一种基于熵权法的小波去噪复合评价指标

传统的评价指标在真值未知的情况下不能满足小波去噪质量评价的要求。为此，借助变化率特征重新构建均方根误差变化量和平滑度变化量两个指标，利用熵权法定权将归一化后的两个指标线性组合，所得到的新指标即为复合评价指标。该方法借助指标的变化率随分解层数的增加表现出明显的收敛特性来确定去噪最优分解层数。实验表明，该方法能够在真值未知的情况下准确地指导小波分解，确定去噪最优分解层数，从而达到最优去噪效果。     

捷联惯性导航系统算法简化机制

随着低精度惯性导航系统的广泛使用,算法简化也成了研究热点。本文通过实验来验证简化导航算法对于不同惯导尤其是低精度惯导的可行性,这对实时性应用有很大影响。通过对以上内容的介绍,希望可以为进一步研究捷联算法、低精度惯导的实时应用提供一定的参考。     

生态系统服务权衡研究进展：从认知到决策

作为沟通自然生态系统与人类社会的重要桥梁,生态系统服务一直以来都是地理学、生态学等学科的研究前沿和热点。正确认知生态系统服务之间的关系,是开展多种生态系统服务可持续管理决策的前提,有助于人类福祉的全面提升。本文通过厘定生态系统服务权衡的概念内涵,梳理了生态系统服务权衡的空间、时间和可逆性特征,将多层次人类福祉的满足作为权衡的最终目标,视生态补偿为权衡决策的基本保障途径。生态系统服务权衡关系的识别依托于定量指标法和综合模型法,且权衡关系可能随时空尺度的推移发生改变;情景分析与多目标分析是生态系统服务权衡决策的有效手段。生态系统服务权衡多尺度关联、生态系统服务流与远程耦合、生态系统服务消费与生态补偿,成为当前生态系统服务权衡研究的重点方向。     

Ecological compensation for desertification control: A review

Desertification control is a crucial way to enhancing the ecological conditions of arid and semi-arid regions, and maintaining sustainable development globally. Designing and improving an ecological compensation mechanism for desertification control has great significance related to achieving balance amongst the needs of different economic subjects and the assurance of a sustained and stable supply of desert ecosystem services. In this paper, (1) the theoretical bases of ecological compensation for desertification control were re-analyzed; (2) the research status and challenges of three important topics related to ecological compensation for desertification control were systemically discussed, including compensation standards, ecosystem service supply-consumption process and multi-scale effects, and resource- environment basis and policy orientation; (3) a research framework of ecological compensation for desertification control based on the process of desert ecosystem service supply–flow–consumption was proposed; (4) and finally, seven priority research issues were discussed, which aimed to support ecological compensation policy-making and ecological engineering implementation for desertification control.     

Eminent domain destroys a community: leveling East Arlington to make way for the Pentagon

This study examines the eminent domain action in 1942 where the federal government took 411 acres of land, including an African American neighborhood, to construct the Pentagon building in Arlington County, Virginia. The Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution acknowledges the right of the federal government to exercise eminent domain where needed for the common good, but requires that property owners be given just compensation. This study explores the issue of compensation: what the residents lost when they were forced to move, how that loss was compensated, and whether the compensation was “just.” The study data include interviews with former residents of the neighborhood, oral histories, land records, census data, photographs, and newspaper articles. The study concludes that the federal government compensated the residents for land and buildings, but was unable to compensate for a lost community. For many residents, that community is mourned even 72 years later.     

