青藏高原新生代两类超钾质岩石的成因——实验岩石学和地球化学约束

青藏高原分布有羌塘—囊谦—滇西和冈底斯两条新生代钾质-超钾质火山岩带。羌塘—囊谦—滇西超钾质岩浆活动的峰值时间为40～30Ma,主体岩石具有Ⅰ型超钾质岩的高MgO和低CaO、Al2O3含量特征;30～24Ma期间羌塘中、西部出现Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆活动,主体岩石以贫SiO2、高CaO、Al2O3和低MgO/CaO为特征。冈底斯新生代超钾质火山岩也显示I型超钾质岩的高MgO和低CaO、Al2O3含量特征,其形成时间为25～12Ma。综合超钾质岩石的实验资料,可知区内I型超钾质岩的源区以富硅、富钾流(熔)体交代形成的金云母方辉橄榄岩为主;Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆源区则以斜辉橄榄岩地幔为主。囊谦—滇西Ⅰ型超钾质岩带空间上严格受红河走滑构造带所控制,40～28Ma出现I型超钾质岩浆活动,16Ma转变为OIB型钾质火山岩。岩浆源区从岩石圈地幔向软流圈演变,暗示大型走滑断裂引起的岩石圈地幔减薄和软流圈上涌是导致交代岩石圈地幔金云母分解熔融产生区内I型超钾质岩浆的主控因素。羌塘中部35～34Ma有软流圈来源为主的钠质碱性玄武岩岩浆的喷发,30～24Ma转变为以岩石圈地幔为主要来源的Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆活动,岩浆源区从软流圈向岩石圈迁移,指示软流圈上涌伴随的富CO2流(熔)体活动是导致古交代岩石圈地幔升温熔融产生Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆的主控因素,软流圈上涌可能是俯冲板片断离或岩石圈地幔拆沉作用的结果。     

甘肃省文县阳山金矿带围岩蚀变地质特征

阳山金矿带位于扬子板块、松潘一甘孜地槽褶皱系和秦岭地槽褶皱系交接的碧口地体北缘的文县弧形构造带内,矿体赋存于泥盆系中统三河口组浅变质碎屑岩建造中。矿体与围岩界线模糊,研究矿区围岩蚀变特征对下步找矿工作有一定的指导意义。     

川西地区热香铜矿矿床地质特征及找矿模型

根据矿床的化学成分特征,成矿构造环境的研究,认为热香铜矿为地壳源区的缺水环境中在板内岩浆作用下花岗岩系列最晚期演化阶段形成的铜矿,它们的形成没有来自俯冲板片的流体参与。     

GPS在胶济铁路勘测定界工程中的应用

根据胶济客运专线工程勘测定界工作的成功施测经验,探讨了GPS在狭长带状工程中的应用。针对狭长带状控制网,探讨了如何合理布设GPS点,使控制网更趋于合理,各项指标更完备,同时最大程度地节省人力、物力和时间。     

碧口古陆周边锰矿找矿分析

前震旦系碧口群,属四川古陆核西北缘,中新元古代发育的岛弧型建造,经晋宁运动碰撞拼贴,组成扬子地台的一部分,本身固结成为古陆。在其周边及东部成带分布了含锰岩系。目前各含锰矿带上的锰矿床,具体层位归属有蓟县纪、震旦纪、寒武纪等之不同认识。经分析研究认为,含锰岩系均属前震旦纪摩大岭复背斜褶皱带（即碧口古陆）之上的盖层型震旦寒武纪沉积,大致应为同一时代,即晚震旦世。由于各带所处地质构造背景、沉积环境的不同,锰矿特征明显有异,南含锰矿带临接扬子地台,为弱还原地质环境相对稳定,以优质锰矿类型为主;北含锰矿带紧邻秦岭地槽,凹陷较深为还原环境,以高磷锰矿为主。在该带含锰岩系的构造岩性有利部位,易形成风化淋积型锰矿床。故在寻找锰矿过程中,应区别对待,注意优质锰矿的辨认,并对本区锰矿找矿标志及找矿方向提出建议。     

古巴前陆盆地三区块油气成藏条件及有利区带预测

古巴前陆盆地三区块是2005年中国石油化工股份有限公司登记的风险勘探开发合同区块,位于墨西哥湾西南部,属古巴西部前陆盆地中租赁区块之一。结合该盆地的勘探现状及盆地内的钻井、物探以及地球化学等相关资料,分析了该盆地的油气成藏条件及其勘探潜力,预测了有利区带。三区块主要发育上侏罗统—下白垩统泥灰岩、泥质灰岩和中—下侏罗统泥页岩两套主要烃源岩,储层以泥晶灰岩、灰岩和砂砾岩为主,区内早期形成的圈闭在造山期基本遭到破坏,有效的圈闭主要形成于古近纪晚期,圈闭类型以背斜、断鼻、断块为主,推测可能发育多套储盖组合。盆地内有两大潜力勘探区域:北部前陆冲断带发育古近系盖层,是下一步勘探的首选区域;南部盆地北缘发育较厚的古近系和新近系,属南部盆地系统,推测是有利远景区。     

