波纹钢管铅阻尼器耗能性能分析研究

提出一种波纹钢管铅阻尼器,介绍了其构造、工作机理、布置形式及特点,采用ABAQUS软件,建立钢管阻尼器、波纹钢管阻尼器和波纹钢管铅阻尼器有限元模型,对其应力分布,传力路径和滞回性能进行模拟分析。结果表明:波纹钢管铅阻尼器耗能减震机理明确,工作性能和耗能性能稳定,滞回曲线饱满以及耗能能力强,具有良好的变形和延性,极限变形大;波纹钢管铅阻尼器通过在波纹钢管内设置铅芯使初始刚度、承载能力和耗能能力得到大幅度提高,既有效保持了波纹钢管的变形能力,又避免波纹钢管发生局部屈曲,使波纹钢管耗能能力得到充分发挥。波纹钢管铅阻尼器在1mm小位移下就可以进入耗能,而且很快进入稳定耗能状态,等效阻尼比稳定在0.3~0.4之间。     

管壁开孔足尺钢管混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

针对钢筋混凝土梁与钢管混凝土柱的穿筋连接形式,研究了钢管开穿筋小孔及加固对钢管混凝土柱抗震性能的影响。对于未开孔、开孔和开孔并加固三种情况,进行了3个直径为610 mm的足尺钢管混凝土柱试件的低周反复荷载试验。试验结果表明:未开孔试件在距根部100 mm处发生钢管屈曲破坏;开孔试件的破坏主要是开孔处屈曲撕裂,开孔对钢管混凝土柱初期刚度和峰值承载力影响不大,但在峰值承载力后受孔边撕裂破坏影响,开孔试件的刚度和强度退化较快、延性和耗能能力降低;开孔并加固试件的破坏位置上移至加固段上部约90 mm处,与未开孔试件表现出相似的抗震性能。     

大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥抗震性能指标研究

高轴压比钢管混凝土墩柱的试验结果对钢管混凝土拱肋具有较大的借鉴意义。为明确大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的抗震性能指标,研究了高轴比钢管混凝土构件的破坏过程及延性性能。以弯矩作为性能指标将高轴压比钢管混凝土构件的试验破坏过程分为轻微损伤、有限损伤与严重损伤3个阶段,结合钢管混凝土截面性能状态的数值分析,探讨了高轴压比钢管混凝土构件的破坏机理。结果表明:高轴压比钢管混凝土构件具有一定的可用延性;提出了以计算等效屈服弯矩作为抗震性能指标,适当利用延性和实现钢管混凝土拱桥的有限损伤抗震设计,并给出了与有限损伤相关的截面性能状态及参数。研究成果弥补了规范在此方面的不足,可供高烈度地震区大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥抗震设计时参考。     

会昌台洞体形变观测资料干扰分析

对会昌台数字化洞体形变观测资料的干扰因素进行了分析。分析结果表明,会昌台大多数洞体形变观测资料稳定可靠,年变动态清晰,受气象因素影响不大,形变与洞温相关性较好,年变受控于洞温变化。雷电击坏仪器导致断记是影响连续率的主要因素,更换仪器可能对形变的趋势变化造成一定影响。     

斜纤蛇纹石的管道水特征研究

河北涞源斜纤蛇纹石为较小的中孔纳米管材料,通过氮吸脱附法、差热和热重曲线分析法、差示扫描量热分析法和红外光谱分析法,主要分析了其纳米管中管道水特征,明确了管道水作为有效加速剂和载体的作用,对以及对抗拉强度和介电常数的影响。研究表明斜纤蛇纹石纳米管中存在管道水(属于吸附水),去除温度在240℃±,内径为2nm～3nm的纳米管中管道水含量最高,管道水含量与纳米管分散度成反比。     

基于循环孔洞扩张模型的X型圆管节点超低周疲劳寿命预测

海洋工程钢结构在服役过程中,受风、浪、流或地震等极端循环载荷的影响,易发生超低周疲劳断裂破坏,造成人员伤亡及财产损失,因此超低周疲劳断裂分析及寿命预测对于海工结构安全性评估至关重要。然而,现阶段基于累积损伤理论提出的多种超低周疲劳寿命预测模型无法对多尺度节点实现统一预测,造成了实际工程应用的不便。因此文中基于循环孔洞扩张模型开展X型圆管节点超低周疲劳寿命预测。首先,开发了基于循环孔洞扩张模型的VUSDFLD程序,实现ABAQUS与FORTRAN子程序联合应用,利用有限元分析验证循环孔洞扩张模型在X型圆管节点超低周疲劳断裂分析中的有效性;其次,根据多组X型圆管节点超低周疲劳断裂有限元分析结果,在宏观层面提出了一种基于Manson-Coffin公式的超低周疲劳寿命预测公式;最后,依据Miner理论,将适用于等幅加载的超低周疲劳寿命公式扩展至变幅加载情况,验证了多种节点尺寸下超低周疲劳公式的适用性,为工程应用提供了理论依据。     

