Geodynamic significance of granitoid magmatism in the southeast Anatolian orogen: geochemical and geochronogical evidence from Göksun–Afşin (Kahramanmaraş, Turkey) region

In southeast Anatolia, there are number of tectonomagmatic units in the Kahramanmaraş–Malatya–Elazığ region that are important in understanding the geological evolution of the southeast Anatolian orogenic belt during the Late Cretaceous. These are (a) metamorphic massifs, (b) ophiolites, (c) ophiolite-related metamorphics and (d) granitoids. The granitoids (i.e. Göksun–Afşin in Kahramanmaraş, Doğanşehir in Malatya and Baskil in Elazığ) intrude all the former units in a NE–SW trending direction. The granitoid in Göksun–Afşin (Kahramanmaraş) region is mainly composed of granodioritic and granitic in composition. The granodiorite contains a number of amphibole-bearing mafic microgranular enclaves of different sizes, whereas the granite is intruded by numerous aplitic dikes. The granitoid rocks have typical calcalkaline geochemical features. The REE- and Ocean ridge granite-normalized multi-element patterns and tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams, as well as biotite geochemistry suggest that the granitoids were formed in a volcanic arc setting. The K–Ar geochronology of the granitoid rocks yielded ages ranging from 85.76±3.17 to 77.49±1.91 Ma. The field, geochemical and geochronological data suggest the following Late Cretaceous tectonomagmatic scenario for southeast Anatolia. The ophiolites were formed in a suprasubduction zone tectonic setting whereas the ophiolite-related metamorphic rocks formed either during the initiation of intraoceanic subduction or late-thrusting (∼90 Ma). These units were then overthrust by the Malatya–Keban platform during the progressive elimination of the southern Neotethys. Thrusting of the Malatya–Keban platform over the ophiolites and related metamorphic rocks was followed by the intrusion of the granitoids (88–85 Ma) along the Tauride active continental margin in the southern Neotethys.     

邢台矿区山字型构造的发现及其地质意义

邢台山字型构造位于河北省邯邢煤田内，其前弧向ES突出，脊柱呈ES-WN走向。分别分析了山字型构造脊柱及其东、西翼反射弧构造形迹特征，对研究区找矿具有重要意义。     

A study on the geochemical characteristics of Upper Permian continental marginal arc volcanic rocks in the northern segment of South Lancangjiang Belt

1IntroductionThe northern segment of the South LancangjiangBelt refers to the terrain about200km east of theYunxian-Lingcang granite in the South LancangjiangBelt(Fig.1).During the seventh Five-Year Plan peri-od,Mo Xuanxue et al.(1993)undertook the resear…     

Ca-rich Garnet-Clinopyroxene Rocks at Hujialin in the Su-Lu Terrane (Eastern China): Deeply Subducted Arc Cumulates?

Layers of Ca-rich garnet–clinopyroxene rocks enclosedin a serpentinite body at Hujialin, in the Su–Lu terraneof eastern China, preserve igneous textures, relict spinel ingarnet, and exsolution lamellae of Ca-rich garnet, ilmenite/magnetite,Fe-rich spinel, and also amphibole in clinopyroxene. In termsof their major and trace element compositions, the studied samplesform a trend from arc cumulates towards Fe–Ti gabbros.Reconstructed augite compositions plot on the trend for clinopyroxenein arc cumulates. These data suggest that the rocks crystallizedfrom mantle-derived magmas differentiated to various extentsbeneath an arc. The Ca-rich garnet + diopside assemblage isinferred to have formed by compressing Ca-rich augite, whereasthe relatively Mg-rich cores of garnet porphyroblasts may haveformed at the expense of spinel. The protolith cumulates weresubducted from near the crust–mantle boundary (c. 1 GPa)deep into the upper mantle (4·8 ± 0·6 GPaand 750 ± 50°C). Negatively sloped P–T pathsfor the garnet–clinopyroxene rocks and the corollary ofcorner flow induced subduction of mantle wedge peridotite arenot supported by the available data. Cooling with, or without,decompression of the cumulates after the igneous stage probablyoccurred prior to deep subduction. KEY WORDS: arc cumulates; Ca-rich garnet; garnet–clinopyroxene rocks; Su–Lu terrane; UHP metamorphism     

