Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Composition of Caulerpa lentillifera from Different Regions

This study investigated the difference of nutrient composition in Caulerpa lentillifera collected from different regions.The nutrient compositions of C.lentillifera from China's Hainan and Shandong provinces were determined and compared with those from Semporna(Malaysia),Sabah(Malaysia),Petchburi(Thailand),and two other species of seaweeds(Malaysia).The results showed that the polysaccharide and protein contents of C.lentillifera from Hainan(44.82%±0.98%and 12.5%±0.70%),Shandong(43.22%±1.42%and 14.7%±0.72%),Petchburi(59.27%±2.31%and 12.49%±0.30%),and Sabah(44.02%±2.01%and 19.38%±1.48%)were higher than those of Eucheuma cottonii(26.49%±3.01%and 9.76%±1.33%)and Sargassum polycystum(33.49%±1.70%and 5.40%±0.07%),respectively.The polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in C.lentillifera from Hainan(29.98%)and Shandong(22.11%)were higher than that in Semporna(16.76%±0.27%),Sabah(9.49%),and S.polycystum(20.34%±0.43%),but lower than that in E.cottonii(51.55%±0.57%).In Caulerpa lentillifera of Hainan and Shandong provinces,the essential amino acid(EAA)/total amino acid(TAA)ratios were 35.22%and 38.78%,respectively;and the EAA/ETAA ratios were 54.36%and 63.35%,respectively.The EAA composition of C.lentillifera was close to the ideal model of Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization.C.lentillifera was rich in mineral elements,including calcium((3315.85±127.55)mg(100 g)^-1 and(3728.35±92.38)mg(100 g)^-1),magnesium((6715.74±82.58)mg(100 g)^-1 and(8128.59±242.72)mg(100 g)^-1),and trace elements,including iron((510.65±5.47)mg(100 g)^-1 and(1972.97±183.35)mg(100 g)^-1),selenium((1.04±0.08)mg(100 g)^-1 and(0.83±0.15)mg(100 g)^-1),and zinc((33.90±0.13)mg(100 g)^-1 and(11.75±2.05)mg(100 g)^-1).These results showed that C.lentillifera was more nutritious than S.polycystum or E.cottonii in terms of polysaccharide,protein,and fatty acid contents.Furthermore,both C.lentillifera species collected from Hainan and Shandong provinces show more basic nutrients.Therefore,C.lentillifera has important development and application prospects.     

摘除眼柄对中华绒鳌蟹肝脏结构及其氨基酸含量影响的研究

报道摘除中华绒鳌蟹眼柄对其肝脏结构及其氨基酸含量的影响。实验分成两组,即摘除眼柄和对照组。摘除眼柄使中华绒鳌蟹肝脏中Ｂ细胞明显增多,Ｆ细胞和Ｅ细胞减少,促使肝脏物质的分泌和肝脏中储存的物质向精巢转移,对肝脏氨基酸含量有一定的影响。     

低盐度突变对中国对虾仔虾存活率的影响

１９９６年３－４月在山东日照市代家村对虾育苗场采集中国对虾仔虾,采用实验室培养的方法,研究中国对虾仔虾对不同低盐度突变的幅度及速率的适应能力,并对在不同盐度突变后仍能存活的仔虾体内的１８种氨基酸、１４种脂肪酸及５种维生素的含量作了分析比较。结果表明,当降盐的工范围为３／ｄ－５／ｄ时,部分仔虾可在盐度为零的淡水中存活数天。盐度的变化对仔虾体内氨基酸,脂肪酸和维生素的含量均有一定影响。     

海洋微藻脂肪酸组成的比较研究

于１９９５￣１９９７年在中国科学院海洋研究所培养２０种海洋微藻,采用Ｂｌｉｇｈ－Ｄｙｅｒ法和气相色谱法进行脂肪酸组成的比较研究。结果表明,除个别藻外,海洋微藻的总脂含量均超过其干重的１０％,每一纲藻种都有其特征脂肪酸或几种脂肪酸的组合作为其化学分类的标记：绿藻纲中除小球藻的２０：５（ｎ－３）含量较高以外,一般含有较高的１６：４（ｎ－３）,不含２２：６（ｎ－３）;硅藻纲的１６：１（ｎ－７）含量高于１     

纤维水镁石在氨基酸水溶液中的电化学及溶解作用研究

在模拟人体温度３７℃条件下,进行水镁石纤维粉尘与氨基酸作用的实验研究,测定在７２ｈ内溶液过程中ｐＨ值的电导率的变化,结果表明,纤维矿物在氨基酸中发生了有机配合作用,并且中性氨基酸对矿物的溶解能力最强。     

