一个造山后的辉长岩—河南新县王母观岩体的地球化学特征

河南新县王母观辉长岩（２６１Ｍａ）侵位在定远组（３９１Ｍａ）中。岩体贫Ｋ、Ｚｒ、Ｙ、Ｔａ、Ｔｈ、Ｈｆ，ＬＲＥＥ略亏损，具明显的Ｅｕ正异常，εＮｄ（ｔ）较低（＋３－－１．０），εＳｒ（ｔ）低（－５－－８），δ＾１８Ｏ在地幔范围内（＋５．６‰－＋６．４‰）。Ｎｄ－Ｓｒ同位素关系暗示岩体源于大陆下略亏损的地幔源区，推测为亏损地幔端元（ＤＭＭ）与第一类富集地幔端元（ＥＭＩ）混合的产物。矿物、微量元素和同位     

吉林红旗岭地区造山后镁铁-超镁铁岩体的年代测定及其意义

吉林省中部红旗岭地区镁铁-超镁铁杂岩广泛发育,年代学资料表明,红旗岭-漂河川岩体形成于晚三叠纪(距今约216Ma),与该区A型花岗岩的年龄相当,但略微年轻一些。岩石学和地球化学特征表明,镁铁-超镁铁岩普遍可见包橄结构,橄榄石晶体平衡岩浆属于高MgO玄武质岩浆,微量元素和同位素模拟结果均显示岩浆源区主要为亏损地幔或新生岩石圈地幔。根据这些结果,同时结合相关研究,提出这些镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体的形成与该区大量造山后A型花岗岩带的形成相吻合,其形成主要是由于造山后期岩石圈板块的拆沉减薄效应,软流圈地幔上隆及大量幔源岩浆上侵,底垫于地壳底部,并经历了强烈的结晶分异作用     

Early Yanshanian post-orogenic granitoids in the Nanling region-- Petrological constraints and geodynamic settings

Early Yanshanian magmatic suites predominate absolutely in the Nanling granite belt.They consist mainly of monzogranite and K-feldspar granite.There occur associations of early Yanshanian A-type granitoids(176 Ma-178 Ma) and bimodal volcanic rocks(158 Ma-179 Ma) in southern Jiangxi and southwestern Fujian in the eastern sector of the granite belt and early Yanshanian basalts(177 Ma-178 Ma) in southern Hunan in the central sector of the belt.Both the acid end-member rhyolite in the bimodal volcanic rock association and A-type granitoids in southern Jiangxi have the geochemical characteristics of intraplate granitic rocks and the basic end-member basalt of the association is intraplate tholeiite,while the basaltic rocks in southern Hunan include not only intraplate tholeiite but also intraplate alkali basalt.Therefore the early Yanshanian magmatic suites in the Nanling region are undoubtedly typical post-orogenic rock associations.Post-orogenic suites mark the end of a post-collision or late orogenic event and the initiation of Pangaea break-up,indicating that a new orogenic Wilson cycle is about to start.Therefore it may be considered that the early Yanshanian geodynamic settings in the Nanling region should be related to post-orogenic continental break-up after the Indosinian orogeny and the break-up did not begin in the Cretaceous.     

江南造山带是否格林威尔期造山带?——关于华南前寒武纪地质的几个问题

本世纪初这几年利用SHRIMP和La-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法及其他新的定年方法已获得的定年结果表明,扬子与华夏板块的拼合发生在870～820Ma之间,形成格林威尔造山带的"陆-陆碰撞"发生在1190～980Ma期间,江南造山带的碰撞事件要滞后320～160Ma。江南造山带形成过程中普遍发生绿片岩相的区域变质作用,未找到格林威尔造山带中广泛存在的麻粒岩相的高级变质记录。根据这两点,目前无法确认江南造山带是格林威尔期造山带。江南造山带可能是Rodinia向Gondwana超级大陆过渡过程中两相邻陆块拼合的产物。在江南造山带西段,作为基底出露的四堡群、梵净山群、冷家溪群等曾被认为是中元古代地层,这些地层中砂岩的碎屑锆石定年表明,这些基底地层的最大沉积年龄为870～860Ma,属于新元古代。沿着江南造山带分布的S-型花岗岩可作为板块间碰撞、造山事件的岩石学记录,并非地幔柱岩浆作用的产物。江南造山带西段～760Ma的部分基性火山-侵入岩、扬子地块周边及华夏地块某些新元古代"双峰式火山岩"(803～818Ma)中的基性火山岩具OIB的地球化学特征,它们的规模很小,是造山后伸展阶段、软流圈局部上侵形成的,不能作为Rodinia裂解的岩石学证据。     

