环渤海区域旅游非均衡发展时空特征研究

受资源禀赋、地理区位、经济水平等因素的影响,环渤海区域旅游发展水平不尽相同,非均衡性问题日益突显,且差距有拉大的趋势。空间自相关是一种空间统计分析方法,旨在探索旅游要素的空间分布规律和作用机制。根据2004—2013年的数据,计算环渤海地区的接待入境旅游人数、国际旅游外汇收入、国内旅游人数、国内旅游收入4组全局Moran’s I值,分析该时期环渤海区域旅游空间集聚演变过程。在局部空间自相关方面,选取2013年截面数据,通过Moran散点图和LISA分析,探究环渤海区域旅游发展相关程度和集聚情况,为区域旅游发展政策制定提供决策依据。     

三江造山带义敦岛弧中段格聂（南）花岗岩体地球化学特征及地质意义

夹持于甘孜—理塘结合带与金沙江结合带之间的义敦弧岩浆岩带上发育了3条纵贯南北的造山花岗岩带,其中:中带形成了由20余个岩体组成的雀而山—格聂花岗岩带和相关的银、锌、铅-锌多金属矿床。本文对格聂(南)花岗岩体进行研究,发现其岩石类型为花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩三类,以二长花岗岩为主体。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明格聂花岗岩的成岩年龄为89.9±3.6Ma。地球化学研究表明,岩石中主量元素化学成分具有富硅、富铝、低钠高钾的特征,为典型的S型花岗岩。铝饱和指数ASI1,指示岩浆源自地壳;(CaO)%/(Na2O)%值等于0.1左右,表明源岩为大陆地壳沉积岩区的泥质岩。稀土总量均值228.83×10-6,稀土配分曲线呈略右倾近直线海鸥型,与地壳熔融型花岗岩形态一致。轻重稀土分馏不明显;铕出现明显负异常(δEu=0.13),显示岩浆分异结晶作用强烈。微量元素蛛网图上明显亏损大离子亲石元素Sr;富集高场强元素U。Rb/Sr平均比值14.97,表明格聂花岗岩的源岩为上部陆壳。结合Rb-(Y+Nb)图解、(Rb/30)-Hf-(Ta×3)图解、R1-R2变异图解,格聂南岩体形成于后碰撞造山环境,应是甘孜-理塘洋盆和金沙江洋盆闭合后,造山后伸展作用活动的产物。     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷深层油气流体相态研究

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷深层(5000m)是我国深层油气勘探当前的一个热点风险领域。为给区域下步油气勘探提供参考,通过对区内烃源岩和油气进行系统的地质地球化学正演、反演对比综合研究,重点分析了油气流体相态。结果表明,研究区深层稳定发育石炭系—二叠系四套烃源岩,有机质丰度高,普遍达到中等—好质量,类型多种多样,既可生油亦可生气,加之所有烃源岩均已基本进入高—过成熟演化,因此深层油气流体相态总体应高熟轻质,可能包括高熟轻质油、干酪根裂解气、油裂解气等。原油地球化学研究表明,原油随埋藏深度增加、层位变老,油质有逐渐变轻的趋势,成熟度有逐渐增大的趋势,保存条件亦逐渐变好,因此预测深层原油油质更轻、成熟度更高、保存条件更好。天然气地球化学研究表明,中浅层天然气可能属于混合来源,包括干酪根裂解气和油裂解气,规模性的高过成熟天然气可能在深层。因此,研究区深层油气资源丰富,相态轻质,成藏有利,值得勘探。这些认识还可供具有相似油气地质背景地区在研究和勘探时类比参考。     

Geochemistry of the Eocene Jijuntun Formation oil shale in the Fushun Basin,northeast China: Implications for source-area weathering,provenance and tectonic setting

