贵州绥阳地质公园白云岩喀斯特景观特征及其形成演化分析

绥阳地质公园,位于贵州高原北部,园区内白云岩喀斯特景观总体可概括为洞穴、高峰丛洼(谷)地、丘陵、峡谷、坡立谷、象形山、天坑、石柱峰、水文遗迹等9大类,它们以中上寒武统娄山关组及下奥陶统桐梓组的白云岩地层为物质基础,有序、集中分布于双河洞、温泉、让水、金钟山等四片以金钟山至让水的分水岭为天然屏障,且相对独立的白云岩区域内,但四片区域相互之间却又以芙蓉江及其支流为连接纽带而紧密相连,共同构成一个以目前亚洲最长洞穴及全球最长白云岩洞穴为核心,峰丛、峡谷、天坑、温泉、地表河、坡立谷等为重要补充,形态优美、珍稀、雄伟、典型,且类型齐全的白云岩喀斯特景观系统。同时在对公园白云岩景观特征及区域地质背景进行分析和研究的基础上,系统研究和探讨了绥阳白云岩喀斯特"一岭两制"式的分异演化过程,并认为它是一个能充分展现白云岩喀斯特复杂演化过程和规律的典型代表地,是全球白云岩喀斯特地貌演化的杰出范例。     

高分辨率化学层序地层学在深水细粒沉积中的应用:以上扬子地区六塘露头五峰组—龙马溪组下段为例

综合化学地层学、层序地层学的理论和方法,利用重庆石柱县六塘露头实测资料及样品分析测试资料,优选出陆源输入强度相关元素组合Al-K-Ti-Rb-Cr-Zr、自生沉淀强度相关元素组合Ca-Mn-Mg-Ba-Zn、有机质吸附及还原强度相关元素组合V-Ni-Mo-U-As作为化学层序地层划分指标体系,将六塘露头五峰组划分为LCW层序,龙马溪组下段自下而上细分为MCL1-1、MCL1-2、MCL1-3、MCL1-4层序。陆源输入强度相关主量、微量元素组合总量在层序界面附近相对较高,而在最大海泛面附近相对较低,具有元素总量减少→增加的旋回性变化特征;而自生沉淀强度相关主量元素组合总量和微量元素组合总量、有机质吸附及还原强度相关微量元素组合总量在层序界面附近一般较低,在最大海泛面附近一般较高,具元素总量增多→减少的旋回性变化特征。这种不同成因意义的元素组合总量旋回性变化是区域海平面变化的响应,具有区域一致性,可作为区域地层对比依据。     

双河油田核三段Ⅱ油层组沉积微相研究

储层的微相砂体类型、几何规模特征及分布规律是分析地下油水运动规律基础。充分利用密闭取心资料,精细剖析了双河油田扇三角洲前缘储层沉积微相及其分布。在扇三角洲前缘主要发育水下分流河道、河口坝、远砂坝、前缘席状砂体、分流间湾、水下溢岸砂体、重力流砂体、前三角洲泥等8种微相砂体。微相类型及其分布控制着油水井的产液及吸水能力,控制着注入水的地下运动方式,因此利用沉积微相的研究成果,对找准剩余油富集区及强化采油可以起到较好的效果。     

Synthetic seismic illumination of small-scale growth faults,paralic deposits and low-angle clinoforms: A case study of the Triassic successions on Edgeøya,NW Barents Shelf

