影响荧光光谱分析质量的因素

荧光光谱分析是油气化探中非常重要的一种分析方法,因此在地表样品的分析中,荧光光谱质量就显得尤其重要。消除影响因素,保证分析质量,是得到真实的地下油气信息的必要条件。通过实验研究,对影响荧光光谱分析质量的因素的进行探讨,除了在分析过程出现的影响因素外,样品的包装袋也是造成影响的重要因素。     

油气化探同步荧光技术中的若干问题

在试验的基础上,对油气化探固定波长同步荧光测试技术中光谱图的认识、波长差与方法灵敏度的关系以及同步荧光与其他荧光方法的内在关系等问题作了深入的研究和探讨,澄清了该技术在实际应用工作中较易产生混淆的几个问题,旨在推动该项技术在油气化探工作中的进一步应用和发展.     

江苏镇江韦岗铁矿区深部找矿前景分析

镇江韦岗铁矿是一个已经勘查开发数十年的老矿山,目前保有资源储量保证程度已达严重危机。分析矿区成矿地质条件和矿床特征,铁矿体主要分布在碳酸盐岩层与中酸性侵入岩的接触带上,铁矿体普遍磁性强,且在地表形成一定规模的磁异常,梯度北陡南缓,向南有规则地递减呈梯形散开,说明矿体有一定的延伸。深部已施工的见矿钻孔和井中磁测异常对应,反映矿区深部-200m～-800m找矿前景良好。     

塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系主要白云岩类型及孔隙发育特征

塔里木盆地寒武系和下奥陶统白云岩广泛发育,岩石类型复杂多样。按照结构和特殊构造两大分类依据,文中将研究区白云岩归为6大类,即泥-粉晶白云岩(又按含膏与否进一步分为含膏泥-粉晶白云岩和不含膏泥-粉晶白云岩)、粉-细晶白云岩、中-粗晶白云岩、斑状白云岩、藻纹层白云岩和膏溶角砾白云岩。每类白云岩都可以其独具特色的晶体结构和/或沉积构造与其他类型相区分。在这些白云岩中发育的孔隙类型主要有6种,即窗格孔、铸模孔、晶间孔、溶孔、角砾孔及砾间溶孔和缝合线孔,其中除窗格孔为原生孔隙外,其余均属次生孔隙。就其储集意义而言,以溶孔和晶间孔最为重要,次为角砾孔及砾间溶孔,而铸模孔和窗格孔的储集意义相对次要。缝合线孔的意义主要有二:一是可改善储集岩的渗透性,二是与斑状白云岩配合还可能构成有效储集岩。     

四川稻城雄登寺-日霍脆韧性变形带的含矿性及其找矿意义

雄登寺-日霍脆韧性变形带呈近东西向展布,规模大。变形带内褐铁矿化蚀变强烈,化探异常发育,矿点、矿化点密集分布,成矿条件好,找矿潜力大。     

氧化锰矿物的生物成因及其性质的研究进展

土壤中的氧化锰矿物是原生矿物风化和成土过程的产物,是最具反应活性的一类矿物,决定着环境中许多物质的形态、迁移和转化,在元素生物地球化学循环中起着重要的作用,其形成机制和环境效应备受关注。已有的研究表明,环境中氧化锰的形成与微生物作用紧密相关,微生物作用可使自然环境中的Mn(Ⅱ)氧化速率提高105倍。参与Mn(Ⅱ)氧化的微生物在环境中广泛存在,已知的典型锰氧化细菌分布在变形菌门、放线菌门或厚壁菌门,它们均通过胞外聚合物中的多铜氧化酶来催化氧化Mn(Ⅱ)。细菌氧化Mn(II)成Mn(Ⅳ)是酶催化的两个连续的快速单电子传递过程,Mn(Ⅲ)在溶液中以与酶结合的瞬时中间态出现。生物形成氧化锰的最初形态为层状锰矿物,与δ-MnO2或酸性水钠锰矿很类似,且结晶弱,粒径小,锰氧化度高,结构中的八面体空穴多,因而比化学形成的氧化锰具有更强的吸附、氧化等表面活性。环境中Mn(Ⅱ)微生物氧化及形成的Mn(Ⅲ)中间体与碳、氮、硫等生命元素的地球化学循环的关系令人关注。     

Micromechanics of the velocity and normal stress dependence of rock friction

Among the second-order effects on friction the most important are those of variable normal stress and of slip velocity. Velocity weakening, which is usually considered the source of the stick-slip instability in rock friction, has been observed in velocity stepping experiments with Westerly granite. The friction change, , was –0.01 to –0.008 for a tenfold velocity increase. Using normal closure measurements, we observed dilation upon each increase in sliding rate. We also observed, for the first time, time-dependent closure between surfaces during static loading. The dilation that occurred during the velocity stepping experiment was found to be that expected from the static time-dependent closure phenomenon. This change in closure was used to predict friction change with an elastic contact model. The calculated friction change which results from a change in contact area and asperity interlocking, is in good agreement with the observed velocity dependence of steady-state friction. Variable normal stress during sliding has two effects, first in creating new partial slip contacts and locking some existing fully sliding contacts and second in increasing interlocking, for instance when normal load is suddenly increased. As a result, a transient change in friction occurs upon a sudden change in normal load.     

Micro-spectroscopic investigations of highly heterogeneous waste repository materials

Assuring safe disposal and long-term storage of radioactive and toxic wastes corresponds to a primary environmental task of present societies. To improve any technical limitation, a mechanistic understanding of the processes governing the binding of heavy metals and radionuclides is required. In this study, the significance of synchrotron-based X-ray microprobes for elucidating the spatial distribution and the speciation of radionuclides in highly heterogeneous waste repository materials will be outlined. A case study on the uptake process of Co in cementitious engineered barrier materials exposed to microbial degradation will be presented.     

三江平原旱田耕作对湿地土壤理化性质的累积影响初探

在中国科学院三江平原湿地生态试验站综合实验场,对不同耕作年限的湿地土壤(0~20 cm)进行环境累积效应分析。结果表明,随着开垦时间的增加,土壤的理化性质发生渐变,物理性质方面,土壤容重和比重逐渐增大,而孔隙度和田间持水量逐年减少;化学性质方面,土壤pH值随开垦时间的增加而增加,有机质和其他养分则随开垦时间的增加而逐年降低。弃耕后土壤性质有所恢复。土壤性质在开垦初期变化较明显,而后逐渐变缓。