Near-infrared and Visible Light Microthermometry of Fluid Inclusions in Sphalerite from a Possible Southeast Extension of the Toyoha Polymetallic Deposit, Japan

Abstract. Near-infrared (NIR) and visible light microthermometry was applied to the fluid inclusions in sphalerite from a possible southeast extension of the Toyoha polymetallic deposit. Sphalerite occurs as euhedral-subhedral crystals or collo-form aggregates with a variety of color, which contain a well-developed growth banding. Combined with morphological observations, fluid inclusions in dark-colored sphalerite were examined using a near-infrared light microscopic technique, whereas those in light-colored sphalerite and quartz were examined by a conventional visible light microscopy.
Salinities of fluid inclusions in dark-colored sphalerite have a wide variation (1.0–10.3 wt % NaCl equiv.) compared to that in light-colored sphalerite and quartz (0.0–3.4 wt % NaCl equiv.). These variations suggest that the conventional microthermometric data from light-colored sphalerite and quartz were inadequate to interpret the ore formation process. Dark-colored colloform sphalerite and a dark core of subhedral sphalerite formed from high-salinity fluids (6.5–10.3 wt % NaCl equiv.) under highly supersaturated conditions with respect to sphalerite.
The NIR and visible light microthermometry of fluid inclusions in sphalerite combined with its morphological observations is an invaluable method to infer the formation conditions of sphalerite. The NIR and visible light microthermometry is useful to reveal how the nature of ore fluids changed with time.     

An Unusual Texture: Skeletal Sphalerite in Pyrite from Dajing Tin-polymetallic Deposit, China

Abstract. Skeletal sphalerite with stellar, cruciform and snowflake-like (or cauliflower-like) shapes included in pyrite is widely found in the Dajing tin-polymetallic deposit. It occurs only in chalcopyrite-pyrite mineralization stage. The compositions of all sphalerites in the chalcopyrite-pyrite stage are characterized by high Cu content (3.9 - 7.0 wt% with a mean of 5.4 wt%), while the skeletal crystal sphalerite has higher zinc and cadmium contents, and lower copper and iron contents, compared with other sphalerites of the same stage. The skeletal crystal sphalerite in pyrite is possibly generated by exsolution.     

闪长岩强风化带做高层建筑天然地基的可行性研究

借助于中国工商银行山东省分行营业办公楼的工程实践,将常规勘察与原位测试相结合,运用野外钻探、室内试验、原位测试多种手段,对闪长岩强风化带的物理力学性质进行了测试分析和深入地研究,并通过对承载力、沉降变形的验算,得出其作为高层建筑的天然地基是可行的。实践证明,与桩基础处理方案相比,节省资金近200万元,大大加快了施工进度,减少了基础施工难度,取得了巨大的经济效益与社会效益;同时,也提出了研究岩石风化带所遇到的问题:由于采取原状试样及制样难,导致对其物理力学性质了解不够。     

Comparative studies of the kinetic parameters of various algaenans and kerogens via open-system pyrolyses

Kinetic parameters were determined for the first time, via open-system pyrolyses, on algaenans (highly resistant biomacromolecules that are selectively preserved during kerogen formation) isolated from extant microalgae. Parallel studies were also carried out on 10 kerogens exhibiting, with one exception, a low level of maturity. These kerogens included samples chiefly derived from the selective preservation of the above algaenans and samples mainly, or almost exclusively, derived from the “natural vulcanization” pathway. Important differences in activation energy (E_a) distributions were observed between the four algaenans investigated and correlated with their chemical structures. The kerogens predominantly derived from algaenan-selective preservation (Pula alginite, NE 70 and BJ 248 Torbanites, Rundle Oil Shale) also exhibited pronounced differences in E_a distributions. These distributions provided: (i) information on the diversity of the source materials; and (ii) reflected the occurrence of important differences in chemical structures and thermal behaviour between three of the tested kerogens, even though they are all classified as low maturity type I. The Kimmeridge Clay samples and the Lorca Oil Shale showed broad E_a distributions shifted to low energies when compared with the above algaenans and kerogens. Such shifts reflect an important (or even almost exclusive for some of these kerogens) contribution of materials originating from sulphur incorporation into various lipids during early diagenesis. Finally, the kinetic data derived for the nine low maturity fossil samples were extrapolated to a very low, geological heating rate of 3°C Ma⁻¹ and the generation rate curves and cumulative yield curves thus obtained were compared.     

浅谈环境地质与环境保护

环境问题已成为全世界共同关心的问题。地质环境是影响人类生存的重要因素。本文述及了因自然地质因素引起的地震灾害、火山灾害、滑坡灾害等，以及因人为地质因素引发的水污染灾害、水库失事灾害、水土流失、沙漠扩大灾害等诸方面内容，指出在今后应重视对地质灾害的监测和预防。     

RELATIONSHIP OF ECO-ENVIONMENTAL CHANGE WITH NATURAL EROSION AND ARTIFICIALLY ACCELERATED EROSION

Ｆｏｒｌｏｎｇｔｉｍｅ,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍａｂｏｕｔｎａｔｕｒａｌｅｒｏｓｉｏｎａｎｄａｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌｌｙａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｄｅｒｏｓｉｏｎｉｓｉｎｄｉｓｐｕｔｅ.ＨｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｅｒｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｔｈａｔｈｕｍａｎｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｅｃｏｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｄｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｓａｃｃｏｕｎｔａｂｌｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｅｖｅｒｅｓｏｉｌｅｒｏｓｉｏｎａｎｄｅｃｏｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｄｅｔｅｒｉｏｒａｔｉｏｎｏｎＬｏｅｓｓＰｌａｔｅａｕ[7,8].Ｓｏｍｅｇｅｏｌｏｇ…     

湖南省珍稀濒危植物及其特征

首批中国珍稀濒危植物分布于湖南的有65种4变种。从区系组成、植物地理分布、在自然森林群落中的生态地位,以及利用价值等方面分析了它们的特征,并对湖南珍稀濒危植物就地保护的有效性和措施进行了讨论。     

张家界地貌风光及其产业导向

用遥感技术对张家界地貌进行了研究,分析了张家界地貌的产业导向和开发效益,提出了进一步发展的举措。     

自然灾害研究中几个观念问题的讨论

本文从人类生活环境系统的整体观角度讨论了自然灾害的两重性、关连性及人类圈之形成和生态环境保护问题。认为自然灾害从短时间尺度和小范围看是灾变, 从长时间尺度和大范围看是一种自调节、自平衡过程；自然灾害与人类社会存在着双向效应关系；自然灾害的关联性(群发共生现象)是由其同源性、链发性和韵律性决定的；人类圈是地球演化进入新阶段的产物, 它具有进行层次深、作用强度高、活动领域宽和通过信息实现调控的特点。建立上述观念, 对灾害研究、减轻灾害损失, 走可持续发展的道路, 都具有重要意义。     

中国南方风化磷块岩研究

中国南方风化磷块岩中的风化磷矿的自然类型可分为两类七种型式，其中以“原位面型风化磷矿”和“位移溶洞砂砾磷矿”为主。风化磷矿是由其原矿的自身特性与外部适宜条件（水文地质条件为主导）综合作用的产物。根据碳酸盐、磷酸盐矿物分解、淋失程度可划分为弱风化、风化、强风化三个阶段。可用直接法、间接法和数学法３类共１３种方法加以判别