南海南部表层沉积物粒度分布特征及其影响因素

对取自南海南部的153个表层沉积物样品,进行了粒度、粒度参数计算和Q型聚类分析,探讨了表层沉积物的粒度分布特征、沉积类型及影响因素。结果表明,研究区沉积物主要粒级组分为黏土和粉砂,底质类型主要为泥,还有粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂,平行于等深线基本呈带状分布;结合Q型聚类分析结果,研究区沉积物可分为外陆架及陆架坡折区粗粒沉积物(砂和粉砂)和陆坡区细粒沉积物(泥)两类,500m等深线是两类沉积物的分界线;对比粒度分析结果,判定两类沉积物属于不同成因类型,外陆架及陆架坡折区是现代沉积和残留沉积的混合沉积,陆坡区是现代沉积;影响南海南部表层沉积物粒度分布的主要因素是物源、水动力条件、水深与地形及洋流。     

黄茅海河口湾沉积物的稳健对数比主分量分析

本文用稳健对数比主分量分析方法对黄茅海河口湾93个表层沉积物样品的粒度数据进行统计研究,从而划分出四个沉积物粒度类型以及相应的四个不同水动力沉积区,并对沉积环境和泥沙运动作分析解释。     

东海西北部陆架表层沉积物重矿物组合及其沉积环境指示

研究了东海陆架360个表层沉积物的碎屑矿物和粒度组成,利用R型聚类方法提取稳定重矿物和重矿物分异指数作为矿物分布规律的指示因子;根据快速聚类结果将重矿物组成分为3个区:东海陆架海侵体系域晚期残留砂体区、高位体系域晚期长江水下前三角洲和浙闽沿岸流泥质沉积区、高位体系域扬子浅滩沉积区。结合粒度参数和特征矿物分布、沉积物14C年龄对各区沉积环境进行讨论,确定陆架残留沉积和改造沉积的成因、长江水下三角洲和浙闽沿岸流泥质区的范围,以及对应不同海侵层序的矿物分异特征和物质"源-汇"关系。聚类分析虽能够指示同一物源碎屑矿物分布与沉积动力关系,但物源不同,聚类结果可能误导沉积环境分析。扬子浅滩表层砂体是在距今6~4和3~2 ka 的两个潮流沉积发育期形成的多期改造沙波沉积。     

泉州湾表层沉积物粒度特征分析

本文利用福建省泉州湾海域采集的70个表层沉积物样品,分析了泉州湾表层沉积物粒度参数的平面分布特征及输运趋势.对沉积物的粒度参数进行了Q型聚类分析,开展了沉积物曲线特征在横向上的分布研究,并针对沉积物不同粒级组分对沉积物来源做了R型因子分析.粒度分析结果表明,不同粒度参数(平均粒径、分选系数、偏态、峰态)在横向上具有不同的变化特征,很大程度上受到潮汐水流的影响,同时入海河口、岛屿周边和局部凸凹岸都会成为其影响因素.沉积物输运趋势分析结果显示,沉积物主要来源于晋江和洛阳江的输入、研究区南侧海岸侵蚀物向北运移后的沉积及外海海流的带入;Q型聚类分析把沉积物分为两群四类,能很好地反应出沉积物粒度概率曲线的变化特征;R型因子分析进一步探讨了沉积物粒度特征可能的影响因素,以陆源碎屑特征和水动力变化影响为主,其次是生物碎屑沉积和人工采砂.     

南黄海和东海北部陆架重矿物组合分区及来源

利用大洋-50型海底取样器,在南黄海和东海北部陆架(125°E以西)海上调查获取了海底表层沉积物样品,其中包括1998年以来"黄东海地质地球物理补充调查"和"中韩黄海沉积动力学与古环境演变"2项研究所获得的样品共380个,选取0.063～0.125mm粒级的沉积物,进行碎屑矿物分析,最后选出9个代表性的优势重矿物种的数据为变量,利用Q型聚类(分层聚类)的数学方法,进行聚类组合,在数学统计的基础上,将研究区划分出4个重矿物组合区。客观地反映出黄河物质、长江物质和原地物质的影响范围,同时也体现出物质来源和水动力以及海底风化作用对重矿物分布的影响程度和范围,因而可以得出,在一定的范围内陆架表层沉积物中的重矿物具有趋同的演化效应。     

