波浪底摩擦力对重砂富集的影响——以鲁南近岸区为例

根据浅水波浪的底摩擦效应，对鲁南灵山湾和臼－岚山镇近岸区进行了波浪的海底摩擦力计算。波浪的海底摩擦力等值图与已知滨海锆石砂矿资料对比表明，底摩擦力大于０．１８Ｎ／ｍ＾２的动力分选区有利于重矿物砂富集。据此，进一步预测了鲁南近岸带的砂矿富集区。     

The Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front: physical and biological coupling at South Georgia

The coupling of physics and biology was examined along a 160 km long transect running out from the north coast of South Georgia Island and crossing the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (SACCF) during late December 2000. Surface and near surface potential TS properties indicated the presence of three water types: a near-shore group of stations characterised by water which became progressively warmer and fresher closer to South Georgia, an offshore grouping in which sea surface temperatures and those at the winter water level were relatively warm (1.8°C and 0.5°C, respectively), and a third in which surface and winter water temperatures were cooler and reflected the presence of the SACCF. The transect bisected the SACCF twice, revealing that it was flowing in opposite directions, north-westward closest to South Georgia and south-eastwards at its furthest point from the island. The innermost limb was a narrow intense feature located just off the shelf break in 2000–3500 m of water and in which rapid surface baroclinic velocities (up to 35 cm s⁻¹) were encountered. Offshore in the outermost limb, shown subsequently to be a mesoscale eddy that had meandered south from the retroflected limb of the SACCF, flow was broader and slower with peak velocities around 20 cm s⁻¹. Chlorophyll a biomass was generally low (<1 mg m⁻³) over much of the transect but increased dramatically in the region of the innermost limb of the SACCF, where a deepening of the surface mixed layer was coincident with a subsurface chlorophyll maximum (7.4 mg m⁻³) and elevated concentrations down to 100 m. The bloom was coincident with depleted nutrient concentrations, particularly silicate, nitrate and phosphate, and although ammonium concentrations were locally depleted the bloom lay within an elevated band (up to 1.5 mmol m⁻³) associated with the frontal jet. Increased zooplankton abundance, higher copepod body carbon mass and egg production rates all showed a strong spatial integrity with the front. The population structure of the copepods Calanoides acutus and Rhincalanus gigas at stations within the front suggested that rather than simply resulting from entrainment and concentration within the jet, increased copepod abundance was the result of development in situ. Estimates of bloom duration, based on silicate and carbon budget calculations, set the likely duration between 82 and 122 d, a figure supported by the development schedule of the two copepod species. Given this timescale, model outputs from FRAM and OCCAM indicated that particles that occurred on the north side of South Georgia in December would have been in the central-southern Scotia Sea 2–3 months earlier, probably in sea ice affected regions.     

Understanding El Niño — The importance of Grey Literature in Coastal Ecosystem Research and Management

Access to information about past states of the environment and social systems is fundamental to understand, and cope with, the challenges of climate change and over-exploitation of natural resources at the onset of the 21st century. The loss of (old) data is a major threat to understanding better and mitigating long-term effects of human activities and anthropogenic changes to the environment. Although this is intuitively evident for old and local literature of any kind, even present-day international publishing of papers without the underlying raw data makes access to basic information a crucial issue. Here, we summarise experience resulting from a EU-funded International Science & Technology Cooperation (INCO) project (CENSOR) addressing Coastal Ecosystem Research and Management in the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) context. We show that indeed “Grey Literature” is still one of the most important sources of knowledge about natural science research and management of natural resource systems in Latin American countries. We argue that public archiving of original data of present-day research and old (Grey) Literature and easy public access are important for appreciating today's global environmental challenges caused by human activities, both past and present.     

Yangshan Gold Deposit: The Largest Carlin and Carlin-like Type Gold Deposit in China

Gold Headquarter of the CAPF has discovered the Yangshan super large-scale gold depositin Gansu Province, which is a great breakthrough of gold exploration and prospecting in WesternQiniing Mountains of China. The gold resources of this deposit achieved 308 tons with increasingpotentials. Preliminary geological investigations indicate that the Yangshan gold deposit is located inthe intra-continental collision orogenic belt; and the deposit was formed during the continent-continentcollision orogenic processes. The geological characteristics of the deposit are similar to that of thetypical Carlin-type gold deposits, while differences still exist. The ore-forming background is notablydifferent from the Carlin gold deposit province in the United States; and the ore-forming fluids aresimilar with that of the orogenic-type gold deposit. Accordingly, the Yangshan gold deposit is atransitional type between the Carlin-type and the orogenic type gold deposits. At present, the Yangshangold deposit is the largest Carlin and Carlin-like type gold deposit that is ever discovered in China.Researches on metaliogeny, metaliogenic model and ore-enrichment regularities of the Yangshan golddeposit are crucial to meet the pressing needs of the current geological investigation and oreexploration of the deposit.     

