金矿石鉴定过程中的一些体会

在鉴定金矿石的光片时 ,有时见不到金矿物 ,这是由多种原因引起的。我们通过改进制片工艺及抛光前对光片进行烘烤、煅烧等方法 ,使金矿石光片中金矿物可见几率提高 ,并可使许多原矿石中的不可见金归并加大 ,变为可见金。此外 ,本文还提到一种金矿石中经常存在的富铁黄铜矿 ,它可作为某些地区中金矿石的指示矿物     

Effect of oxidation potential and zinc sulphate on the separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite

The effects of oxidation potential (Eh) and zinc sulphate on the separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite were investigated at pH 9.0. The flotation recovery of these minerals is Eh dependent with maximum separation obtained at 275 mV SHE. Zinc sulphate addition improved this mineral separation at an Eh value of 275 mV by selectively depressing pyrite flotation. A different result was obtained at lower Eh values where zinc sulphate addition improved chalcopyrite flotation but had no or little effect on pyrite flotation. These opposite effects of zinc sulphate on mineral flotation were reconciled by examining the surface species of these minerals. The selective depression of pyrite flotation by zinc sulphate was also confirmed in the flotation of two copper ores.     

黄铜矿中液态包裹体Rb-Sr同位素测定方法研究

选取了碧大群铜矿床中筏子坝、阳坝和大茅坪三个黄铜矿矿脉中的黄铜矿物样品，通过大量的条件实验及方法研究，用溶解法获取了黄铜矿中的液态包裹体中流体并得出了与实际地质背景一致的Rb-Sr等时线年龄，建立了黄铜矿中液态包裹体Rb-Sr同位素定年的分析方法。     

内蒙古东升庙矿床岩浆热液叠加成矿作用——来自地质与矿物包裹体测温的证据

The Dongshengmiao Pb-Zn deposit located in the Mesoproterozoic aulacogen in a passive continental margin in the north- west margin of the North-China Craton is widely considered to be a untypical SEDEX deposit.Recently,new types of mineralization such as chalcopyrite veins and re-crystallized sphalerite ores with visible hydrothermal alteration have been found in the deposit at depth.In this paper we report the decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in chalcopyrite,sphalerite and quartz from these new types of ores.The decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in chalcopyrite(4 samples),sphalerite(2 samples)and quartz(5 samples)are 303～456℃,97～497℃,146～350℃and 350～556℃,respectively.The decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in the vein-type chalcopyrite are similar to the decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in chalcopyrite from the Hercynian Oubulage porphyry Cu-Au deposit(313～514℃)and the Chehugou porphyry Cu-Mo deposit(277～485℃),supporting our interpretation that the Dongshengmiao deposit was overprinted by magmatic hydrothermal mineralization.The decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in re-crystallized sphalerite from the Dongshengmiao deposit are characterized by two peaks,97～358℃and 358～497℃.The decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz in ehalcopyrite veins from the Dongshengmiao deposit are also characterized by two peaks,146～350℃and 350～556℃.The lower and higher temperature peaks in both cases are considered to represent two separate mineralization events,original SEDEX mineralization and magmatic hydrothermal overprinting,respectively.The higher decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz and sphalerite from the Dongshengmiao deposit are similar to the decrepitation temperatures(340～526℃)of fluid inclusions in sphalerite from the Baiyinnuoer skarn-type Pb-Zn deposit in the region. Replacement of pyrite by sphalerite and overgrowth of chalcopyrite on pyrite in the Dongshengmiao support our interpretation that the original SEDEX mineralization was overprinted by magmatic hydrothermal activity in the deposit.Our results suggest that there may be separate porphyry and skarn-type deposits related to Hercynian magmatism and associated hydrothermal activities in the Langshan area, which are potential exploration targets in the future.     