Fault activity and sandstone-body geometries and spread, all bear significant weight to understanding the potential hydrocarbon systems on the NW Barents Shelf. Synthetic seismic modelling of onshore sedimentary successions provides insight into the seismic resolution and expression of various sedimentological features on Edgeøya: (i) sandy growth basins in pro-delta mudstones (ii) paralic sedimentary deposits and (iii) low-angle tidally influenced progradational successions.Synthetic modelling suggests that the lithological contrast associated with sand-infilled growth basins in pro-deltaic shales, even with offsets as small as 50–75 m, will create distinct geometries in seismic data. Modelling suggests that while optimal 90° illumination, low frequency bands and more typical sedimentary velocities around 2000 m/s will generate very clear discernible growth faults, the angular lithological contrast should generate discernible features even with the high velocities and typical 20–30 Hz frequency band of seismic sections on the NW Barents Shelf. Comparing to actual seismic data in which multiples, noise and in places overburden are influential, it is possible to identify growth-fault geometries more confidently, and to link them to larger planar fault activity.Modelling other features identified in the paralic sedimentary system it is apparent that many of the massive channel or lenticular shaped sandstone bodies should be identifiable in the actual seismic, although their expression is less distinct and more easily misinterpreted than that of growth faults. It is apparent that features such as igneous intrusions, unless imaged in a “perfect” survey, can be difficult to properly identify, particularly near-vertical connections. The velocity contrast creates strong impedance along horizontal sections, but heavily fractured igneous intrusions with lower velocities could easily be assumed to be isolated sandstone bodies. While the modelling appreciates the overall wedging nature of the successions, the simplified lithological observations onshore cannot predict the probable erosion/condensation contrast associated with low-angle clinoforms which are visible in the seismic data, and hence not reproduce them easily in the models.     

山西兴县关家崖剖面马五_5亚段核形石灰岩特征及成因

在观察兴县关家崖野外露头剖面马五_5亚段核形石灰岩岩性特征的基础上,进行了薄片镜下鉴定,开展了全岩X衍射,主、微量元素,锶和碳、氧稳定同位素及有机碳分析。研究结果表明,核形石灰岩形成于开阔海环境,准同生阶段核形石发生重结晶作用,浅埋藏期压实作用使巨晶方解石呈镶嵌接触并产生压力双晶纹;马五_5亚段底部核形石灰岩形成于海平面上升过程,未受早期淡水溶蚀;马五_5亚段顶部核形石灰岩形成于海平面下降过程,明显受早期大气淡水淋滤与溶蚀作用影响;在中—深埋藏阶段受地下热液影响,在水-岩作用过程中发生了同位素交换及有机质成熟及排烃作用。该套核形石灰岩的发现,明确了马五_5亚段形成于开阔海环境,这对于马家沟组烃源岩的研究具有参考意义。     

Oxygen and carbon isotope composition from the UHP Shuanghe marbles, Dabie Mountains, China

Investigations on the oxygen and carbon isotope compositions from the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP)-metamorphosed Shuanghe marbles, that occur as a member of a UHP slab, show that the δ¹⁸ O values range from +11.1% to+20.5% SMOW, and δ¹³ C from+1.0% to+5.7% PDB, respectively. The variations in isotope compositions show a centimeter scale of homogeneity and a heterogeneity of regional scale larger than 1 meter. In contrast to the eclogite marbles from Norway, the Shuanghe marbles have inherited the carbon isotope compositions from their sedimentary precursor. The δ¹³C shows positive correlation to the content of dolomite. The depletion in¹⁸O, compared with the pmtolithic carbonate strata, might result from three possible geological processes: 1) exchanging oxygen isotope with meteoric water before the UHP metamorphism, 2) decarbonation during the UHP metamorphism, and 3) exchanging oxygen isotope with country gneiss at local scale during retrograde metamorphism. It seems that the advection of fluid in the orogenic belt was very limited during subduction and exhumation of UHP rocks. Project supported by a U. S. -China cooperative project led by Prof. Cong Bolin of the Institute of Geology. Chinese Acade-my of Sciences, and Prof. J. G. Liou of the Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University and by the National Natural Science Foundation of china (Grant No. 49794042). Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZ951-A1-401r, and National Science Foundation (Grant No. EAR-95-26700).     

风化作用对西宁盆地野外露头有机质性质的影响及校正

讨论了风化作用对西宁盆地野外露头烃源岩有机质性质的影响及校正方法。风化作用可使有机质丰度降低,风化因子为２．０７～４．４６。现今中侏罗统野外露头泥岩的有机质丰度为中等,经风化校正之后,达到了好烃源岩的标准。风化作用对有机质类型参数影响强度从弱到强的顺序为Ｈ／Ｃ原子比、αααＣ２７甾烷质量分数、干酪根碳同位素组成、红外光谱１４６０ｃｍ－１与１６００ｃｍ－１处的峰高比、干酪根显微组分质量分数、ＩＨ、Ｏ／Ｃ原子比。在研究野外露头的有机质类型时,应选取那些受风化作用影响较小的参数,作为主要指标。同时,也要参考当时的沉积环境,因为古代的沉积环境决定了现在的有机质类型。通过人工改变埋藏轨迹和地热史的研究,我们预测西宁盆地内中侏罗统烃源岩的Ｒｏ为０．８４％,已进入大量生油的成熟阶段,而中侏罗统野外露头的实测Ｒｏ为０．５９％,属于低成熟阶段,这一研究对西宁盆地的含油气远景评价无疑具有重要意义     