甘肃内蒙古北山地区古生代地壳演化

甘肃、内蒙古北山地区从寒武纪初期在前震旦纪统一古陆壳的基础上发生裂解，到石炭纪末洋盆最终闭合形成新的统一大陆，先后经历了两期板块构造体制和两次主要的俯冲-碰撞造山作用.其中，第一期板块构造体制出现在早古生代（O2-S3），沿红柳河-牛圈子-洗肠井一带裂解形成洋盆，晚奥陶世-志留纪发生由南向北俯冲，志留纪末大洋封闭;第二期板块构造体制出现在晚古生代中期（C），随着早石炭世初期红石山-百合山-蓬勃山有限大洋的发育，分割了哈萨克斯坦板块和塔里木板块，石炭纪末结束了板块构造格局，形成了新的统一大陆，自此以后北山地区进入陆内演化.石炭-二叠纪北山地区南部还出现了陆内裂谷、裂陷槽及断陷盆地等一系列扩张机制。     

西藏尼雄岩体岩石地球化学特征及其成因探讨

尼雄岩体分布于西藏自治区措勤县木质顶、尼雄、沙松、日阿一带，出露面积180．14km^2，由4个深成岩体组成，平面形态呈不规则椭圆形、圆形串珠状分布，岩石类型有苏长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、花岗岩。根据野外地质调查资料和室内的岩石学、岩石化学等特征的综合研究成果，发现该岩体各单元之间呈脉动式侵入接触，接触界线清晰，且含有较多暗色闪长质微粒包体；稀土总量较低，K、Rb、Ba、Th元素相对富集，Cr、Ti、Nb、Sr、Zr、P元素相对亏损。研究显示尼雄岩体形成于活动陆缘火山弧，构造环境，与雅鲁藏布江大洋板块向北俯冲消减作用有关，为大陆弧花岗岩。     

合肥市夏季热岛特征研究

根据2002牟夏季高温期间合肥市城市小气候考察的资料，分析了合肥市夏季城市热岛特征以及热岛强度的历史变化。结果表明：1）合肥市夏季热岛强度的日变化与冬季明显不同，夏季晴天一天中热岛强度只出现一个峰值，其基本特征与Oke提出的理想状态下的城市热岛强度日变化的模式曲线非常相似，而冬季与高纬地区的加拿大卡尔加里城市的热岛强度日变化特征接近。这反映了冬、夏两季人类活动、能源消耗量的不同；2）随着城市范围的扩大和城市绿化工程的实施，合肥市热岛面积、分布形状有了一定的改变，但主要分布特征和强度基本没有变化。     

城市热岛效应监测方法研究进展

城市热岛效应是一种由于城市建筑及人们活动导致的热量在城区空间范围内聚集的现象,是城市气候最明显的特征之一.由于城市热岛影响因素以及相互关系的复杂性,为了精确细致地描述其时空分布,人们采用了多种方法来研究城市热岛现象,主要归纳为：气象站法、定点观测法、运动样带法、遥感测定法以及模拟预测等.最后,认为各种测定方法都存在一定的缺陷,建议多种测定方法综合运用.     

北京夏季城市热岛现状及楔形绿地规划对缓解城市热岛的作用

通过遥感技术与地面测定相结合的方法，对北京城市热岛现状作观测研究，得到北京城市地面的温度分布特点。使用北京大学城市边界层模式从气象观点就“楔形绿地”规划对北京城市气候的影响进行研究和评价，模式通过对城市地表复杂性和多样性的特征进行细致描述，建立了一个细致模拟城市特点的城市边界层能量平衡模式，并用此能量平衡模式得到的地面温度作为下边界条件，中尺度气象模式MM5做初始场和侧边界条件，建立一个最小分辨率为500 m的城市边界层模式系统，来研究城市边界层在中尺度背景场作用下的精细结构。通过个例模拟，模式能够较准确地模拟城市边界层的风温场分布情况，可以用来对楔形绿地规划进行模拟试验。通过对规划后的气象场在特定的气象条件下进行模拟，结果显示，建造大型的楔形绿地后，绿地区域及绿地周围约1 km以内的地区温度有所降低，降低的程度由规划前后的地表类型改变的剧烈程度、风速大小及与绿地的距离决定，但是这种规划方案却会因城市的下风方向的风速减小而导致通风不畅。