阿尔金断裂南侧吐拉铝质A型花岗岩的特征及构造环境

吐拉花岗岩体位于阿尔金断裂南侧吐拉以东40km处。岩石化学以富Si高K、低Mg贫Ca、偏铝质及TFeO/MgO比值很高为特点,A/CNK比值为0.918～0.969。岩石稀土元素总量高,强烈富集HFSE,明显亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti,稀土元素配分模式为典型的"右倾海鸥型",属于偏铝质A型花岗岩,进一步分析属A2(PA)亚型岩体。该花岗岩形成于中泥盆世末期造山后的伸展环境,这一环境很可能与同期阿尔金断裂左行走滑引起的拉分作用有关。     

东南极格罗夫山：普里兹造山带中一个典型的泛非期变质地体

提要：距我国中山站以南约400 km的格罗夫山是普里兹造山带向南极内陆的延伸部分,其基底地体由约在920?910 Ma期间侵入的镁铁质－长英质火成岩和少量中元古代的沉积岩构成,这些岩石仅在泛非期（约570?500 Ma）经历了单相变质－构造旋回,因此是一个典型的泛非期变质地体。泛非期高峰变质作用并不象前人所认为的那样仅为中低压麻粒岩相,而是高达770?840?C、1.18?1.40 GPa,并在随后经历了近等温减压（约0.6 GPa）的P-T演化过程。大规模的A型紫苏花岗岩和花岗岩在同造山－后造山阶段侵位,并造成了麻粒岩地体近等压降温的P-T轨迹。这些花岗质岩石是由长期富集地幔的底侵物质（碱性玄武质岩石）经部分溶融而形成的。结合相邻地质体的研究资料,我们认为普里兹造山带可能发育在太古宙－格林维尔期基底地体之上,这些基底地体可能与新元古代（？）盖层卷入到了统一的泛非期造山作用过程。在泛非期造山作用过程中,地壳曾被增厚约达40?50 km,而后又经历了厚约20 km的地壳伸展垮塌和剥蚀。所以,普里兹造山带应代表东冈瓦纳陆块内部由板块缝合作用所形成的一条泛非期碰撞造山带。     

内蒙古宾巴勒查干粗中粒正长花岗岩年代学及岩石地球化学

内蒙古东乌旗宾巴勒查干分布有大面积的侵入岩,本文选取其中的粗中粒正长花岗岩进行了同位素年代学及岩石地球化学研究,采用锆石SHRIMPU-Pb法得到加权平均年龄为220．4±2．5Ma（MSWD=0．83）,所测锆石震荡环带发育,具有岩浆锆石特征,表明该年龄为花岗岩成岩年龄。岩体属富钾的过铝质岩石,稀土配分曲线以Eu负异常明显、轻稀土相对富集、重稀土具微弱的负斜率为特征。微量元素显示岩体的Ba具明显的负异常,Rb、Th相对富集,其它不相容元素相对亏损,Y、Yb均低于洋脊花岗岩标准化值。笔者认为岩体形成于西伯利亚板块和中朝板块拼合之后的后造山伸展背景下。     

