流量测井在平凉市西北部供水水文地质勘察中的应用

在水文地质条件比较复杂的甘肃省平凉市西北部地区供水水文地质勘察(详查)中完成的流量测井取得了意想不到的好效果,本文重点对本次流量测井结果的可靠性进行了评价。结论认为流量测井是认识区内水文地质条件较有效的手段,借助流量测井可以在认识区内水文地质条件方面产生较大的飞跃。其成果对今后在该区进行水文地质勘探有现实指导意义。并且本次完成的流量测井具有施测钻孔深度大,研究地层较多的特点,因此本次实践在供水水文地质勘察方面具有一定的代表性。     

长江日流量混沌变化特性研究——Ⅰ相空间嵌入滞时的确定

为了以新途径探索长江水量变化规律并在此基础上做出预测,全面而系统地研究了宜昌站日流量混沌变化特性并建立了新预测模型.重点论述相空间嵌入滞时的确定.分析了传统的自相关函数法和真实矢量场法确定嵌入滞时的优劣,并提出以广义相关函数合理确定嵌入滞时的方法.研究结果表明广义相关函数法是一个合理又可操作的途径.     

乌鲁木齐10号泉流量变化的多尺度小波分析与异常识别

结合10号泉开始观测以来的震例，利用基于小波分析的多尺度分析原理对乌鲁木齐10泉流量的日均值观测序列进行了分析，总结了10号泉流量多尺度分析结果的映震特征。10号泉流量的地震前兆异常绝大多数是高值异常且具有较好的重复性，即一般都是在高值异常结束后几个月之内发生地震，个别情况下地震会发生在高值异常持续时段内。初步可以认定，利用基于小波变换的多尺度分析原理将流量数据分解成若干频段后，能够较好地识别和提取流量原始测值中不易分辨的震前异常。     

Theoretical Study on Stochastic Modeling of Combined Gravity-Magnetic-Electric-Seismic Inversion and Its Application

As gravity field,magnetic field,electric field and seismic wave field are all physical fields,their object function,reverse function and compound function are certainly infinite contiuously differentiable func-tions which can be expanded into Taylor (Fourier) series within domain of definition and be further reduced in-to solving stochastic distribution function of series and statistic inference of optimal approximation,This is the basis of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion built on the basis of separation of field and source gravity-magnetic difference-value(D-value)trend surface,taking distribution-independent fault sys-tem as its unit,depths of seismic and electric interfaces of interests as its corresponding bivariate compound re-verse function of gravity-magnetic anomalies and using high order polynomial(high order trigonometric func-tion)approximating to its series distribution,The difference from current dominant inversion techniques is that,first,it does not respectively create gravity-seismic,magnetic-seismic deterministic inversion model from theoretical model,but combines gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic stochastic inversion model from stochastic model;second,after the concept of equivalent geological body being introduced,using feature of independent variable of gravity-magnetic field functions,taking density and susceptibility related to gravity-magnetic func-tion as default parameters of model,the deterministic model is established owing to better solution to the con-tradictioc of difficulty in identifying strata and less test analytical data for density and susceptibility in newly explored area;third,under assumption of independent parent distribution,a real modeling by strata,the prob-lem of difficult plane closure arising in profile modeling is avoided,This technology has richer and more detailed fault and strata information than sparse pattern seismic data in newly explored area,successfully inverses and plots structural map of Indosinian discontinuty in Hefei basin with combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion,With development of high precision gravity-magnetic and overall geophysical technology,it is certain for introducing new methods of stochastic modeling and computational intelligence and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial path.     

