ECONOMIC GEOLOGY

正20140805Fan Baocheng(Xi’an Center of Geological Survey,China Geology Survey,Xi’an710054,China);Meng Guanglu The Geological Evolution and Metallization of TalasKalatawu Block in Northern Tianshan,Kyrgyzstan(Northwestern Geology,ISSN1009-6248,CN61-1149/P,46(2),2013,p.54-     

运动学涡度在藏南冈底斯岩浆带中段谢通门-曲水韧性剪切带中的应用

一般剪切带主要由纯剪切和简单剪切共同作用,不同的剪切带及不同的构造位置两者所占有的比例不同。利用运动学涡度(Wk)可以定量地分析两者间的比值大小。本文通过极莫尔圆法和有限应变轴率Rs/石英c轴组构法对冈底斯岩浆带中段谢通门-曲水滑覆型韧性剪切带的运动学涡度进行了计算,两种方法获得了较为一致的结果。通过极莫尔圆法,对剪切带中的9组糜棱岩样品进行了运动学涡度计算,获得了Wk=0.73~0.96,平均值Wk=0.83。运用有限应变轴率Rs/石英c轴组构法对4个样品进行了分析,得到Wk=0.85~0.93,均值为0.88,两种方法获得了较为一致的应变结果。还根据极莫尔圆图解,计算了该韧性剪切带的减薄量S=0.09~0.35,平均减薄量为0.20。研究表明该韧性剪切带为典型的以简单剪切为主伴有部分纯剪切的一般剪切,该剪切带的形成可能与拉萨地体在中新世时从挤压到侧向伸展的转换有关。该剪切带变形特征和运动学涡度的确定深化了对藏南冈底斯地区的构造演化过程的理解,并对青藏高原中南部的地质研究具有推进作用。     

Petrogenesis and geodynamic evolution of the Kajan Neogene subvolcanic rocks,Nain, Central Iran

Kajan subvolcanic rocks in the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA), Central Iran, form a Late Miocene-Pliocene shallow-level intrusion. These subvolcanics correspond to a variety of intermediate and felsic rocks, comprising quartz diorite, quartz monzodiorite, tonalite and granite. These lithologies are medium-K calc-alkaline, with SiO₂ (wt.%) varying from 52% (wt.%) to 75 (wt.%). The major element chemical data also show that MgO, CaO, TiO₂, P₂O₅, MnO, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ define linear trends with negative slopes against SiO₂, whilst Na₂O and K₂O are positively correlated with silica. Contents of incompatible trace elements (e.g. Ba, Rb, Nb, La and Zr) become higher with increasing SiO₂, whereas Sr shows an opposite behaviour. Chondrite-normalized multi-element patterns show enrichment in LILE relative to HFSE and troughs in Nb, P and Ti. These observations are typical of subduction related magmas that formed in an active continental margin. The Kajan rocks show a strong affinity with calc-alkaline arc magmas, confirmed by REE fractionation (La_N/Yb_N = 4.5–6.4) with moderate HREE fractionation (Sm_N/Yb_N = 1.08–1.57). The negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* <1), the low to moderate Sr content (< 400 ppm) and the Dy/Yb values reflect plagioclase and hornblende (+- clinopyroxene) fractionation from a calc-alkaline melt Whole–rock Sr and Nd isotope analyses show that the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr initial ratios vary from 0.704432 to 0.705989, and the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd initial ratios go from 0.512722 to 0.512813. All the studied samples have similar Sr-Nd isotopes, indicating an origin from a similar source, with granite samples that has more radiogenic Sr and low radiogenic Nd isotopes, suggesting a minor interaction with upper crust during magma ascent. The Kajan subvolcanic rocks plot within the depleted mantle quadrant of the conventional Sr-Nd isotope diagram, a compositional region corresponding to mantle-derived igneous rocks.     