对北秦岭太阳寺矿集区金矿成矿特征的初步认识

甘肃省天水冯家场—两当太阳寺一带,是近年来资源评价和矿产勘查的重点,是秦岭-大别成矿省北秦岭成矿带中重要的矿化集中区。文章在分析区域构造背景的基础上,对该区成矿特征进行了初步总结,选择典型矿床进行了介绍,初次把该区命名为太阳寺矿集区,这将对该区矿产勘查工作部署,深入研究矿集区成矿规律具有参考意义。     

中国西秦岭碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

西秦岭是北接华北克拉通、西接祁连与柴达木、南接松潘—甘孜地块的东秦岭造山带的西延。文中研究了该区从前寒武纪到三叠纪的碎屑沉积岩。这些碎屑沉积岩中分离出的锆石由LA-ICPMS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱)进行了U-Pb定年。全岩Nd亏损地幔模式年龄类似于扬子克拉通年龄,主要分布于1.55~1.98Ga,峰值为1.81Ga,而与华北克拉通主要为古元古代与太古宙的模式年龄形成明显的对比。泥盆系中的碎屑锆石930~730Ma的U-Pb年龄指示其与扬子克拉通具亲缘性。930~730Ma是源区地壳的强烈增长阶段。二叠系—三叠系的碎屑沉积岩主体以含老于1600Ma的碎屑锆石为特征。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄与Sm-Nd同位素组成指示此时华北克拉通南缘的基底岩石成为二叠系—三叠系碎屑沉积岩的重要物源。扬子克拉通在三叠纪时与华北克拉通拼接。西秦岭二叠系—三叠系碎屑沉积岩含有高达50%的华北克拉通南缘的基底岩石。     

湘南新田岭白钨矿床He,Ar同位素特征及Rb-Sr测年

新田岭白钨矿床是湘南W-Sn多金属矿集区中的一个大型矽卡岩型矿床,产于骑田岭岩体北接触带.本文对矽卡岩矿石中1件黄铁矿样品进行了流体包裹体He、Ar同位素测定,获得3He/4He值为4.08 Ra,40Ar/36Ar为342,反映了在矽卡岩矿床的成矿流体中亦有地幔流体的显著参与;运用石英Rb-Sr法获得成矿等时线年龄为(157.4±3.2)Ma(2σ)(MSWD=1.6),87Sr/86Sr初始值为0.71044±0.00012,该年龄值与柿竹园超大型钨多金属矿床及芙蓉大型锡矿等的成矿年龄在测试误差范围内基本一致,表明中侏罗世是湘南地区钨锡成矿的高峰期.     

西秦岭地区生物礁与铅锌矿关系的再认识

本文以前人对西秦岭地区地层、岩相及有机地球化学研究成果为基础,结合补充的实际资料,论述了生物礁与西秦岭铅锌矿的伴生关系及其成因联系.地质建造上,规模矿床赋矿地层的共同特点是相对发育灰岩及生物灰岩;空间上,生物礁为沉积成矿洼地的障壁;层序上,沉积型铅锌矿和改造型铅锌矿与生物礁的伴生关系有所不同,前者一般赋存于生物灰岩或碎屑岩中,后者的矿体常赋存在生物灰岩与泥质岩的过渡部位,表现为礁硅岩套.与造礁生物有关的有机质可能在沉积成矿或改造成矿作用发生前的成岩过程中,参与了硫酸盐的热化学还原及铅、锌等多金属元素的萃取、运聚过程.板内伸展阶段的深源流体、陆内俯冲阶段的深源或岩浆热液注入先存的中低温富有机质卤水,分别导致了沉积和改造成矿作用发生.沿生长断裂发生的热水沉积成矿作用促进了处于低纬度地区的生物礁生长,并形成成矿洼地的障壁.生物礁在改造成矿过程中的作用主要在于形成利于改造成矿作用发生的成矿构造.     

REE Abundance and REE Minerals in Granitic Rocks in the Nanling Range,Jiangxi Province,Southern China,and Generation of the REE‐rich Weathered Crust Deposits

Studies of Mesozoic granites associated with rare earth element (REE)‐rich weathered crust deposits in southernmost Jiangxi Province indicate that they have high‐K to shoshonite compositions and belong to ilmenite‐series I‐type granites. Of the studied rocks at 59–292 ppm of bulk REE content, the highest are seen in the biotite granites of Dingnan (358, 429 ppm) and mafic biotite granite of the Wuliting Granite (344 ppm) near the Dajishan tungsten mine, both areas where weathered‐crust REE deposits occur. REE‐bearing accessory minerals in these granites are mainly zircon, apatite and allanite, and REE‐fluorocarbonates are common. REE enrichment occurs in the rims of apatite crystals, and in fluorocarbonates that occur along grain boundaries of and cracks in major silicate minerals, and in fluorocarbonates that replaced altered biotite. It is therefore thought that a major part of the REE content of these granites was concentrated during deuteric activity, rather than during magmatic crystallization. The crack‐filling REE‐fluorocarbonates could subsequently have been easily leached out and deposited in weathered crust developed during a long period of exposure.