新疆觉罗塔格成矿带与南阿尔泰成矿带的对比研究

在总结觉罗塔格成矿带和南阿尔泰成矿带成矿特征的基础上,对这2个成矿带进行了地质成矿对比,认为该2带具有相同的"五阶段"演化历程,并发育相似的成矿地质事件与成矿地质环境,矿化特征及所发育的矿床成矿系列均具有可比性.体现了在一个成矿带内不同的构造演化阶段都具有各自的岩浆或沉积成矿作用,形成一定的矿床组合,并具有一定的演化规律;具有类似构造环境的成矿带有可能具有类似的成矿系列与演化.例如,铁、铜、铜镍、金和稀有金属等矿床的几种矿床类型在这2个带中均有产出,南阿尔泰成矿带中的喀拉通克铜镍矿床可与觉罗塔格成矿带中的黄山铜镍矿床对比.同时也指出,该2带存在明显的差异.并按成矿体系中"全位成矿"的理论,指出了在这2个成矿带作进一步研究和找矿的新方向."对比"是地学中运用最广泛的原则和方法,实际上,据此思路在近年的勘查与研究中已取得了新的找矿成果.     

新疆阿尔泰阿勒泰组沉积时代及其形成环境

阿勒泰组变质碎屑岩局部夹变质火山岩广泛分布于南阿尔泰的冲乎尔、克兰和麦兹盆地,其沉积时代和构造环境对于研究阿尔泰造山带的演化过程有重要意义。阿勒泰组碎屑锆石的年代学研究表明,碎唐锆石年龄主要集中在417-383 Ma和507-445 Ma,并出现少量元古宙和太古宙碎屑锆石。少数锆石年龄为380-354 Ma,与阿勒泰组凝灰岩和流纹岩年龄一致(376~354 Ma)。综合研究认为阿勒泰组时代为中-晚泥盆世(382-354 Ma)。阿勒泰组长石石英砂岩分选性和磨圆度较差,为近源沉积,物源岩石主要来自泥盆纪火山岩,其次是晚寒武一早奥陶世火山岩和奥陶纪花岗岩。长石石英砂岩样品具有高的La/Sc(3.9-6.3),La/Y(1.0~1.6),较低的Sc/Cr(0.2~0.4)比值,类似于大陆岛弧相关环境碎屑沉积物,结合Th-Co-Zr/10和Th-Sc-Zr/10以及La-Th-Sc判别图,认为阿勒泰组形成于与岛弧相关的构造环境(弧后盆地),为研究阿尔泰造山带泥盆纪构造演化提供了重要证据。     

中蒙跨境阿尔泰地区铍区域地球化学特征

本文收集了中蒙边界1∶100万地球化学铍数据,探讨其在不同构造单元内的背景值及区域地球化学异常特征。全区铍元素总体中位值和平均值分别是1. 93×10~(-6)和2. 08×10~(-6),中国境内铍元素中位值(1. 99×10~(-6))和平均值(2. 14×10~(-6))分别高于蒙古国境内铍元素中位值(1. 90×10~(-6))和平均值(2. 02×10~(-6));对于划分的构造单元而言,阿尔泰南缘弧盆系和阿尔泰构造带是铍元素富集区,且产出大量稀有金属矿床;根据85%累频圈定出8个铍异常区并优选出6个铍地球化学省,为该区寻找稀有金属矿床提供重要选区;该项研究填补了中蒙跨境阿尔泰地区铍地球化学分布的空白,同时为两国边境上重要矿床对比提供重要数据。     

阿勒泰地区植被覆盖度及ET对气温变化的响应

研究气温对植被覆盖度和ET (Evapotranspiration，ET)的影响，对干旱区应对气候变化、维系生态系统稳定具有重要意义。基于阿勒泰地区及周边7个气象站，CRU数据集中的气温数据及MODIS ET数据，采用Mann-Kendall非参数检验、植被盖度反演等方法，对阿勒泰地区气温变化对植被覆盖度及ET的影响进行了研究。结果表明：（1）在1901—2016年过去的116 a间，阿勒泰地区年平均气温以0.18 ℃·(10 a)^-1速率增加，在1982年由突变前的2.2 ℃增加到突变后的3.5 ℃。（2）2000—2017年阿勒泰地区植被覆盖度变化的空间差异明显，植被覆盖度增加的面积与降低的面积总体相当；全区66.71%的区域植被覆盖度变化与气温呈负相关，而呈正相关的比例仅占18.55%，且全区气温变暖而盖度降低区域的占比达31.71%。（3）2000—2016年阿勒泰地区ET总体呈降低趋势，整个区域61.65%的面积温度降低、ET降低，而19.92%的区域表现为温度增加而植被ET降低。     