大湖塘矿集区燕山成矿阶段矿床成矿系列研究及找矿问题探讨

大湖塘矿集区位于赣西北九岭成矿带西北部位,区内燕山期岩浆岩侵入活动及成矿作用强烈。大湖塘燕山期岩浆岩形成时间分布在130.3 Ma~151.4 Ma之间,可划分为三次侵入:130.3 Ma~134.3 Ma、140.4 Ma~144.4 Ma、146.4 Ma~151.4 Ma;在144.4 Ma~146.4 Ma之间,岩浆活动处于休宁阶段。区内燕山期岩浆岩与矿床在形成时间上十分接近,空间关系上相互依存,并显示特定的分布格局。根据区内矿床的分布特点、产出位置、成矿时间、燕山期花岗岩与矿床的相关性等特征,可将大湖塘矿集区由北向南依次划分为W、Mo—W、Mo、Cu、Pb、Zn—Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag三个成矿系列,并提出了"北钨南铜"的找矿观点。区内双桥山群与成矿,燕山期岩浆岩的起源,矿床等间距分布,以及重力勘探方面的研究应加强。     

新疆若羌县坡一超镁铁岩浆岩型铜镍矿床特征及远景展望

新疆北山裂谷带中出露有数量众多的镁铁-超镁铁岩,坡一铜镍矿位于北山裂谷金铜镍成矿带西部、坡北镁铁-超镁铁岩带西南部。经1989~2014年的持续勘查,坡北岩带中的坡一铜镍矿规模达到100万吨以上。笔者在前人工作的基础上,结合裂谷环境下成岩机制,分析了坡一铜镍矿成矿环境及成矿作用演化特征,树立了独特的多期岩浆成矿模式,建立了找矿标志,为成矿带镁铁-超镁铁岩浆硫化物型铜镍矿床建立了成矿模型,且对成矿远景做了探讨。     

新疆北山小常山铁矿矿物电子探针分析及矿床成因探讨

小常山铁矿位于新疆北山裂谷带西段,矿体赋存于辉长岩、辉长岩和大理岩接触带中,部分赋存于花岗闪长岩和大理岩接触带。前人研究辉长岩年龄为276±1.2Ma,与坡北铜镍硫化物岩浆矿床形成年龄一致,同属早二叠世。小常山铁矿中可见有明显的岩浆贯入现象。矿体主要呈透镜状、块状、脉状、薄层状。金属矿物主要为磁铁矿,含极少量的褐铁矿和黄铁矿;近矿围岩蚀变较弱,主要有石榴子石化、绿帘石化、大理岩化。电子探针研究表明,磁铁矿FeOT含量范围较大,主要分布在85%范围以上,Al_2O_3含量相对较高,TiO_2-Al_2O_3-(MgO+MnO)图解、TiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO图解均显示热液接触交代成因特点,表明小常山铁矿的形成和岩浆热液的交代作用有关。石榴子石属于钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石系列,与典型矽卡岩矿床的石榴子石端员组分组成有一定差别。结合小常山铁矿体地质特征以及电子探针分析测试等研究,认为小常山铁矿是多成因的复合型矿床,具有岩浆成因和热液成因特征,但后者是主要成因。     

华南大规模低温成矿的主要科学问题

大面积低温成矿是全球独特的重要成矿事件。华南地区扬子地块西南部面积约50万平方千米的广大范围,低温矿床广泛发育,包括卡林型金矿床、MVT型Pb-Zn矿床和脉型锑、汞、砷等矿床,构成华南低温成矿域。该成矿域由川滇黔接壤区的Pb-Zn、右江盆地Au-Sb-As-Hg和湘中盆地Sb-Au等三个矿集区组成。其中的矿床主要赋存于沉积岩中,受断裂构造控制,形成于100~250℃的低温条件下。以往的研究取得了重要进展,但成矿时代、成矿动力学背景、成矿物质基础和成矿过程等关键科学问题一直悬而未决。近年的研究表明,这些矿床可能形成于200~230Ma(印支期)和130~160Ma(燕山期)两个时期,除川滇黔Pb-Zn矿集区由盆地卤水演化成矿外,其余两个矿集区的形成可能均受印支期和燕山期的深部岩浆活动驱动,尽管成矿流体中的水主要是大气成因地下水。本专题报道了近年来这些方面的最新研究进展,包括20篇文章,主要涉及这些低温矿床的地质地球化学特征、成矿时代、矿床成因和成矿动力学背景等。     

