属亚碱性高钾钙碱性系列.③3类侵入岩具有相似的微量元素、稀土元素和Pb-Sr-Nd-O同位素地球化学特征,反映原始岩浆起源于富集岩石圈地幔,受到壳源物质的混染.④3类侵入岩可能是地壳深部带状岩浆房不同岩浆层中的岩浆与构造运动诱发的深断裂相沟通并随机地上升、脉动式侵位形成的;深部岩浆房中的带状岩浆层可能是由于温度梯度引起扩散对流作用进而发生一定程度的熔离分异作用所致;岩浆演化过程中存在镁铁矿物及磷灰石和锆石等矿物的结晶分异作用.⑤铜陵地区中生代岩浆活动的大地构造背景是大陆板块内部,岩浆作用与晚侏罗纪古太平洋板块的俯冲作用密切相关,但同时受区域前中生代基底构造的制约;侵入岩原始岩浆起源于挤压向拉张转换的动力学背景下的岩石圈地幔加厚之后的减压熔融并底侵下地壳岩石.     

东秦岭尚古寺斑岩钼矿地质特征及成矿潜力分析

尚古寺斑岩钼矿位于东秦岭,为东秦岭地区已知钼矿区的最东部端元。出露面积约1．5km^2,围岩主要为元古代片麻岩和碱流岩。辉钼矿化主要发育在花岗斑岩体的东部和南部区域,花岗斑岩顶部细粒花岗斑岩和其上覆花岗质伟晶岩均呈浸染状矿化,南部角岩发育裂隙矿化。花岗斑岩主体岩性主要矿物组合为石英、钾长石和斜长石,显示具有富硅、富碱和...