Within the fault-bound Fushun Basin of northeastern China, the Eocene Jijuntun Formation hosts extensive deposits of thick lacustrine oil shale. Systematic sampling and geochemical analysis of these deposits has revealed that the parent rocks of the oil shale underwent moderate chemical weathering; and that its mineralogy and trace and rare earth element geochemistry were mainly controlled by parent rock composition, with no synsedimentary changes in the source terrain. Based on source rock and tectonic setting discrimination diagrams, we concluded that the parent rocks of the oil shale were mostly basalts of the Paleogene Laohutai Formation. These basalts originated in a continental back arc environment and contain abundant nutrient elements such as Fe, P, Ni, Cu and Zn, all of which are essential for the growth of aquatic photoautotrophs in lakes. Continuous, high primary productivity in the Jinjuntun lacustrine depocentre, combined with a stable tectonic setting and underfilled sedimentary environment, were key factors in the genesis of its oil shale.     

Evolution of continental crust of the Aravalli craton,NW India,during the Neoarchaean–Palaeoproterozoic: evidence from geochemistry of granitoids

Neoarchaean–Palaeoproterozoic granitoids of the Aravalli craton, represented by four plutons with different ages, viz. Gingla (2.6–2.4 Ga), Ahar River (2562 Ma), Untala (2505 Ma), and Berach (2440 Ma) granitoids, are classified into three suites: TTG-like, Sanukitoid, and High-K Granitoid suite, all exhibiting negative Nb and Ti anomalies. The TTG-like suite is characterized by high contents of SiO₂, Na₂O, and LREEs, high (La/Yb)_N, low contents of K₂O, MgO, Cr, and Ni, and low (Dy/Yb)_N, suggesting that this suite formed by partial melting of a subducted basaltic slab without interacting with a mantle wedge. In contrast, the calc-alkaline Sanukitoid suite is marked by a high content of LILEs and mantle-compatible elements, which indicate that this suite formed by partial melting of a slab-fluid metasomatized mantle wedge in a subduction-related arc environment. On the other hand, the High-K Granitoid suite is characterized by high contents of SiO₂ and K₂O, and low contents of Na₂O, MgO, Cr, and Ni with variable Eu anomaly, along with high (La/Sm)_N and (La/Yb)_N, and low (Dy/Yb)_N and Nb/Th. Some high-K granitoids also exhibit A-type characteristics. These features indicate that the High-K Granitoid suite formed by melting of crustal rocks. Early Neoarchaean continental crust formation reflected a slab-melting-dominated magmatic process as evidenced by the TTG-like suite, whereas Palaeoproterozoic petrogenesis was governed by the interaction of slab melt with mantle wedge as demonstrated by the Sanukitoid suite. The High-K Granitoid suite formed during the waning stages of subduction. This study reveals that granitic rocks of the Aravalli craton evolved from slab melting in the Neoarchaean to melting of mantle wedge in the Palaeoproterozoic. Melting of older crust led to the formation of the High-K Granitoid suite.     

New insights into geochemical behaviour in ancient marine carbonates (Upper Jurassic Ammonitico Rosso): Novel proxies for interpreting sea‐level dynamics and palaeoceanography

Elemental concentrations in Phanerozoic sea water are known to fluctuate both in time and space. With regard to carbonates precipitated from marine fluids, elemental concentrations in the carbonate crystal lattice are affected by a complex array of equilibrium and non‐equilibrium as well as post‐depositional alteration processes. To assess the potential of carbonate elemental chemostratigraphy, seven Upper Jurassic sections were investigated along a proximal to distal transect across the south‐east Iberian palaeomargin. The aim was to explore stratigraphic and spatial variations in calcium, strontium, magnesium, iron and manganese elemental abundances. The epicontinental geochemical record is influenced by the combination of continental runoff and a significant diagenetic overprint. In contrast, the epioceanic geochemical record agrees with reconstructed open marine sea water values, reflecting a moderate degree of syn‐depositional to early marine pore water diagenesis. Establishing a fair degree of preservation of matrix micrite, a thorough statistical approach was applied and elemental associations tested for their environmental significance. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed a persistent relation between carbonate magnesium, iron and strontium abundances. Processes related to early diagenetic nodulation in Ammonitico Rosso facies most probably account for the incorporation of these elements in the calcium carbonate lattice. The clear decoupling of carbonate manganese abundance with respect to the remaining elements is documented and related to high sea floor spreading rates and hydrothermal activity during the Late Jurassic. The investigation of potential time‐fluctuation of geochemical patterns was approached through variogram computation. The observed temporal behaviour is most likely to be forced by relative sea‐level dynamics, reflecting Late Jurassic palaeoceanographic conditions and potential planetary interactions. The data obtained in this study highlight the utility of elemental data from carbonate matrix micrites as geochemical proxies for studying the influence of remote trigger factors.     