南海北部陆架坡折附近表层沉积物的粒度特征和其输运趋势

对南海北部陆架坡折附近取的50个表层沉积物样品,作粒度测试,计算粒度参数。粒度分析表明研究区的沉积物主要存在4种类型:含砾砂、砾质砂、砂质砾和含砾泥质砂;沉积物组分中砾石和砂占绝对优势,基本上不含黏土。综合因子分析和聚类分析的结果把研究区划分为4类沉积区:Ⅰ类沉积区属于内陆架沉积区,Ⅱ类沉积区属于陆架坡折上部沉积区,Ⅲ类沉积区属于陆架坡折下部沉积区,Ⅳ类沉积区区属于陆架边缘沉积区,每类沉积区都代表着不同的沉积环境。研究区沉积物的粒径趋势分析结果显示,陆架坡折附近的沉积物主要向内陆架和外陆架边缘或上陆坡输运,同时存在着跨陆架输运和沿陆架坡折输运现象,这与研究区实测的底流方向相一致。本研究表明,南海北部陆架坡折附近的沉积环境和沉积物输运模式比较复杂和特殊。本研究对今后陆架和陆坡区其他相关的研究具有十分重要的指导和借鉴意义。     

珠江口黄茅海河口湾水动力沉积和泥沙运动的统计研究

本它根据稳健对数比主分量分析和Ｍｃｌａｒｅｎ－Ｂｏｗｅｌｓ沉积物迁移随机模型统计研究了珠江口黄茅海河口湾的水动力沉积和泥沙运动。稳健对数比主分量分析把黄茅海河口湾沉积物粒度类型划分为四大类，并相应四种不同水动力环境沉积区。Ｍｃｌａｒｅｎ－Ｂｏｗｅｌｓ随机模型在泥沙运动方向上的定量统计证实了沉积分布表明的泥沙运动规律，为今后探索和开发黄茅海河口湾海区提供新的分析依据。     

亚北极太平洋边缘海表层沉积物地球化学特征

对鄂霍次克海和白令海及其毗邻区40个站位表层沉积物样品的粒度和43种地球化学元素分析表明,表层沉积物类型及地球化学组成在空间上分布存在显著差异。因子分析显示,表层沉积物元素地球化学存在陆源、生源(Ba,Ca和Sr等)和自生源(Mn,Mo和Cd)三种来源。沉积物粒度与主微量元素分布没有显著的相关性。主微量元素地球化学散点图揭示表层沉积物碎屑物质存在来自火山和上地壳风化产物的贡献。白令海陆坡流和东萨哈林流对于底层沉积物分选有重要的影响。聚类分析显示,在空间分布上,鄂霍次克海以及底特律海山表层沉积物由陆源碎屑和火山物质混合构成;堪察加半岛东侧表层沉积物主要来自堪察加半岛,以火山碎屑贡献为主;白令海西北陆坡和鄂霍次克海西部陆坡表层沉积物主要来自阿纳德尔河和黑龙江(俄罗斯境内为Amur河)的输入,以陆源碎屑为主。研究区表层沉积物地球化学空间分异性与碎屑物质的来源、搬运动力、区域水动力条件密切相关。     

冲绳海槽北端表层沉积物过渡元素地球化学特征

利用原子吸收和等离子发射光谱等方法,对冲绳海槽北端184个表层沉积物中的Al和过渡元素(Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn和Zr)进行了化学分析。结果表明,由于受生源碎屑稀释作用的影响,过渡元素在陆架砂质区含量较低,其分布呈北西-南东向舌状延伸;由于细粒组分的增加,在陆架细粒沉积区和海槽区过渡元素含量较高。Mn主要在海槽区富集,在陆架和陆坡区变化不大。除了Mn之外,Al和其他过渡元素均呈明显正相关。Al/Ti比值与陆壳平均值接近,说明二者主要来源于陆源碎屑。Mn/Fe比值与邻近海区沉积物类似,但在陆架区CaO含量大于20%的沉积物和海槽区沉积物中相对较高,这分别是生物富集作用和自生沉积的结果。过渡元素富集因子分析结果表明,研究区过渡元素部分来自于黄河、部分来自于长江物质。     