Distribution of gold and silver and its relation with hypogene ore minerals in the Esperanza porphyry deposit,Antofagasta Region,Chile

Modes of occurrence of Au‐ and Ag‐bearing phases and their relation with associated hypogene ore minerals were examined with the objective to elucidate Au‐Ag distribution at the Esperanza porphyry deposit in the Eocene Centinela copper belt, using ore‐microscope modal analysis, semi‐quantitative analyses by automated mineralogy, electron probe microanalysis, and secondary ion mass spectrometer. The Esperanza hypogene mineralization is characterized by early‐stage chalcopyrite‐rich veinlets in the potassic alteration zone and later polymetallic stage with tennantite and galena in the chlorite‐sericitic alteration zone. Only the early‐stage chalcopyrite contains fine‐grained electrum (Au₆₈Ag₃₂ ‐ Au₈₁Ag₁₉) and hessite (Ag₂Te), and thus yields positive correlations in Cu vs. Au and Cu vs. Ag grades that are clearly recognized in the hypogene sulfide zone. The early‐stage chalcopyrite grains frequently exhibit polysynthetic twinning suggestive of inversion from intermediate solid solution. These features suggest that the fine‐grained electrum and hessite are products exsolved in the cooling process with the intermediate solid solution to chalcopyrite inversion. In contrast, tennantite and galena of the later‐stage mineralization contain no detectable Ag, and it is thus proposed that the early‐stage inverted chalcopyrite is the principal storage of economically important precious metals.     

川西里伍式铜矿床早石炭世成矿事件——以里伍和中咀矿床为例

川西里伍式富铜矿位于扬子地台西缘和松潘-甘孜造山带接合带的江浪穹窿中。矿体大体上呈层状-似层状或透镜状。前期的矿床地质特征调查及矿相学研究结果表明,里伍铜矿的矿体至少经历了两期富集过程:早期硫化物构造变形特征明显,成典型的条带状构造,而晚期的矿化不具变形特征,主要呈块状、团块-浸染状及脉状矿构造叠加改造于前者之上。本文对里伍和中咀矿床中早期条带状黄铜矿进行了Re-Os同位素定年,获得一个良好的等时线年龄为343±11 Ma(n=4,2σ),初始~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值为~2.37。本文据此认为里伍式富铜矿早期成矿事件始于早石炭世,明显晚于赋矿围岩——元古界里伍岩群,该时期的成矿物质主要来源于大陆上地壳。     

Mineralogy and geochemistry of tin- and germanium-bearing copper ore,Barrigão re-mobilized vein deposit,Iberian Pyrite Belt,Portugal

The Barrigão re-mobilized copper vein deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt, southern Portugal, is located about 60 km south of Beja and 10 km southeast of the Neves Corvo ore deposit, in Alentejo Province. The deposit is structurally associated with a NE–SW striking fault zone inferred to have developed during late Variscan deformation. The copper ore itself is a breccia-type ore, characterized by up to four ore-forming stages, with the late stages showing evidence of fluid-driven element re-mobilization. The ore is dominated by chalcopyrite?+?tennantite-tetrahedrite, with minor arsenopyrite, pyrite, and löllingite. The supergene paragenesis is composed mainly of bornite, covellite, and digenite. Whole-rock analyses show anomalous tin and germanium contents, with averages of 320 and 61 ppm, respectively. Electron microprobe analysis of Barrigão ores revealed the germanium and tin to be restricted to chalcopyrite, which underwent late-stage hydrothermal fluid overprint along distinct vein-like zones. The measured zonal enrichment of tin and germanium is related to limited element re-mobilization associated with mineral replacement, which resulted in distinctive mineral disequilibrium. Fluid-driven element zoning affected chalcopyrite and tennantite coevally. The average contents of germanium and tin in chalcopyrite are of 0.19 and 0.55 wt.%, respectively, as confirmed through additional micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) analysis. The distribution of tin and germanium in chalcopyrite correlates strongly with iron. Tin and germanium covary. Minute sub-microscopic inclusions of an unknown Cu–Sn–Ge sulphide phase have been detected in chalcopyrite and in small vugs therein. These inclusions hint at a stanniferous sulphide as the most possible host for tin and germanium in chalcopyrite, although the idea of limited incorporation of these two elements through element substitution cannot be completely excluded.     