露头油藏的形成条件及成藏模式

露头油藏是一种潜水面控制的特殊油藏, 研究它可以丰富石油地质理论和指导干燥盆地的勘探.通过理论研究和对吐哈盆地七克台油田分析认为, 露头油藏形成于潜水面埋深较大、油源丰富、发育露头圈闭的盆地.这种油藏有2种成藏模式, 一种是在削顶背斜的翼部形成的, 另一种是在侧向岩性封堵的单斜上形成的.露头油藏具有埋藏浅(深度几十至几百m)、形成时间晚、储集层物性好(孔隙度一般大于1 5 %)的特征。      

Sedimentary processes at ice sheet grounding-zone wedges revealed by outcrops,Washington State (USA)

Grounding-zone wedges (GZWs) mark the grounding terminus of flowing marine-based ice streams and, in the presence of an ice shelf, the transition from grounded ice to floating ice. The morphology and stratigraphy of GZWs is predominantly constrained by seafloor bathymetry, seismic data, and sediment cores from deglaciated continental shelves; however, due to minimal constraints on GZW sedimentation processes, there remains a general lack of knowledge concerning the production of these landforms. Herein, outcrop observations are provided of GZWs from Whidbey Island in the Puget Lowlands (Washington State, USA). These features are characterized by prograded diamictons bounded by glacial unconformities, whereby the lower unconformity indicates glacial advance of the southern Cordilleran Ice Sheet and the upper unconformity indicates locally restricted ice advance during GZW growth; the consistent presence of an upper unconformity supports the hypothesis that GZWs facilitate ice advance during landform construction. Based on outcrop stratigraphy, GZW construction is dominated by sediment transport of deformation till and melt-out of entrained basal debris at the grounding line. This material may be subsequently remobilized by debris flows. Additionally, there is evidence for subglacial meltwater discharge at the grounding line, as well as rhythmically bedded silt and sand, indicating possible tidal pumping at the grounding line. A series of GZWs on Whidbey Island provides evidence of punctuated ice sheet movement during retreat, rather than a rapid ice sheet lift-off. The distance between adjacent GZWs of 10²–10³ m and the consistency in their size relative to modern ice stream grounding lines suggests that individual wedges formed over decades to centuries. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湖北恩施双河硒矿床地球化学特征及成因探讨

湖北恩施双河硒矿床赋硒岩石的化学成分中SiO2含量不仅相对较低,而且变化范围较大;Al2O3,K2O,TiO2,MgO含量相对较高。主要氯化物比值与火山或热水成因硅质岩接近。在氧化物协变图解中样品主要投影在火山成因区内。Al/（Al＋Fe＋Mn）的半均值约为0．72,最大值为0．93,大于生物成因型硅质岩沉积物,说明有富Al的陆源物质加入。来自深源的向量元素Se,Te,Mo表现出超异常的富集;而V,Ag,Sb,Cr等元素也有较高程度的富集,这些特征与世界上火山成因硅质岩相似。更为重要的是在赋硒岩石夹层中首次发现了泥化的火山碎屑角砾,由此表明该矿床物质来源与火山碎屑沉积物之间有着密切的成因联系。同时研究区样品中的Co/Ni〈1,U/Th〉1;在P2O5-Y的相关图解中亦呈现出某些热水成因的特点。稀土元素8Ce呈负异常,平均值为0．61;REE总量和同期、邻区的峨眉山玄武岩相近;HREE有富集趋势,北美页岩标准化稀土配分曲线以不同程度略向左倾斜,这些特征又表明该矿床在其成岩成矿过科中一定程度上受热水作用影响。