东亚温带气旋及其长期预报（二）：预报应用分析

本文以赤道东太平洋海温作为主导因子，分析其与东亚温带气旋的关系。得出：高海温多气旋，低海温少气旋的对应关系较为明显。并进一步对不符合这种主要关系的年份从环流型。下垫面海温等作了分类鉴别分析。     

胶州湾海水微表层粘度及其在海-气通量计算中的作用

物质海 -气通量计算新建议中将物质海 -气通量计算公式 F=K(CL- b Cg)中的 CL 用CL ( SML ) 代替。本文着重于对公式中质量迁移系数 K的讨论。在测定了海水微表层、次表层水粘度并同时测定了其它一些化学参量基础上 ,得出如下结论 :海水粘度与盐度、碱度有一定相关性 ;微表层与次表层海水的粘度变化小于 3%。因此 ,海水微表层效应影响 K值 ,与海水微表层效应影响物质浓度相比 ,可以不考虑。     

1997年夏季西北太平洋环流模拟

采用1997年7月中日副热带环流合作调查资料,即“向阳红14”号、“东方红”两调查船CTD观测资料、日本TK和IK断面资料以及GTSPP同步资料,应用开边界情形的MOM2模式计算了西北太平洋21.875°～35.125°N,120.875°～137.125°E范围的环流,主要结果如下:在此期间,(1)黑潮在台湾以东并不存在东分支流向琉球群岛以东海域;(2)东海黑潮的流量约为30×106m3/s,日本以南黑潮流量最大约为70×106m3/s;(3)在21.875°～25°N之间大约有15×106m3/s的流量向西流去.速度分布与流函数分布均表明这一支向西的海流大约在冲绳岛西南分为3支,主要分支转向东北沿冲绳岛以东海域向东北流去;(4)琉球海流主要来自上述西向海流.     

非线性洋面温度反演

本文从辐射方程出发，简述洋面温度与亮度温度之间的非线性关系，进行非线性洋面温度反演的方案设计，用正演算法 计算出非线性洋面温度反演公式的回归系数，对样进行检验。     

太平洋东南海域表层地转流场的季节及年际变化特征

利用1992~2001年Topex/Poseidon卫星高度计遥感资料分析了太平洋东南海域(5°~55°S,70°~120°W)表层流场的季节及年际变化特征。结果表明,南赤道流的季节变化主要体现在流速上,而秘鲁海流和西风漂流主要体现在流轴位置的移动上。表层流场的年际变化受El Nino影响,在El Nino期间,南赤道流和秘鲁海流均发生流向偏转现象,大部分海区流场被削弱(除低纬度海区外),而在其后的1998年La Nina期间,流场则重新被加强,西风漂流无明显的年际变化。     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Flux Measurements over the Sea Surface by Eddy Correlation and Aerodynamic Techniques

The measurements of the vertical transport of CO₂ were carried out over the Sea of Japan using the specially designed pier of Kyoto University on September 20 to 22, 2000. CO₂ fluxes were measured by the eddy correlation and aerodynamic techniques. Both techniques showed comparable CO₂ fluxes during sea breeze conditions: −0.001 to −0.08 mg m⁻²s⁻¹ with the mean of −0.05 mg m⁻²s⁻¹. This means that the measuring site satisfies the fetch requirement for meteorological observations under sea breeze conditions. Moreover, the eddy diffusivity coefficient used in the aerodynamic technique is found to be consistent with the coefficient used in the eddy correlation technique. The present result leads us to conclude that the aerodynamic technique may be applicable to underway CO₂ flux measurements over the ocean and may be used in place of the bulk technique. The important point is the need to maintain a measuring accuracy of CO₂ concentration difference of the order of 0.1 ppmv on the research vessels or the buoys.     

Oceanic iron fertilization: one of strategies for sequestration atmospheric CO2

Carbon cycle is connected with the most important environmental issue of Global Change.As one of the major carbon reservoirs, oceans play an important part in the carbon cycle. In recent years, iron seems to give us a good news that oceanic iron fertilization could stimulate biological productivity as CO2 sink of human-produced CO2. Oceanic iron fertilization experiments have verified that adding iron into high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) seawaters can increase phytoplankton production and export organic carbon, and hence increase carbon sink of anthropogenic CO2, to reduce global warming. In sixty days, the export organic carbon could reach 10 000 times for adding iron by model prediction and in situ experiment, i.e. the atmospheric CO2 uptake and inorganic carbon drawdown in upper seawaters also have the same magnitude. Therefore, oceanic iron fertilization is one of the strategies for increasing carbon sink of anthropogenic CO2. The paper is focused on the iron fertilization, especially in situ o     

崇明东滩沉积环境探讨

为探讨崇明东滩的沉积环境，了解崇明东滩的植被、水动力等对沉积的影响，对崇明进行了为期一年的实地观测和采样实验分析研究，研究结果表明：①沉积物中含有细砂、粉砂、黏土，其中粉砂是主要组分。塑造滩地的动力以潮汐作用为主，波浪作用居于次要地位；②沉积物的平均粒径自北线断面向南线断面、自高潮向低潮滩有逐渐变粗、分选变差的趋势，且平均粒径具有明显的季节变化；③潮滩季节性冲淤变化主要是与不同季节水文条件的差异性、潮滩植被季节变化及风暴天气等有关。     

渤海湾表层沉积物重金属与污染评价

用原子吸收法测定了渤海湾表层沉积物中重金属的含量,同时用2种评价方法对该海域底质环境进行了评价。结果表明:沉积物中汞、锌含量平均值超过标准,其余项目未发现超标;其分布特征由于受沿岸不同污染源的污染影响,重金属污染物难以形成一定规律的分布状态。同时该海域底质环境质量总指数已达到污染程度和很强的生态危害,其中主要污染元素是Hg,已达重污染,并形成极强的生态危害。     

Second-order random interfacial wave solutions for two-layer fluid with a free surface

1 Introduction Interfacial waves travelling along the interface between two fluids of different densities can be often observed in subsurface layers of the ocean since the upper subsurface layer is warmer over much of the o- cean (Umeyama, 2002). They are…