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11.
南沙西部海域伸缩型右旋走滑双重构造系统及其动力学过程 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
刘海龄 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1999,19(3):11-18
万纳断裂带为一典型的右旋走滑系统,由其南段前锋的拉奈—沙捞越走滑-收缩叠瓦扇、北段尾端的南海西南次海盆西南端走滑-伸展叠瓦扇和中段的万安盆地走滑-拉分双重构造所组成,其动力主要源自中生代末以来华南—印支陆缘岩石圈的拆沉作用和南海海底扩张,它的走滑拉分作用直接导致了万安盆地的产生,对该海域油气等资源的形成与聚集起了重要的控制作用。 相似文献
12.
Chang Li 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1995,17(1):97-113
SeaMARC II side-scan images, bathymetry, and single-channel seismic reflection data along the southern Peru—northern Chile forearc area between 16° and 23° S reveal a complex region of morpho-structural, submarine drainage and depression patterns. In the subducting plate area, the NW—SE trending primary normal fault system represented by trench-paralleled scarps was incipiently formed as the Nazca Plate was bent in the outer edge and further intensified as the plate approached the trench. The NE—SW trending secondary normal fault system that consists of discontinuous and smaller faults, usually intersect the primary trench-paralleled fault system. Similar to the Nazca Plate, the overriding continental plate also shows two major NW—SE and NE—SW trending fault systems represented by fault scarps or narrow elongated depressions.The submarine drainage systems represented by a series of canyon and channel courses appear to be partly controlled by the faults and exhibit a pattern similar to the onshore drainage which flows into the central region of the coastal area. Two large depressions occurring along the middle—upper slope areas of the continental margin are recognized as collapse and slump that perhaps are a major result of increased slope gradient. The subsidence of the forearc area in the southern Peru—northern Chile Continental Margin is indicated by: a) drainage systems flowing into the central region, b) the slope collapse and slumps heading to the central region, c) the deepening of the trench and inclining of the lower slope terrace to the central region, and d) submerging of the upper-slope ridge and the Peru—Chile Coast Range off the Arica Bight area.The subsidence of the forearc area in the southern Perunorthern Chile margin is probably attributed to a subduction erosion which causes wearing away and removal of the rock and sedimentary masses of the overriding plate as the Nazca Plate subducts under the South American Plate. 相似文献
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15.
Two distinct series of slumps deform the upper part of the sedimentary sequence along the continental margin of the Levant.
One series is found along the base of the continental slope, where it overlies the disrupted eastern edge of the Messinian
evaporites. The second series of slumps transects the continental margin from the shelf break to the Levant Basin. It seemed
that the two series were triggered by two unrelated, though contemporaneous, processes. The shore-parallel slumps were initiated
by basinwards flow of the Messinian salt, that carried along the overlying Plio-Quaternary sediments. Seawater that percolated
along the detachment faults dissolved the underlying salt to form distinctly disrupted structures. The slope-normal slumps
are located on top of large canyons that cut into the pre-Messinian sedimentary rocks. A layer of salt is found in the canyons,
and the Plio-Quaternary sediments were deposited on that layer. The slumps are bounded by large, NW-trending faults where
post-Messinian faulted offset was measured. We presume that the flow of the salt in the canyons also drives the slope-normal
slumps. Thus thin-skinned halokynetic processes generated the composite post-Tortonian structural patterns of the Levant margin.
The Phoenician Structures are a prime example of the collapse of a distal continental margin due to the dissolution of a massive
salt layer. 相似文献
16.
Ching-Hui Tsai Shu-Kun Hsu Yi-Ching Yeh Chao-Shing Lee Kanyuan Xia 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2004,25(1-2):63-78
Magnetic data suggest that the distribution of the oceanic crust in the northern South China Sea (SCS) may extend to about 21 °N and 118.5 °E. To examine the crustal features of the corresponding continent–ocean transition zone, we have studied the crustal structures of the northern continental margin of the SCS. We have also performed gravity modeling by using a simple four-layer crustal model to understand the geometry of the Moho surface and the crustal thicknesses beneath this transition zone. In general, we can distinguish the crustal structures of the study area into the continental crust, the thinned continental crust, and the oceanic crust. However, some volcanic intrusions or extrusions exist. Our results indicate the existence of oceanic crust in the northernmost SCS as observed by magnetic data. Accordingly, we have moved the continent–ocean boundary (COB) in the northeastern SCS from about 19 °N and 119.5 °E to 21 °N and 118.5 °E. Morphologically, the new COB is located along the base of the continental slope. The southeastward thinning of the continental crust in the study area is prominent. The average value of crustal thinning factor of the thinned continental crust zone is about 1.3–1.5. In the study region, the Moho depths generally vary from ca. 28 km to ca. 12 km and the crustal thicknesses vary from ca. 24 km to ca. 6 km; a regional maximum exists around the Dongsha Island. Our gravity modeling has shown that the oceanic crust in the northern SCS is slightly thicker than normal oceanic crust. This situation could be ascribed to the post-spreading volcanism or underplating in this region. 相似文献
17.
