新疆某地红宝石和蓝宝石矿物学研究

本文系统地研究了新疆某地红宝石和蓝宝石矿床,查明该矿床中红宝石和蓝宝石的粒度、形态、双晶、裂纹,包裹体形态和成分,硬度、密度、多色性、吸收性、Ne和No值,晶胞参数及化学成分等特征,从而为该类矿床的开发利用提供了重要信息。同时,根据这些宝石的物理性质和化学成分上的区别,进一步探讨了呈色机理。     

云南红宝石矿床中镁砂川闪石的发现及其意义

镁砂川闪石是１９８４年在日本发现的 新矿物，在世界上产地很少。本文对其物理性质、化学成分、Ｘ射线粉晶衍射和红外吸收光谱等方面进行了研究。     

Tectonic environments of sapphire and ruby revealed by a global oxygen isotope compilation

Many sapphire and ruby occurrences are spatially linked with orogenic belts such as the Pan-African Orogen, the Himalayas, and regions of active or former subduction along the western margin of the Pacific Ocean. These gemstones have oxygen isotope compositions (δ¹⁸O) that span >45‰, reflecting the wide range of environments and conditions involved in corundum (Al₂O₃) formation. We compiled a global data base of sapphire and ruby δ¹⁸O, from which the following major groups of gemstones emerge: a dominant population of sapphires with δ¹⁸O centred around 5.5‰ (the mantle value) that is spatially related to regions of former subduction; a lesser population of sapphires and rubies with slightly higher δ¹⁸O that are associated with skarn and pegmatite; rubies with relatively low δ¹⁸O of 0‰–7‰ that occur in hydrothermally altered ultramafic metamorphic rocks in collision zones; and rubies with high δ¹⁸O of 14‰–25‰ that are found, almost exclusively, in Himalayan marble. The spatial distribution of the δ¹⁸O groups relative to plate boundaries provides insight into the two major periods of continental collision involved in sapphire and ruby formation: the Ediacaran collision of East and West Gondwana (the East African Orogeny) and the Cenozoic collision of India and Asia.     

充填红宝石的充填特征观察及命名建议

通过显微镜下观察充填红宝石内外部的充填特征、次生玻璃的形态,结合在Diamond View^TM荧光成像仪下观察红宝石基底及次生玻璃体的发光情况,对红宝石中玻璃质材料充填的"量"进行了判断.将红宝石的充填程度分为轻微充填、中度充填、明显充填3等,建议对应定名为红宝石(备注可见轻微充填现象)、红宝石(备注可见中度充填现象)、充填处理红宝石.     

Gem-corundum megacrysts from east Australian basalt fields: trace elements,oxygen isotopes and origins∗

Gem corundum, a minor but persistent megacryst in east Australian basalt fields, is mined from some placer concentrations. Laser ablation, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses and O isotope determinations on a colour range of corundum from different fields, show that chromophore (Fe, Cr, Ti, V) and genetic indicator (Ga, Mg, δ¹⁸O) values can distinguish corundum sources (magmatic, metamorphic and metasomatic) before basalt incorporation. They also characterise corundum groups from different fields. This identified two metamorphic groups, one carrying ruby at Barrington Tops, and a magmatic group distinct from those from other gem fields (lower Fe, northeast Tasmania; higher Fe, Yarrowitch). Ruby-bearing groups show clear provincial characteristics and include lower temperature spinel-facies groups (Barrington, Yarrowitch) and higher temperature garnet-facies groups (Cudgegong–Macquarie River). High Mg/Fe and Ni values in the latter approach those for corundum in diamond, and are a possible diamond indicator. The corundum derived from diverse fold-belt and felsic sources in underlying lithosphere forms a dataset for comparing corundum from other basalt fields.     

鲁西地区“泰山红宝石”的发现及其地质特征

在山东新泰市新太古代泰山岩群变质岩系中,首次发现宝石级红刚玉,又称红宝石,商业名称暂定为"泰山红宝石"。红宝石产于鲁西地区新太古代二长花岗岩的壳源岩石包体之中,包体岩性以黑云更长变粒岩、黑云片岩、角闪石岩、斜长角闪岩、浅绿色含铬二云片岩为主,是新太古代古老地壳的深融残留;红刚玉与浅绿色含铬二云片岩关系密切,推测是新太古代变质岩中原岩残留斑晶矿物。     

大理岩型红宝石矿床的若干问题

大理岩型红宝石矿床是红蓝宝石矿床的最重要类型之一。对此类型矿床与找矿相关的若干问题,长期存在模糊认识。本文经过实际研究和相关文献资料的搜集整理,得出了以下重要结论：大理岩型红宝石矿床产于有深大断裂构造活动的深成造山变质带;矿床成因类型属区域热动力变质型;含矿岩石是钙质结晶大理岩,而非镁质大理岩或镁质矽卡岩;含矿岩石中的角门石为富铝贫硅含铬的钙质问石,而非绿色透闪石。     

红宝石和蓝宝石概述

系统地介绍了红宝石、蓝宝石的主要品种与不同矿区的产地特征,同时论述了红、蓝宝石和相似宝石及仿冒品的主要鉴别标志,并对优化、处理技术、宝石质量评价标准等作了扼要的阐述。     

优化处理红宝石中轻微玻璃态物质的清理实验

针对目前市场上出现的一些因优化处理而产生轻微玻璃残余物的天然红宝石,经适当浓度的氢氟酸(浓度23%)浸泡后,位于红宝石内裂隙和表面凹坑中的轻微玻璃态残余物被溶解,达到清理玻璃态残余物的目的,并利用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)分析含玻璃材料的溶液中Si和Al的浓度分别为28.60μg/mL和2.795μg/mL,进而估算玻璃态残留物的损失量以判定热处理过程中非人为加入的玻璃态物质在红宝石中的充填程度。利用红外光谱仪对玻璃残留物清理前后的红宝石红外光谱进行对比研究得出:清理前,红外光谱显示在1 100~1 000 cm-1内有1个单峰宽谱带,谱峰为1 050 cm-1,是由νas(Si—O—Si)非对称伸缩振动引起的,表明残留物为非晶质体,750~600 cm-1之间位于744 cm-1的吸收峰为νs(Si—O—Si)对称伸缩振动引起;清理后,未检测到玻璃残余物特征的Si—O振动峰,仅具950~600 cm-1范围内的宽谱带,为刚玉Al—O基频振动谱带736、622 cm-1,体现晶质金属氧化物的特征,表明样品中玻璃态物质已被清除,实验后红宝石可被划归为经人工优化范畴。宝石显微镜下观察到清理实验后红宝石中原先被玻璃残余物所掩盖的显著内裂隙及表面凹坑。     

盐浴法红宝石离子扩散优化处理研究

采用盐浴法,对红宝石进行离子热扩散处理,应用XL-30 ESEM型扫描电镜与phoenix能谱仪,对样品进行了形貌和元素测试,分析了盐浴法红宝石离子扩散处理的机理,为红宝石热扩散处理提供一种更好的方法。