Chalcopyrite Intergrowths in sphalerite in the Meixian Lead—Zine Deposit,Fujian Province and their Metallogenic Significance

Ore textures and electron microprobe analyses show that in addition to highly scattered blebs in sphalerite grains,intergrown chalcopyrite also occurs as rods,myrmekites and lamellae aligned along cleavages and twin boundaries of the host sphalerite.The majority of the intergrowths could have been formed by replacement of sphalerite by chalcopyrite,albeit part of them may have resulted from exsolution,Not only copper,but also iron were introduced into the sphalerite by replacive fluids.While the front of the replacing fluid was moving forward through a sulphide orebody,Zn and Pb were dissolved and Cu was precipitated,resulting in zonal refining of the sulphide ores,The remobilized zinc and lead were precipitated at favourable sites with changed physico-chemical conditions .This is a possible mechanism for the formation of copper-poor zinc and lead ores above or lateral to the copper orebodies in some of the massive sulphide deposits reworked and overprinted by late-stage granites and their hydrothermal fluids.     

The Tiger Sulfide Chimney,Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Field,Southern Okinawa Trough,Japan: The First Reported Occurrence of Pt–Cu–Fe‐Bearing Bismuthinite and Sn‐Bearing Chalcopyrite in an Active Seafloor Hydrothermal System

A sulfide chimney ore sampled from the flank of the active Tiger vent area in the Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal field, south Okinawa trough, consists of anhydrite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and bismuthinite. Electron microprobe analysis indicates that the chalcopyrite contains up to 2.4 wt% Sn, whereas bismuthinite contains up to 1.7 wt% Pt, 0.8 wt% Cu and 0.5 wt% Fe. The Sn‐rich chalcopyrite and Pt–Cu–Fe‐bearing bismuthinite are the first reported occurrence of such minerals in an active submarine hydrothermal system. The results confirm that Sn enters the chalcopyrite as a solid solution towards stannite by the coupled substitution of Sn⁴⁺Fe²⁺ for Fe³⁺Fe³⁺, whereas Pt, Cu and Fe enter the bismuthinite structure as a solid solution during rapid nucleation. The fluid inclusions homogenization temperatures in anhydrite (220–310°C) and measured end‐member temperature of the vent fluids on‐site (325°C) indicate that Sn‐bearing chalcopyrite and Pt–Cu–Fe‐bearing bismuthinite express the original composition of the minerals that precipitated as metastable phases at a temperature above 300°C. The result observed in this study implies that sulfides in ancient volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits have similar trace element distribution during nucleation but it is remobilised during diagenesis, metamorphism or supergene enrichment processes.     

滇西北衙金多金属矿床流体包裹体研究

北衙金多金属矿是与滇西新生代富碱斑岩有关的典型代表之一。通过对矿区石英脉、富碱斑岩中的石英斑晶以及方解石脉中流体包裹体的类型、特征、温度、盐度、成矿压力以及流体包裹体中气液相成分分析和包裹体的激光拉曼探针分析,探讨了流体性质、来源。研究表明,该区存在高温高盐度流体、中高温高盐度流体、中低温低盐度流体3种流体。流体总体属于NaCl-H2O体系,均一温度范围在132～550℃(个别大于550℃),盐度范围在1.9%～61.1%(NaCleq)。高盐度流体不是由热水溶液的不混溶作用或沸腾作用形成的,而是由中酸性岩浆在深部岩浆房中通过结晶分异作用形成,和/或在浅成条件下于岩浆结晶的最后阶段从浅部岩浆中直接出溶形成的。红泥塘、南大坪两矿段石英斑晶中金属子矿物特别是黄铜矿的发现,暗示早期来自岩浆的热液流体金属含量较高,形成于大气降水与岩浆热液混合之前。上述特征表明北衙地区富碱斑岩具有巨大成矿潜力。