台西南海域表层沉积物元素地球化学特征及其物源指示意义

对南海台西南海域表层沉积物的常量、微量元素含量分布变化特征、元素相关性以及元素组合特征进行了分析。结果表明,SiO2和Al2O3是研究区表层沉积物中的最主要组分,元素的含量与水深、粒度存在明显的相关性;R型因子分析识别出3个元素组合,分别代表细粒的陆源碎屑沉积组合、粗粒的生物碎屑组合和细粒的生物碎屑组合;研究区表层沉积物的物质来源主要有陆源和生物源两种,以陆源为主。     

南沙群岛西南海区表层碳酸盐沉积的相特征

通过研究南沙群岛西南海区44个站表层碳酸盐沉积特征,综合分析了沉积物类型、碳酸盐的生物组成、矿物成分、地球化学等,根据碳酸盐沉积的岩性参数之间的关系及相应的沉积环境,应用主成分分析统计对比,提出该海区碳酸盐沉积的六个沉积相及其特征:大陆坡半深海-深海相,南部中、外大陆架浅海相,西部中、外大陆架浅海相,南部内大陆架浅海相,礁体相,礁体过渡相。     

Multivariate statistical analysis for characterization of sedimentary facies of Tarakan sub-basin,North Kalimantan

A study of sediment dynamics has been conducted on the Tarakan sub-basin, North Kalimantan, Indonesia using multivariate analysis. Multivariate statistical techniques can be used to determine sediment with similar characteristics and be a good proxy to recognize sedimentary facies and depositional environment. These methods have been applied to characterize the sedimentary facies at Tarakan sub-basin. A total of 23 samples were taken from several locations on the different depths of 56–2554?m that represent varieties of environment. The study is interpreted using compositional data analysis associated with a grain size trend analysis (GSTA), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA). The GSTA value showed the dominance of poorly sorted silt indicating that the sediment is mostly deposited in low-energy depositional. The CA and the PCA determined three distinct sedimentary facies: shelf facies, upper bathyal facies, and lower bathyal facies. The facies were grouped as similar sediment and depositional environment. Sedimentological variables applied in the characterization were described to be an important tool for the interpretation of depositional environments – indirectly showing hydrodynamic energy.     

东海中陆架泥质区及其周边表层沉积物碳的分布与固碳能力的研究

对东海中陆架泥质区及其周边的表层沉积物分别利用容量法、元素分析仪法进行了ＩＣ、ＯＣ含量分析,利用筛析法和沉降法进行了粒度分析。结果表明,研究区ＩＣ含量均明显高于ＯＣ含量。ＯＣ含量在泥质区高,砂质区低;ＩＣ含量分布为：近岸细粒沉积区为相对高值区,中陆架砂质区为低值区,中陆架泥质区为高值区,外陆架砂质区为特高值区．ＯＣ富集主要受控于上覆水体的生物生产量、沉积动力环境以及海底物理化学条件。ＩＣ的分布受物     

Tessier和BCR连续提取法提取Ca、Fe、Mn、Al、Ti的评价及其在中国大陆架表层沉积物中的应用

边缘海（黄、东海）沉积物可以提供水体中广泛的信息。Tessier和BCR方法被广泛的应用于沉积物中不同地球化学相的提取。为了选取适用于第四纪大陆架沉积物不同相态的提取方法，我们进行了两种方法提取典型单一矿物的有效性和选择性实验，并且对每种方法提取天然沉积物（沉积物标准品GSD-9和3个表层沉积物）进行了评价，分析了提取液中地球化学代表性元素Ca、Fe、Mn、Al、Ti。结果表明，两种方法提取不同的地球化学相均具有很好的选择性和有效性，并且给出了两种方法每个形态的提取试剂体积的最佳用量。考虑到实际研究中吸附-解吸过程的重要性，我们推荐Tessier方法，同时利用Tessier方法提取表层沉积物提供了生产力和沉积物环境方面的信息。以上结果进一步说明Tessier方法适用于中国大陆架沉积物元素形态的提取。     

