北部湾盆地沟鞭藻类分子化石的分布及成因

北部湾盆地流沙港组二段湖相烃源岩是盆地的主力烃源岩,其中检测到甲藻甾烷和三芳甲藻甾烷,以及丰富的4-甲基甾烷等重要分子化石。通过对北部湾盆地北部地区古近系流二段烃源岩的元素地球化学和有机地球化学特征等分析,研究了富有机质页岩的古氧化还原条件和古盐度,并进行甾类生物标志物对比,探讨了甲藻甾烷,三芳甲藻甾烷和C₃₀-4-甲基甾烷分布特征及其与沟鞭藻的成因关系。研究结果表明:流二段底部富有机质页岩中的C₃₀-4-甲基甾烷和三芳甲藻甾烷丰度呈负相关关系,表明弱还原的淡水—微咸水沉积条件可能不适宜甲藻甾烷和三芳甲藻甾烷的形成,而可以形成高丰度的C₃₀-4-甲基甾烷。油页岩中高丰度的C₃₀-4-甲基甾烷与其较高的成熟度有密切的关系。     

Experimental Study on the Interspecific Interactions Between the Two Bloom-Forming Algal Species and the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

The interspecific interactions between the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and two harmful algal blooms(HAB) species were investigated experimentally by single culture method. B. plicatilis population and the growth of the two algae were compared at different algal cell densities. The results demonstrated that the B. plicatilis obtained sufficient nutrition from Prorocentrum donghaiense to support net population increase. With exposure to 2.5×104 cells mL-1 of P. donghaiense,the number of B. plicatilis increa...     

东海原甲藻线粒体细胞色素b(Cytb)基因的定量检测

建立了检测东海原甲藻线粒体细胞色素b(Cytb)基因mRNA含量的实时荧光定量PCR方法.以甲藻Cytb基因的简并引物扩增得到984 bp长的东海原甲藻Cytb基因片段,经克隆、测序,制备并纯化质粒.以光度法测定质粒浓度并作为标准品.对上述基因片段,利用PRIMER EXPRESS 3.0 设计引物,以梯度稀释的质粒标准品进行定量PCR反应,以SYBR Green I为荧光染料,制作标准曲线,得到基因拷贝数X与Ct值的关系为:Ct=-3.50 lg X+39.35(相关系数r为0.999).通过对不同生长时期的东海原甲藻样品的Cytb基因mRNA含量检测,发现该基因的表达量较稳定,平均值为(45.4±4.7)拷贝/细胞,受生长状态影响不大,可作为实时荧光定量PCR的内参基因.     

Experimental Study on the Interspecific Interactions Between the Two Bloom-Forming Algal Species and the Rotifer Brachionusplicatilis

The interspecific interactions between the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and two harmful algal blooms （HAB） species were investigated experimentally by single culture method. B. plicatilis population and the growth of the two algae were compared at different algal cell densities. The results demonstrated that the B. plicatilis obtained sufficient nutrition from Prorocentrum donghaiense to support net population increase. With exposure to 2.5×10^4 cells mL^-1 of P. donghaiense, the number of B. plicatilis increased faster than it did when exposed to other four algal densities （5, 10, 15 and 20 × 10^4 cells mL^-1）, and the increase rate of B. plicatilis population （r） at this algal density was 0.104 ± 0.015 rd^-1. Cell densities of P. donghaiense decreased due to the grazing of B plicatilis. In contrast, Heterosigma akashiwo had an adverse effect on B. plicatilis population and its growth was largely unaffected by rotifer grazing. In this case, B. plicatilis population decreased and H. akashiwo grew at a rate similar to that of the control.     

楚科奇海和白令海浮游植物的种类组成与分布

根据 1 999年 7月至 8月我国首次北极科学考察期间“雪龙”号考察船在楚科奇海 ( 66°0 .3′N75°1 8.6′N ,1 5 3°36.5′W 1 74°5 9.5′W )和白令海 ( 5 5°5 9.8′N66°0 .3′N ,1 73°2 1 .1′E1 75°5 3.9′W)采集的 5 1份网采样品和 2 4份水采样品 ,鉴定浮游植物 3个门类 38属 1 2 1种 (含变种和变型 ) ,都是真核藻类。其中楚科奇海有 33属 1 0 3种 ,白令海有 2 5属 71种 ,两海区共有种 49种。这些种类可分为 4个生态类群 :( 1 )北极类群 ;( 2 )北极、亚北极北方类群 ;( 3)北方温带类群 ;( 4 )世界性广温类群等。主要优势种有楚科奇海的格鲁菱形藻 (Nitzschiagrunowii)、诺登海链藻(Thalassiosiranordenskioldi)和聚生角毛藻 (Chaetocerossocialis)等和白令海的西氏细齿状藻(Denticulaseminae)、柔弱菱形藻 (Nitzschiadilicatissima)、成列菱形藻 (N .seriata)和长海毛藻(Thalassiothrixlongissima)等。楚克奇海浮游植物的平均丰度 ( 8.32× 1 0 7个 /m3)远高于白令海( 1 .5 8× 1 0 6个 /m3)。文中还讨论了调查区浮游植物的分布特点及其与环境的关系。     

Interspecies competition for nutrients between Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve in mesocosm experiments