太湖典型植物氨基酸组成特征及其对水环境的影响

在太湖两个不同湖区(东太湖和贡湖)各选择了8种不同类型的典型水生植物和1种陆生植物全株作为研究对象,采用邻苯二甲醛柱前衍生-反相高效液相色谱法对其中15种氨基酸的组成特征进行了分析,并探讨了植物来源氨基酸对湖泊水环境的影响.结果表明东太湖区域植物体中总可水解氨基酸(THAAs)的平均含量为861.6±182.96μmol/g,贡湖区域植物体中THAAs平均含量为700.0±232.3μmol/g;不同类型植物体中THAAs的含量大小依次为:沉水植物、浮叶植物挺水植物陆生植物;其中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸、丙氨酸和赖氨酸是THAAs的主要组成部分,这5种氨基酸的摩尔浓度占氨基酸总量的50%以上;太湖植物中THAAs所含的氮元素对植物总氮的贡献在30.7%~94.7%之间,是植物体氮元素的主要组分,也是内源氮输入的主要来源.东太湖区域采集的植物样品中各氨基酸的浓度比例与东太湖水体氨基酸组成差异较大,但与沉积物氨基酸组成较吻合,表明东太湖植物来源的有机质和氨基酸是沉积物中有机质和氨基酸的重要来源.     

脂类分析在海洋微藻化学分类学上的研究进展

总结了目前脂类研究在海洋微藻化学分类学上的研究进展。所有的海洋微藻脂类都含一定的脂肪酸和甾醇,而不同种类的海洋微藻都有其特殊的脂肪酸和甾醇组成特征,我们可以运用这些特性来判别微藻可能所处的化学分类学地位：如果运用从某些藻类中发现的部分罕见脂类成分,还有可能对微藻的个别种类进行确定。随着对微藻中脂类物质分离,提取、纯化技术研究的不断深入,加上质谱、核磁共振等结构分析手段和脂类衍生化技术的日益完善,可以构建海洋微藻脂类物质组成结构快速查询信息库,并使其成为微藻化学分类的一个重要辅助手段。     

The glacial and interstadial sediments at the Burn of Benholm,Kincardineshire: evidence for onshore pre‐Devensian ice movement in northeast Scotland

Pebbly clays and diamictons containing marine shell fragments and peat lenses exposed beneath subglacially deposited Late Devensian till at the Burn of Benholm provide new insights into the glacial history of Quaternary sequences in eastern Scotland. The peat yielded pollen of interstadial affinity (including Bruckenthalia spiculifolia) and non‐finite radiocarbon dates. Comparisons with other pre‐Late Devensian pollen records in northern Scotland suggest that the peat lenses are remnants of an Early Devensian interstadial deposit, of Oxygen Isotope Substage 5c or 5a age. Reworked faunal assemblages in the shelly sediments include Quaternary marine molluscs of low boreal aspect, as well as Mesozoic and Palaeozoic microfossils. Amino acid ratios from fragments of Arctica islandica suggest that the shells are of Oxygen Isotope Stage 9 age or older. The fabric and composition of the shelly sediments are consistent with their emplacement as deformation till during the onshore movement of glacially transported rafts of marine sediment. Folded and sheared contacts between the shelly deposits, peat lenses and the overlying Late Devensian till indicate that the fossiliferous sediments were glacitectonised during the main Late Devensian glaciation, when ice moved from Strathmore and overrode the site from the southwest. British Geological Survey. © NERC 2000.     

细菌源3-羟基脂肪酸作为环境变化代用指标的研究进展

细菌源3-羟基脂肪酸(C₁₀–C₁₈)作为环境变化指示指标具有良好的应用前景,但相关研究还很不系统,在海洋环境中的应用刚刚起步。3-羟基脂肪酸主要用于环境中pH和温度的重建,通过其支链比(异构和反异构3-羟基脂肪酸之和/正构3-羟基脂肪酸之和)与pH的显著正相关关系反演环境中的pH,通过其C₁₅和C₁₇同系物的反异构/正构比(RAN₁₅和RAN₁₇)与大气年均温的显著负相关关系反演环境中的温度,相比基于GDGT或其他生物标志物的环境代用指标具有明显的优势。然而,陆地生态系统中基于3-羟基脂肪酸的环境指标不适用于海洋环境,最新研究提出了基于3-羟基脂肪酸的新的海洋温度指标(RAN₁₃),而3-羟基脂肪酸作为海洋环境中pH替代指标的成功应用尚未见报道。3-羟基脂肪酸与特定细菌群落的空间耦合或菌株培养实验显示含有3-羟基脂肪酸的细菌可能主要是变形菌、蓝细菌等。分析表明,3-羟基脂肪酸作为全球环境演变有效的替代指标需要更多的数据和证据支持,未来可从海洋适用性、新指标体系和微生物来源几个方面展开继续研究。