长江水下三角洲沉积物的重矿物分布及组合

对2004年取自长江水下三角洲南部区域的145个表层样品进行了重矿物研究。结果表明,本区重矿物可划分为4个矿物组合区,即三角洲前缘南部矿物区(Ⅰ区)、三角洲前缘北部矿物区(Ⅱ区)、前三角洲主体矿物区(Ⅲ区)和前三角洲南部矿物区(Ⅳ区),它们代表了不同的沉积动力、沉积环境和风化作用条件;长江水下三角洲重矿物以普通角闪石-绿帘石为优势矿物组合,以低级变质来源的绢云母、白云母为特征矿物,局部富含普通辉石和氧化铁矿物;粉砂质砂和砂质粉砂中的重矿物组成比较稳定,基本可以代表长江物源。     

南黄海陆架沉积环境的聚类分析

通过对描述性资料的Q型聚类、数据资料的R型和Q型聚类的定量分析,南黄海陆架可区分出三级环境和20个沉积亚环境,进一步探讨了1.70MaB.P.沉积环境序列。     

On the formation of laminated sediments on the continental margin off Pakistan: the effects of sediment provenance and sediment redistribution

The sedimentary processes and sediment sources contributing to the formation of laminated sediments along the upper slope off Pakistan are unravelled using inorganic bulk sediment geochemistry of 43 surface cores from the Pakistani continental margin and additional geochemical and Pb and Nd-isotope data for different types of layers. An important process everywhere along the margin is redeposition of fluvial-derived detritus from the shelf onto the slope. This process is of considerably higher intensity along the Makran margin than on the Indus margin. Trace element enrichment related to early diagenesis or surface productivity, which is commonly detectable in bulk sediment composition, is swamped by the high clastic supply in the Makran region, but may be observed in the Indus region.Four types of layers are found in the laminated sediment cores from the upper slope. They reflect different mechanisms of deposition and different sediment sources. An alternating pattern of olive-grey and black layers results from downslope redeposition of fluvial material over most of the year, to which organic matter from sea surface production is added during the late summer monsoon season. Distinctive white to grey coloured layers along the Makran slope originate from large scale expulsion of sediments from the Makran accretionary wedge through mud volcanoes on the shelf, subsequent erosion by waves, and downslope redeposition. These layers may dominate the sedimentary record within the Makran accretionary wedge, but are absent on the Indus margin. Occasional red coloured turbidites, which probably represent larger floods on the Indus plain, contribute to this mixture of varying sedimentary processes and sediment sources along the Pakistani continental slope.     

Characterizing the depositional settings for sedimentary organic matter distributions in the Lower Yangtze River-East China Sea Shelf System

Grain-size distributions, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations, and TOC/TN ratios (C/N) were analysed for surface sediments from the Lower Yangtze River-East China Sea (ECS) shelf system. Hierarchical cluster analysis of grain-size parameters (mode, mean, sorting, skewness and kurtosis) has been employed to characterize grain-size compositions. The results suggest there are five grain-size compositional types (type-I–V) that fingerprint distinct depositional conditions. In areas with high sedimentation rates, hydrological sorting preferentially enriches the fraction coarser than 6.4ø (12 μm) in shallow seafloor sediments (water depth<30 m) by transporting the finer fraction to the deeper seafloor (water depth>30 m), and thus forms grain-size compositional type-I (shallow) and type-II (deep). In the open shelf, where modern sediment supply is very limited, grain-size types-III–V are identified according to different winnowing intensity. Overall TOC contents significantly correlate with mud proportions, suggesting muddy sediments are the primary control on OM accumulation. However, de-association of terrestrial OM from fine sediments in the Estuary and the occurrence of presumably relict OM in the open shelf exert additional controls on OM dispersal and carbon cycling in the ECS. By considering geography, oceanography, sediment source, and the relation between sedimentation conditions and sedimentary OM distributions, we define six depositional settings: the lower river, the estuary, the coast, the offshore upwelling area, the erosional area, and the open shelf. These settings describe the sediment dispersal and associated organic matter cycling in the Lower Yangtze River-ECS shelf system.