箕状断陷湖盆不同构造区带成岩作用特征及差异性研究:以东营凹陷沙河街组为例

东营凹陷在沙河街组沉积期为北陡南缓的箕状断陷湖盆,凹陷内可进一步细分为陡坡带、缓坡带、洼陷带及中央背斜带。在沙河街组成岩演化过程中发育了多种类型的成岩作用,主要包括压实作用、压溶作用、溶解作用、胶结作用等。不同构造区带成岩作用具有明显的差异性,具体表现为:压实作用总体表现为早期压实影响较大,后期较小,但不同构造区带差异明显;胶结作用在不同构造区带碳酸盐胶结胶物含量不同。不同粘土矿物在不同构造区带含量及转化深度不同;溶蚀作用在不同构造区带发育深度不同,从而导致次生孔隙带发育深度均明显不同。不同构造区带成岩作用的差异性导致不同构造区带成岩相带类型、特征不同。详细研究这种差异性对于寻找岩性油气藏具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。     

内蒙古额济纳旗黑大山锑矿化带化探异常特征及其找矿潜力评价

1∶20万区域化探工作在黑大山地区发现了规模较大的Sb、As为主的化探异常,经过异常查证工作,找到了2个锑矿化带。本区处于北山地区的锑矿成矿远景区,成矿地质条件十分有利,具有较大的找矿潜力。     

Structural Evolution of the Eastern Qiulitagh Fold and Thrust Belt,Northern Tarim Basin,China

The eastern Qiulitagh fold and thrust belt (EQFTB) is part of the active Kuqa fold and thrust belts of the northern Tarim Basin. Seismic reflection profiles have been integrated with surface geologic and drill data to examine the deformation and structure style of the EQFTB, particularly the deformational history of the Dina 2 gas field. Seismic interpretations suggest that Dongqiu 8 is overall a duplex structure developed beneath a passive roof thrust, which generated from a tipline in the Miocene Jidike Formation, and the sole thrust was initiated from the same Jidike Formation evaporite zone that extends westward beneath the Kuqatawu anticline. Dongqiu 5 is a pop-up structure at the western part of the EQFTB, also developed beneath the Jidike Formation evaporite. Very gentle basement dip and steep dipping topographic slope in the EQFTB suggest that the Jidike Formation salt provides effective decoupling. The strong deformation in the EQFTB appears to have developed further south, in an area where evaporite may be lacking. Since the Pliocene, the EQFTB has moved farther south over the evaporite and reached the Yaken area. Restoring a balanced cross-section suggests that the minimum shortening across the EQFTB is more than 7800 m. Assuming that this shortening occurred during the 5.3 Ma timespan, the shortening rate is approximately 1.47 mm/year.     

Migration of Depocenters and Accumulation Centers and its Indication of Subsidence Centers in the Mesozoic Ordos Basin

Based on the integrated study of structure attributions and characteristics of the original basin in combination with lithology and lithofacies, sedimentary provenance analysis and thickness distribution of the Mesozoic Ordos Basin, it is demonstrated that the depocenters migrated counterclockwise from southeast to the north and then to the southwest from the Middle-Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous. There were no unified and larger-scale accumulation centers except several small isolated accumulation centers before the Early Cretaceous. The reasons why belts of relatively thick strata were well developed in the western basin in several stages are that this area is near the west boundary of the original Ordos Basin, there was abundant sediment supply and the hydrodynamic effect was strong. Therefore, they stand for local accumulation centers. Until the Early Cretaceous, depocenters, accumulation centers and subsidence centers were superposed as an entity in the southwest part of the Ordos Basin. Up to the end of the Middle Jurassic, there still appeared a paleogeographic and paleostructural higher-in-west and lower-in-east framework in the residual basin to the west of the Yellow River. The depocenters of the Ordos Basin from the Middle–Late Triassic to the Middle Jurassic were superposed consistently. The relatively high thermal maturation of Mesozoic and Paleozoic strata in the depocenters and their neighborhood suggest active deep effects in these areas. Generally, superposition of depocenters in several periods and their consistency with high thermal evolution areas reveal the control of subsidence processes. Therefore, depocenters may represent the positions of the subsidence centers. The subsidence centers (or depocenters) are located in the south of the large-scale cratonic Ordos Basin. This is associated with flexural subsidence of the foreland, resulting from the strong convergence and orogenic activity contemporaneous with the Qinling orogeny.