The interstitial water composition (
, alkalinity, Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, Na+, K+) and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined for the muddy sediments of the continental shelf off the Gironde Estuary (France), in the area where the sediment represents the deposit of the muddy suspension of the river. In comparison with seawater concentrations, the pore waters below 10 cm depth, show depletions of
and Ca2+ and below a 30 cm depth show depletions of Mg2+. Inversely, the upper 10 cm an enrichment of Ca2+ concentration, and an increase of K+ concentration to a 40 cm depth. High values of
are observed at the top 4 cm. Alkalinity enrichment is observed along the length of the core. Applying the alkalinity models for the sediment below a 10 cm depth demonstrates generally that calculated alkalinities are higher than the measured ones. Ca2+ dissolution occurs at the first 10 cm and authigenic carbonate precipitation starts beneath that level. Mg2+ depletion is accompanied by bicarbonate loss. This proves that Mg2+ depletion is due to a Mg-silicate reaction. The result of the CEC does not confirm the Mg2+ uptake by clay minerals in exchangeable site, under reducing conditions. Diffusion and bioturbation play an important role in the pore water concentration at the top of the core. 相似文献
18.
This article presents results from a series of Ko-consolidated compression and extension triaxial tests on specimens from undisturbed samples of Hong Kong Marine Deposits (HKMD). To investigate the strain-rate effects, a total of seven Ko-consolidated triaxial tests were conducted including four compression tests and three extension tests. After Ko-consolidation, the triaxial test specimens were sheared at step-changed axial strain rates under three different confining pressures of 50 kPa, 150 kPa, and 400 kPa, respectively. The step-changed strain rates were applied in the following order: +2%/h, +0.2%/h, +20%/h, -2%/h (unloading) and +2%/h (reloading) for the four compression tests and -2%/h, -0.2%/h, -20%/h, +2%/h (unloading) and -2%/h (reloading) for the three extension tests. The results are reported and analyzed in the paper. The results show that the strain rate effects, the stress-strain characteristics, and the effective stress paths of the specimens for tests in a compression state are different from those for tests in an extension stage. One order of magnitude increase in axial strain rate causes an average 8.6% increase in undrained shear strength for compression tests and a 12.1% increase for extension tests. It is also found that the failure mode of the specimens in compression is different from that in extension. The stress-strain behavior of specimens shows strain-softening and a clear shear band in compression tests, but strain-hardening without any clear shear band in extension tests for the same absolute value of axial strain. 相似文献
19.
As a fundamental study to evaluate the contribution of the Kuroshio to primary production in the East China Sea (ECS), we
investigated the seasonal pattern of the intrusion from the Kuroshio onto the continental shelf of the ECS and the behavior
of the intruded Kuroshio water, using the RIAM Ocean Model (RIAMOM). The total intruded volume transport across the 200m isobath
line was evaluated as 2.74 Sv in winter and 2.47 Sv in summer, while the intruded transport below 80m was estimated to be
1.32 Sv in winter and 1.64 Sv in summer. Passive tracer experiments revealed that the main intrusion from the Kuroshio to
the shelf area of the ECS, shallower than 80m, takes place through the lower layer northeast of Taiwan in summer, with a volume
transport of 0.19 Sv. Comparative studies show several components affecting the intrusion of the Kuroshio across the 200 m
isobath line. The Kuroshio water intruded less onto the shelf compared with a case without consideration of tide-induced bottom
friction, especially northeast of Taiwan. The variations of the transport from the Taiwan Strait and the east of Taiwan have
considerable effects on the intrusion of the Kuroshio onto the shelf. 相似文献
20.
弧后盆地的形成与演化探讨:以东亚陆缘区为例 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
通过对弧后盆地大地构造体制的讨论,作者认为基属活化作用的产物根据地质,地球物理,地球化学等资料的分析,作者提出结论认为,由于东亚岛弧系岩石圈的均衡作用及海沟外侧冷却大洋岩石圈块体的下沉拖曳牵引等作用,使软流圈在岛弧系下方发生分异,这种分异作用带动东亚陆缘向东扩张,从而产生弧后的张开。 相似文献