扬子地块东缘新元古代造山后构造转化:瓮安穹隆构造岩石与年代学限定

扬子地块Rodinian造山后向伸展作用转化的过程与时间,一直是扬子地块新元古代构造演化的重要科学问题。扬子地块东南瓮安穹隆保存了新元古界板溪群至南华系的完整地层层序与角度不整合接触关系,是回答和理解新元古代造山后构造转化问题的理想区域。对新元古代浅变质板溪群沉积岩和南华纪南沱组沉积层序进行了调查,并采取系列样品进行碎屑锆石U-Pb定年分析和岩石地球化学分析。野外调查表明,南华纪南沱组角度不整合于板溪群之上;年代学分析结果表明,板溪群的沉积时代应在772 Ma之前,而南华纪南沱组沉积时代晚于691 Ma。瓮安穹隆新元古代板溪群沉积岩SiO₂含量中等,SiO₂/Al₂O₃平均值为5.53,K₂O/Na₂O平均值为7.14,TFeO+MgO平均值为3.47%。板溪群物源可能来自上地壳,原岩以长英质物源为主,为活动大陆边缘构造背景,其物源主要来自扬子地块西缘。南沱组沉积岩样品SiO₂含量中等,SiO₂/Al₂O₃平均值为4.69,K₂O/Na₂O平均值为20.41,TFeO+MgO含量平均值为6.64%;碎屑沉积岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线与上陆壳相似,以轻稀土富集、显著的铕负异常和重稀土平坦为特征。南沱组沉积岩物源可能来自上地壳,原岩以长英质物源为主,有少量中性岩混入,具有裂谷背景特征。综上所述,认为瓮安穹隆板溪群—南沱组地层层序代表了从造山作用向造山后伸展裂谷转化过程,其中板溪群可能与碰撞造山作用对应,主体约在772 Ma结束,而造山后裂谷的形成在691 Ma之后,因此,从造山作用向造山后伸展转化的时间大约为772~691 Ma。     

Lower Carboniferous post-orogenic granites in central-eastern Sierra de Velasco,Sierras Pampeanas,Argentina: U–Pb monazite geochronology,geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotopes

The central-eastern part of the Sierra de Velasco (Sierras Pampeanas, NW Argentina) is formed by the large Huaco (40 × 30 km) and Sanagasta (25 × 15 km) granite massifs and the small La Chinchilla stock (2 × 2 km). The larger granites intrude into Ordovician metagranitoids and crosscut Devonian (?) mylonitic shear zones, whereas the small stock sharply intrudes into the Huaco granite. The two voluminous granites are biotitic-muscovitic and biotitic porphyritic syeno- to monzogranites. They contain small and rounded tonalitic and quartz-dioritic mafic microgranular enclaves. The small stock is an equigranular, zinnwaldite- and fluorite-bearing monzogranite. The studied granites are silica-rich (SiO₂ >70%), potassium-rich (K₂O >4%), ferroan, alkali-calcic to slightly calk-alkalic, and moderately to weakly peraluminous (A/CNK: 1.06–1.18 Huaco granite, 1.01–1.09 Sanagasta granite, 1.05–1.06 La Chinchilla stock). They have moderate to strong enrichments in several LIL (Li, Rb, Cs) and HFS (Nb, Ta, Y, Th, U) elements, and low Sr, Ba and Eu contents. U–Pb monazite age determinations indicate Lower Carboniferous crystallization ages: 350–358 Ma for the Huaco granite, 352.7 ± 1.4 Ma for the Sanagasta granite and 344.5 ± 1.4 Ma for the La Chinchilla stock. The larger granites have similar ?Nd values between ?2.1 and ?4.3, whereas the younger stock has higher ?Nd of ?0.6 to ?1.4, roughly comparable to the values obtained for the Carboniferous San Blas granite (?1.4 to ?1.7), located in the north of the sierra. The Huaco and Sanagasta granites have a mainly crustal source, but with some participation of a more primitive, possibly mantle-derived, component. The main crustal component can be attributed to Ordovician peraluminous metagranitoids. The La Chinchilla stock derives from a more primitive source, suggesting an increase with time in the participation of the primitive component during magma genesis. The studied granites were generated during a post-orogenic period in a within-plate setting, possibly as a response to the collapse of the previous Famatinian orogen, extension of the crust and mantle upwelling. They are part of the group of Middle Devonian–Lower Carboniferous granites of the Sierras Pampeanas. The distribution and U–Pb ages of these granites suggests a northward arc-parallel migration of this mainly post-orogenic magmatism with time.     

内蒙古阿拉善北缘陆缘弧区火成岩的地质地球化学特征及构造演化

通过区内镁铁质和超镁铁质岩、花岗岩类以及中酸性火山岩的地质地球化学特征的研究,认为显生宙该陆缘弧经历了拉张、挤压和再次拉张的演化过程。在早古生代的拉张环境下,形成了镁铁质和超镁铁质岩、深熔花岗岩以及海西早期以地壳熔体为特征的花岗岩;海西中、晚期典型的Ⅰ型花岗岩和二叠纪钙——碱性系列的火山岩是挤压环境的产物;印支期的A型花岗岩是造山期后形成的。