海冰非均匀条件下大气环流模式和海洋环流模式耦合的实现

通过采用一种较好地考虑了海气通量交换对下垫面特征非线性依赖的通量计算方案,利用较成熟的逐日通量距平耦合方案实现了次网格尺度海冰非均匀条件下一个全球大气环流模式和一个全球海洋环流模式在高纬地区的耦合,并完成了一个50年的长期积分。模拟结果表明,通量计算方案中水道的作用是合理的,耦合模式能较好地模拟出北半球高纬海冰的主要地理分布特征,但夏季北冰洋内部靠近欧亚大陆部分边缘海区海冰密集度偏大。     

二维圆柱坐标下FDTD法对多频电磁波测井的数值模拟

在介质围绕Z轴旋转对称的情况下,三维直角坐标下的麦克斯韦方程可变成两组分别对应TM波和TE波的二维柱坐标下的偏微分方程.采用线圈作为电磁波测井的发射器和接收器的时候,可采用TE波对应的方程,这时相当于磁极子的情况.而采用电偶极子作为发射和接收器的时候,则对应TM波的方程.采用时间和空间均为二阶精确的有限差分方法,将偏微分方程进行差分化.这样,空间的电磁场可由时间域有限差分法(FDTD)来求解.     

中国历史大疫的时空分布及其规律研究

文章从甲骨文、二十五史、十三经、古医书、笔记和杂录、地方志、类书中,获取了中国历史大疫385条(公元前13世纪至1911年)。进而,对385奈疫情的烈度进行定量分级,分析中国历史大疫的时间分布、空间分布,并提出了一些规律性见解：在历史上中国是大疫频繁发生的国家;3000多年大疫史上有两个活跃期(公元2～3世纪、16～19世纪),且有愈后愈多之势,从百年一遇,到数十年一遇、数年一遇;东部多,西部少,以长江中下游和黄河中下游地区为最甚;存在着灾害链,有旱—疫、涝—疫、饥—疫等10多种灾害链。     

Automated probabilistic classification of transients and variables

There is an increasing number of large, digital, synoptic sky surveys, in which repeated observations are obtained over large areas of the sky in multiple epochs. Likewise, there is a growth in the number of (often automated or robotic) follow‐up facilities with varied capabilities in terms of instruments, depth, cadence, wavelengths, etc., most of which are geared toward some specific astrophysical phenomenon. As the number of detected transient events grows, an automated, probabilistic classification of the detected variables and transients becomes increasingly important, so that an optimal use can be made of follow‐up facilities, without unnecessary duplication of effort. We describe a methodology now under development for a prototype event classification system; it involves Bayesian and Machine Learning classifiers, automated incorporation of feedback from follow‐up observations, and discriminated or directed follow‐up requests. This type of methodology may be essential for the massive synoptic sky surveys in the future. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

利用区域辐射特性优化获取光学遥感数据

通过分析成像过程及其影响因素,提出了对成像积分时间进行控制的优化成像方法。首先建立成像参数模型,探讨了模型参数计算、成像过程中模型参数的选择,分析了图像后处理问题,并利用北京一号小卫星进行了遥感数据优化获取实验。实验结果表明,根据地物特性进行成像参数优化后获取的图像具有更宽的动态范围和更高的辐射分辨率,信息量和信噪比也大幅增强。     

Investigation of local time dependence of Mercury's sodium exosphere based on a numerical simulation

Mercury has a surface-bounded exosphere (SBE) similar to that of the Moon. One of the atmospheric species, sodium, was found by ground-based observations to be the most prominent component. Mercury's sodium SBE is known to be non-uniform with respect to local time (LT) in low-latitude regions: the sodium column density in the dawn-side region is larger than that in the dusk-side region, and the sodium abundance is the largest in the morning-noon region. To reveal the production processes for the exosphere near Mercury's surface, the LT dependence of the exosphere was investigated through a numerical simulation. Three data sets of sodium column densities observed for the dawn-side hemisphere, observed by Sprague et al. [1997. Distribution and abundance of sodium in Mercury's atmosphere, 1985-1988. Icarus 12, 506-527], were compared with results simulated by a 3D Monte Carlo method, and the source rates and density of sodium of the planetary surface were estimated. In the simulation, the photon-stimulated desorption (PSD) and thermal desorption (TD) processes were assumed as the release mechanisms. The sodium source rates for the three data sets, at respective heliocentric distances of about 0.33, 0.42, and 0.44 AU, were estimated as 1-4×10⁸ Na/cm²/s with weak LT dependence. In contrast, the expected sodium surface density showed clear dependence on LT and the heliocentric distance. The sodium surface density decreases from early morning to noon by a few orders, and, particularly for large heliocentric distances, the surface is in a condition of sodium excess and depletion with respect to the surface sodium density assumed by Killen et al. [2004. Source rates and ion recycling rates for Na and K in Mercury's atmosphere. Icarus 171, 1-19] in the early morning and morning-noon regions, respectively. This study implies that the decrease in sodium surface density from the early morning to noon regions might produce the characteristic LT dependence in the low-latitude dawn-side region.     

On the Systematic Errors in the Astrometric Catalogues ACR and CMC13 Based on CCD Drift Scanning Observations

Error analyses are made of ACR (Astrometric Calibration Regions along the celestial equator) and CMC13 (Carlsberg Meridian Catalogue 13), two astrometric catalogues compiled on the basis of CCD drift scanning observations and published respectively before and after 2000. Through a comparison with the UCAC2 (the second U.S. Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalogue), the form and size of the errors are analyzed numerically. The main and possible sources of the errors are analyzed from the standpoint of observing mode and data reduction. It is found that there is evident magnitude difference between the ACR and CMC13 in the equatorial direction, and that there exists periodic variation close to the CCD field of view along the right ascension and also a systematic variation close to the size of reduction zone along the declination.