水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜传热特性的研究

对管式高效传热传质元件的工程应用进行理论探讨,根据水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜的形成机理及传热特性,通过建立单组分流体的物理和数学模型,得到了液膜速度和厚度解析解,并分析了在蒸发、冷凝时水平螺槽管的表面几何形状对液膜厚度分布的影响。结果表明：液膜的厚度主要受表面张力和槽道表面几何形状的影响,在槽道内弯处较厚,而在槽道起始处较薄,冷凝时与蒸发时相比液膜厚度更薄,液膜分布更均匀。相对于光滑直管,水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜具有更均匀的厚度分布,具有更好的传热传质性能。     

Stream tube integration method for analysing subsurface fluid flow

A stream tube integration method is introduced to solve transient subsurface fluid flow problems. The method combines a geometry-embedded form of Darcy's Law and the notion of location of average. Two types of problems, transient radial flow to a well of finite radius in an areally infinite aquifer and in a double porosity system, are solved by the stream tube integration method and the integral finite difference method. Results of the solutions show that the stream tube integration method, with fixed coarse mesh, are more accurate and better behaved than the integral finite difference method, with fine mesh. The fixed mesh stream tube integration method is readily extended to the moving mesh method. With much coarse mesh, the moving mesh technique can obtain the same accurate results as the fixed mesh stream tube integration method. It is suggested that the stream tube integration method is a viable way to state, solve, interpret and verify numerical solutions. The method provides efficient computation and improved accuracy for analysing subsurface fluid flow. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental Study on Cross-Flow Induced Vibrations in Heat Exchanger Tube Bundle

Vibration in heat exchangers is one of the main problems that the industry has faced over last few decades. Vibration phenomenon in heat exchangers is of major concern for designers and process engineers since it can lead to the tube damage, tube leakage, baffle damage, tube collision damage, fatigue, creep etc. In the present study, vibration response is analyzed on single tube located in the centre of the tube bundle having parallel triangular arrangement (60°) with P/D ratio of 1.44. The experiment is performed for two different flow conditions. This kind of experiment has not been reported in the literature. Under the first condition, the tube vibration response is analyzed when there is no internal flow in the tube and under the second condition, the response is analyzed when the internal tube flow is maintained at a constant value of 0.1 m/s. The free stream shell side velocity ranges from 0.8 m/s to 1.3 m/s, the reduced gap velocity varies from 1.80 to 2.66 and the Reynolds number varies from 44500 to 66000. It is observed that the internal tube flow results in larger vibration amplitudes for the tube than that without internal tube flow. It is also established that over the current range of shell side flow velocity, the turbulence is the dominant excitation mechanism for producing vibration in the tube since the amplitude varies directly with the increase in the shell side velocity. Damping has no significant effect on the vibration behavior of the tube for the current velocity range.     

深埋沉管隧道基础碎石垫层变形特性试验研究

沉管隧道基础往往采用条带垄沟状先铺碎石垫层,该碎石垫层作为桩基与沉管结构传力构造的工程经验极少,为了解碎石垫层在工程荷载下的变形特性、传力机制及垄沟尺寸,及结构水平移动、回淤、垄沟偏位、桩顶倾斜等工程因素对其的影响等方面进行了物理模型试验研究。研究表明：（1）碎石级配的选择应同时考虑压缩模量、孔隙率、粒径等多种因素,过小粒径级配不适宜用于基础垫层;（2）垄沟的存在会大幅降低碎石垫层的压缩模量,压缩主要是由压密变形和垄沟导致的碎石颗粒侧向“挤出”造成;（3）支撑桩段碎石垫层的极限承载能力约为480 kPa,碎石垫层作为桩顶传力构造,受力变形机制复杂,个别影响因子十分敏感,需采取措施控制桩顶应力水平在碎石垫层极限承载能力范围内。