Three mesocosm experiments were conducted in the East China Sea during blooms of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu in May of 1998, 2002 and 2003 to examine the role of nutrients in the formation of these harmful algae blooms (HABs). The results showed that there was interspecies competition between P. donghaiense and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. The cell number of P. donghaiense and S. costatum accounted for about 85% and 11% of the total cell number of phytoplankton respectively at the beginning of the experiment in May 1998. In May 2002, at the beginning of the experiment, the cell number of P. donghaiense accounted for 55%—66% of the total and S. costatum accounted for 32%—42%. The density of P. donghaiense and S. costatum was over 95% and 1%—5% respectively in May 2003. The results of these three mesocosm experiments showed that the dominant species in this specific community varied with different nutrient availability. Under lowphosphate conditions, the dominant species was P. donghaiense, while S. costatum became dominant in phosphatereplete cases. The average growth rate (1.08 d-1) of S. costatum in exponential growth phase was higher than that (0.39 d-1) of P. donghaiense. In the mesocosm, S. costatum predominated in the mesocosm by its rapid growth. When phosphorus was depleted, the cell number of S. costatum dropped rapidly, while P. donghaiense Lu decreased more slowly. The results from mesocosm experiment may explain why: (1) P. donghaiense bloom usually occurs in May, when phosphate concentration is low; (2) the bloom of S. costatum appears in early spring and summer time, when nutrients increase with increasing Changjiang River (Yangtze River) runoff; (3) the bloom of S. costatum is short and that of P. donghaiense Lu can last more than a month in the East China Sea.     

Three-dimensional fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter produced by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Prorocentrum donghaiense</Emphasis> Lu

Filtration and cross-flow ultrafiltration techniques were used to separate culture media of Prorocentrum donghaiense at the exponential growth,stationary and decline stages into <0.45 μm filtrate,100 kDa-0.45 μm,10-100 kDa and 1-10 kDa retentate and <1 kDa ultrafiltrate fractions.The fluorescence properties of different molecular weights of dissolved organic matter(DOM) were measured by excitation-emission matrix spectra.Protein-like and humic-like fluorophores were observed in the DOM produced by P.donghai...     

1998年春季珠江口海域大规模赤潮原因生物的形态分类和 …

对１９９８年４月１５日采集于广东珠江口万山群岛网箱养殖区的赤潮新鲜水样和福尔马林固定样品进行赤潮原因生物的形态分类和生物学特征的研究。结果发现,此次赤潮共有７种原因生物,全部属于裸甲藻类,其中最占优种三宅甲藻（Ｇｙｍｎｏｄｉｎｉｕｍ ｍｉｋｉｍｏｔｏｉ）和优势种斯氏多沟藻（Ｐｏｌｙｋｒｉｋｏｓ ｓｃｈｗａｒｔｚｉｉ）。螺旋螺沟藻（Ｇｙｒｏｄｉｎｉｕｍ ｓｐｉｒａｌｅ）的形态分类及生物学特征研究结果     

福建省主要河口海湾沉积物中甲藻休眠孢囊分类学初步研究

通过对福建省厦门湾、闽江口海域、三沙湾三个主要河口海湾144个站位表层沉积物样品中甲藻休眠孢囊的系统分析,根据甲藻休眠孢囊的形状、外壁结构、颜色、表面修饰物等形态特征共鉴定出9属25种及不定种,并对各孢囊属种的特征进行了分类描述,其中有毒甲藻休眠孢囊2种,即Alexandrium minutun,A. tamarense, 有害种类4 种, 即Alexandrium affine,Lingulodiniumpolyedrum,Scrippsiella trochoide.通过对比表明Alexandrium affine,A. minutum,Diplopelta cf. parva,Polykrikos cf. schwartzii,Protoceratium reticulatum,Protoperidinium minutum,P.cf. minutum,P. cf. americanum以及Alexandrium sp.,Protoperidinium sp.1,P. sp.2等11种甲藻休眠孢囊为本次在福建省海域新发现的种,这些新发现的甲藻种类可能是近年来通过国际间往来的航运船只在我国沿岸海域排放压舱水或贝类引种带来的.     

光照和硝酸盐浓度对东海原甲藻和三角褐指藻释放挥发性卤代烃的影响

海洋中产生的挥发性卤代烃(Volatile Halocarbons，VHCs)是氯、溴和碘进入大气的重要载体。海洋藻类能够产生损耗大气中臭氧的VHCs，尤其是海洋微藻已被证明是大气中一些VHCs的主要贡献者。环境因素对海洋微藻产生VHCs的影响研究较少，本文主要研究了光照和硝酸盐浓度对微藻释放VHCs的影响。将海洋微藻东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)置于密封的玻璃容器中，并在不同光照条件(20 μmol/(m2·s)、70 μmol/(m2·s)和140 μmol/(m2·s))及不同硝酸盐浓度(1 mg/L、5 mg/L、10 mg/L和50 mg/L)下进行无菌单种培养，分析碘甲烷(CH₃I)、二溴甲烷(CH₂Br₂)、一氯二溴甲烷(CHBr₂Cl)和三氯乙烯(C₂HCl₃)4种VHCs的生产。采用吹扫?捕集气相色谱技术对其中的VHCs进行提取和分析。结果表明，光照强度和硝酸盐浓度会影响两种微藻对VHCs的释放，但是对不同VHCs的影响效果不同，其中CH₃I的释放受光照强度和硝酸盐浓度变化的影响比较显著。一定范围内，光照强度越大，两种微藻对CH₃I的释放量越大。适当的硝酸盐浓度(> 5 mg/L)在一定程度上促进了两种微藻对CH₃I的释放。