长江三峡水坝下游河道悬沙恢复和床沙补给机制

流域水库工程的修建,将改变坝下游原有的水沙输移过程,三峡水库蓄水作用对坝下游水沙输移的影响已初步显现。具体表现为：① 三峡水库坝下游洪水持续时间和流量被削减,下泄沙量大幅减少,沿程上输沙量虽得到一定恢复,但总量仍未超过蓄水前多年均值;② 2003-2014年d > 0.125 mm（粗）输沙量得到一定恢复,至监利站恢复程度最大,基本达到蓄水前均值,在恢复后其下游该组分泥沙冲淤特性与蓄水前一致,其中2008-2014年恢复程度弱于2003-2007年;③ 三峡水库蓄水后坝下游d < 0.125 mm（细）输沙量沿程上得到一定程度恢复,但总量仍小于蓄水前均值;④ 三峡水库蓄水后坝下游d > 0.125 mm泥沙输移量因河床补给作用,沿程上得到恢复,但补给量将不超过0.44亿t/y,主要受制于洪水持续时间及流量均值,而上游干流、河段间支流和湖泊分汇作用占次要地位,而d < 0.125 mm悬沙恢复受上游干流、区间支流和湖泊分汇及河床补给控制,因河床粗化使得床沙对细颗粒悬沙的补给作用减弱;⑤ 2003-2007年和2008-2014年两时段间宜昌至枝城、上荆江为粗细均冲,下荆江为淤粗冲细,汉口至大通河段为淤粗冲细,城陵矶至汉口河段2003-2007年为淤粗冲细,2008-2014年为粗细均冲,这一差异受控于螺山站洪水流量持续时间和量值。     

面向高分遥感影像道路提取的轻量级双注意力和特征补偿残差网络模型

针对高分辨率遥感影像背景复杂,道路提取容易受阴影、建筑物和铁路等背景信息干扰的问题,提出一种带有轻量级双注意力和特征补偿机制的DAFCResUnet模型。该模型在ResUnet的基础上,通过增加轻量级的双注意力和特征补偿模块实现模型在性能和时空复杂度上的平衡。其中,双注意力模块可以增强模型的特征提取能力,特征补偿模块可以融合网络中来自深浅层的道路特征。在DeepGlobe和GF-2道路数据集上的实验结果表明,DAFCResUnet模型的IoU和F1-score可以达到0.6713、0.8033和0.7402、0.8507,模型的整体精度优于U-Net、ResUnet和VNet模型。与U-Net和ResUnet模型相比,DAFCResUnet模型仅增加了少量的计算量和参数量,但IoU和F1-score均有较大幅度的提高;与VNet模型相比,DAFCResUnet模型在计算量和参数量远低于VNet的情况下取得了更高的精度,模型在精度和时空复杂度两方面均有优势。相比其他对比模型,DAFCResUnet模型具有更强的特征提取和抗干扰能力,能更好解决道路上的干扰物、与道路特征相似地物、树荫或阴影遮挡等造成的道路空洞、误提和漏提现象。     

冲绳海槽海底地形的补偿模式研究Ⅱ.冲绳海槽均衡响应函数的地质解释

本文从区域补偿模式和实验均衡理论出发,利用重力和地形资料计算了冲绳海槽的均衡响应函数.结果表明,冲绳海槽南段弹性板有效厚度和补偿深度明显大于中段.结合其他地质地球物理资料解释认为,产生这种差异的原因主要是南、中两段岩石圈温度和补偿机制的不同所致.     

Study on topographic compensation model of the Okinawa Trough I. Calculation of theoretical isostatic response function

INTRODUCTIONTo study the compensation model of sea topography and isostatic states by using toPOgraphicand gravity data, is an imPOrtant mean for further researching deep structures as elastic structure,stress state of lithosphere, and so on. Since Airy and Pratt proPOsed local isostatic model in the1850' s, greater development on the theoretical study has been attained. Veining Meinesz (1941 )introduced regional compensation mechanism by considering it as floating crust in elastic fie…     

Compensation of time‐delay for control of civil engineering structures

Time‐delay is an important issue in structural control. Applications of unsynchronized control forces due to time‐delay may result in a degradation of the control performance and it may even render the controlled structures to be unstable. In this paper, a state‐of‐the‐art review for available methods of time‐delay compensation is presented. Then, five methods for the compensation of fixed time‐delay are presented and investigated for active control of civil engineering structures. These include the recursive response method, state‐augmented compensation method, controllability based stabilization method, the Smith predictor method and the Pade approximation method, all are applicable to any control algorithm to be used for controlled design. Numerical simulations have been conducted for MDOF building models equipped with an active control system to demonstrate the stability and control performance of these time‐delay compensation methods. Finally, the stability and performance of the phase shift method, that is well‐known in civil engineering applications, have also been critically evaluated through numerical simulations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.