Predominance of archaea-derived hydrocarbons in an Early Triassic microbialite

We investigated the distribution of lipids in Lower Triassic sedimentary rocks (252–247 myr) from South China, including a shallow water microbialite in the uppermost section of the outcrop. Archaeal derived hydrocarbons were the major constituents of the microbialite from the latest Early Triassic. Among these, we detected (i) abundant C₄₀ acyclic and monocyclic biphytanes (possibly derived from glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids) and their degradation products, C_30–39 pseudohomologues and (ii) a C₂₅ head-to-tail linked (regular) isoprenoid hydrocarbon [possibly derived from dialkyl glycerol diether lipids (DGDs)] and its degradation products, C_21–24 pseudohomologues and abundant pristane and phytane. Through combination of compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of isoprenoid hydrocarbons, which had average δ¹³C values of −35‰ to −30‰, and their molecular distribution, it was not possible to unambiguously define the archaeal source for the biphytanes in the microbialite. The δ¹³C values for pristane and phytane were similar to those for head-to-tail linked C_21–25 isoprenoids; potential source organisms for these compounds were halophilic archaea. Except for methane seep microbialites, no other ancient or recent phototrophic microbialites have been reported to contain predominantly archaeal isoprenoid hydrocarbons. Our findings suggest the presence of a new type of microbialite.     

The Reliability of Assigned Values from the GeoPT Proficiency Testing Programme from an Evaluation of Data for Six Test Materials that have been Characterised as Certified Reference Materials

Assigned values derived from the GeoPT proficiency testing programme were compared with certified values for six certified reference materials that have been used as test materials in the GeoPT programme. Statistical analysis showed that there were few significant differences between these sets of data and that these differences had no significant impact on the GeoPT assessment when fitness‐for‐purpose criteria were taken into account.     

俄罗斯远东岗仁地体金铜矿床地质、地球化学特征及其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

岗仁地体位于额尔古纳超地体北部边缘,蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造带南部,该区分布着大量的大型、超大型金矿床,这些矿床在成因上与中酸性侵入岩和浅成次火山岩关系密切。岩石地球化学研究表明,花岗闪长岩-闪长岩组合明显富集大离子亲石元素、不相容元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素和重稀土元素。球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式为轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾型,具有微弱的负Eu异常或基本无Eu异常,无Ce异常,元素地球化学性质反映出花岗闪长岩-闪长岩组岩浆具有壳幔混合的特征,且形成于大陆边缘的火山弧环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果揭示,皮奥涅尔金银矿床含矿闪长玢岩的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为113.8±2.0Ma,博尔古利坎铜金钼矿床赋矿二长闪长斑岩的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为112.7±2.8Ma,与皮奥涅尔金银矿床和博尔古利坎铜金钼矿床成矿有关的奥列佳花岗闪长岩体的年龄分别为117.2±1.3Ma和117.0±3.6Ma。由此可知,皮奥涅尔金银矿床和博尔古利坎铜金钼矿床形成于燕山早期,与中国黑龙江地区三道湾子金矿、东安金矿等金矿床形成时代一致。