Amplitude—Phase Characteristics of the Annual Cycle of Surface Air Temperature in the Northern Hemisphere

The amplitude-phase characteristics(APC)of surface air temperature(SAT)annual cycle(AC)in the Northern Hemisphere are analyzed.From meteorological observations for the 20th century and meteorological reanalyses for its second half,it is found that over land negative correlation of SAT ACamplitude with annual mean SAT dominates.Nevertheless,some exceptions exist.The positive correlationbetween these two variables is found over the two desert regions:in northern Africa and in Central America.Areas of positive correlations are also found for the northern Pacific and for the tropical Indian and PacificOceans.Southward of the characteristic annual mean snow-ice boundary (SIB) position,the shape ofthe SAT AC becomes more sinusoidal under climate warming.In contrast,northward of it,this shapebecomes less sinusoidal.The latter iS also found for the above-mentioned two desert regions.In theFar East(southward of about 50°N),the SAT AC shifts as a whole:here its spring and autumn phasesoccur earlier if the annual     

荒漠戈壁下垫面表面动量和感热湍流通量参数化研究

用合理筛选以后的野外观测资料，研究了荒漠戈壁地表湍流通量参数化的问题。首先，分析了Monin-obukhov相似函数的特征，并拟台出了其经验公式。结果表明，风速和温度相似性函数随稳定度参数的变化曲线与典型经验曲线差异较小，并且在经验曲线分布范围以内，但中性时的值有所不同。同时，还用该资料给出了动量和标量粗糙度(感热粗糙度)长度的平均值及其标量粗糙度随摩擦速度的变化关系。发现标量粗糙度的平均值大约比动量粗糙度的小一个量级，并且随摩擦速度的增大而减小，但明显比其理论预测值要大。     

IRIS和我们星球表面

地球表层的原动力产生于岩石层对使其变形的驱动力的响应。板块构造理论对海洋岩石层的运动做了很好的解释,海洋岩石层的年龄一般少于200Ma。大陆岩石层典型地记录了十亿年来的地质演化过程。即使是对现代变形,也很难估算大陆岩石层的应力平衡。假使地球应力场可以直接测量,例如,使用钻孔崩裂测量方法,也需要根据岩石层几何形态及物理状态来将这些点上的应力值外推到整个地球。实时形变的GPS测量观测的是瞬时应变场,只有用合适的本构关系才能把它和应力场联系起来。地震数据对调查我们星球表层内过去和现代运动的地下记录是很必要的。岩石层成象是不容易的,垂向和侧向上的强烈变化的范围相当于用来探测地壳结构的地震波长的范围。这些变化改变了地震波的传播途径,在地表记录的地震波场中产生复杂的图象。岩石层的结构可以描绘成一个三维非均匀波谱,这个波谱可延伸的波段很宽,且仅仅是局部稳定的,需要不同的地震探测方法来重建这种复杂的波数谱,即岩石层的结构。反射地震学为识别陆壳的细结构提供了最高分辨率手段,其分辨率在深部地壳大约为数百米,在浅部地壳可达几米。折射地震学为地壳和上地幔地震波速的变化提供了从某种程度上说更粗略一些的测量方法,其分辨率大约为数公里至数十公里,在区域地震台阵中的地方震测量可提供5～10km规模的构造信息,以及高精度的地震活动性图。在线性分布和区域性分布的便携式地震台阵中,远震信号的宽频带测量可提供地壳总体结构的信息,还可提供地幔结构的最高分辨率,通常为30km的大小。用所提供的三种方法来提高分辨率,并结合不同尺度的测量结果是地震研究的重要内容。     

三峡坝区截流期气候背景及径流特征分析

根据宜昌最近四十多年逐日气象资料和一百多年流量资料，详细分析了大江截流期（１０—１２月）坝区的一般气候特征和可能影响施工的气温、降水、风、天气现象等演变规律。最后，着重探讨了坝址在截流期（１１月）的流量和上游汇水区前期降水量的统计关系，并在此基础上建立了流量的长期预报模式     

土壤表面蒸发阻力模型与田间测定方法

土壤表面蒸发阻力是计算土壤蒸发率的关键参数。本文讨论土壤表面蒸发阻力的概念，一层，二层理论模型与经验模型，并以在澳大利亚进行的田测定为例，说明田间测定与计算方法，并以计算沟中的蒸发率为例，介绍其应用方法。     

古洪水流量的误差计算

古洪水研究已在大型工程和长江三峡，黄河小浪底等的设计洪水中得到动用取得了令人虚心成功，但古洪水流量的推求与实测量的计算往往有大的差别，根据随机误差的传播给出了一般情况下的古洪不流量推误差计算公式，以小流底２３６０ａＢＰ古洪水注同误差的计算为例，对最终计算出的古洪水流量成果给出了一个误差范围。