西藏冈底斯尼木后碰撞花岗岩的岩浆混合作用:显微结构证据

岩浆混合过程中不同熔体之间的相互作用会影响晶体的成核与生长,形成矿物内部复杂的成分变化,以及矿物之间的不平衡结构。尼木二长花岗岩位于冈底斯岩浆岩带中部,是代表性的形成于后碰撞构造演化时期的花岗岩体。本文对其中的斜长石与角闪石颗粒进行了详细的结构和成分分析,揭示了斜长石中的港湾状、浑圆状、筛孔状熔蚀结构以及斜长石成分的突然变化和角闪石包裹黑云母的不平衡结构,并探讨了它们的成因以及相关的岩浆混合作用。分析结果显示,斜长石中突变环带的An含量为37.6~40.6,熔蚀环带的An含量为48.2~59.5,均高于两侧斜长石的An含量(18.4~26.4),表明在形成这些结构时有外来基性岩浆的混合使得岩浆成分发生了突变。样品中的部分黑云母被自形的角闪石包裹,黑云母呈浑圆状并且具有港湾状的熔蚀边,这可能是基性岩浆的混合作用使得岩浆的温度升高导致黑云母发生部分熔融,混合后的岩浆在黑云母周围继续结晶形成角闪石。这些显微结构为揭示冈底斯岩浆岩带的岩浆混合作用提供了新证据。     

Isotope Geochronologic and Geochemical Constraints on the Magmatic Associations of the Collisional Orogenic Zone in the West Kunlun Orogen,China

The Jiajiwaxi pluton in the southern portion of the West Kunlun Range can be divided into two collision–related intrusive rock series, i.e., a gabbro–quartz diorite–granodiorite series that formed at 224±2.0 Ma and a monzonitic granite–syenogranite series that formed at 222±2.0 Ma. The systematic analysis of zircon U-Pb geochronology and bulk geochemistry is used to discuss the magmatic origin(material source and thermal source), tectonic setting, genesis and geotectonic implications of these rocks. The results of this analysis indicate that the parent magma of the first series, representing a transition from I-type to S-type granites, formed from thermally triggered partial melting of deep crustal components in an early island–arc–type igneous complex, similar to an I-type granite, during the continental collision orogenic stage. The parent magma of the second series, corresponding to an S-type granite, formed from the partial melting of forearc accretionary wedge sediments in a subduction zone in the late Palaeozoic–Triassic. During continued collision, the second series magma was emplaced into the first series pluton along a central fault zone in the original island arc region, forming an immiscible puncture-type complex. The deep tectonothermal events associated with the continent–continent collision during the orogenic cycle are constrained by the compositions and origins of the two series. The new information provided by this paper will aid in future research into the dynamic mechanisms affecting magmatic evolution in the West Kunlun orogenic belt.     

小兴安岭霍吉河钼矿床成矿过程——透岩浆成矿作用

传统上将小兴安岭霍吉河钼矿床归类为斑岩型钼矿.通过对矿区地质特征的研究,即矿区无斑岩体、矿体围绕隐爆角砾岩呈环状出露、石英细脉-网脉状和浸染状矿石结构、成矿年龄明显晚于赋矿围岩形成时间等,认为该矿床是透岩浆成矿作用的结果.早中生代伊春-延寿花岗岩岩基带上相伴的大型-超大型钼矿是典型的透岩浆成矿作用的产物,是岩基后成矿作用.