新疆阿尔泰别也萨麻斯稀有金属矿床含矿伟晶岩与花岗岩围岩成因关系

别也萨麻斯矿床是目前新发现的分布在新疆北阿尔泰以Li矿化为主的花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床,具有独特性和代表性。矿区发育Li-Nb-Ta矿化和Nb-Ta矿化两类伟晶岩,二云母二长花岗岩是含矿伟晶岩脉群的直接围岩。在系统的野外地质特征调查(包括野外露头和钻孔岩芯赋矿岩系、矿化特征、蚀变类型等的详细观察)基础上,对含矿伟晶岩和二云母二长花岗岩开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和原位Hf同位素研究。获得锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为(151.0±1.8)Ma和(449.0±4.2)Ma,含矿伟晶岩形成于晚侏罗世,二云母二长花岗岩则形成于晚奥陶世。含矿伟晶岩和二云母二长花岗岩的εHf(t)值分别为0.62~1.30和1.35~6.07,二阶段Hf模式年龄为1161~1118 Ma和1345~1037 Ma。含矿伟晶岩的εHf(t)值较花岗岩小得多,二阶段Hf模式年龄与形成年龄的差值较花岗岩大得多,表明两者是阿尔泰造山带在不同演化阶段下的产物。悬殊的年龄差、不同的大地构造背景与不同的形成物源表明别也萨麻斯稀有金属矿床含矿伟晶岩与二云母二长花岗岩在成因上并无联系,近矿花岗岩围岩并非含矿伟晶岩脉的真正母体。     

Massive Sulphide Deposits Related to the Volcano-Passive Continental Margin in the Altay Region

The Devonian volcano-passive continental margin in southern Altay is a significant volcanogenic massive sulphide metallogenic belt. Acidic volcanism has been dominant on the inner side of the volcano-passive continental margin, i.e., near the old land, resulting in a Pb-Zn metallogenic sub-belt, in which the ore deposits are hosted by sedimentary rocks in volcanic series, as represented by the large Koktal Pb-Zn deposits. In the central part of the margin far away from the old land, bimodal volcanic formations are well developed, forming volcanics-hosted Cu-Zn metallogenic sub-belts, e.g., the large-scale Ashele Cu-Zn deposit. The Qiaoxiahala sub-belt on the outer side of the margin near the ocean ridge is located at the spreading central trough, where ophiolite suites are developed. This type of deposits is rich in gold and copper, similar to the Cyprus-type Fe-Cu-Au metallogenic sub-belt in metallogenic environment (represented by the Qiaoxiahala medium-scale Fe-Cu-Au deposit). From the old land to th     

新疆鸟类新纪录——白腹鹞(Circus spilonotus)

白腹鹞(Circus spilonotus)又叫东方泽鵟,在阿勒泰地区布尔津县(47°46'N, 86°49'E)有多次记录,现确定为新疆新纪录种(或亚种)。但是,在2015年5~7月繁殖期观察,发现它可能与雌性白头鹞(Circus aeruginosus)杂交。两者无论是在形态与行为,还是在地理分布隔离方面,都存在疑团,其分类地位值得商榷。     

阿尔泰山中东部西伯利亚落叶松生长量及其对气候变化的响应研究

利用阿尔泰山中东部两个样点(AYS、SYK)的西伯利亚落叶松(Larix sibirica)树轮资料,采用新疆西伯利亚落叶松一元材积式获得1969-2011年材积生长量序列。利用相关分析和回归分析等方法对生长量数据和气象资料进行分析,研究气温要素与生长量的关系及树木生长对气温和降水变化的响应。结果表明:近50 a来,西伯利亚落叶松材积生长量表现出显著增加趋势,且与生长季气温有较好的相关性;与当年6月降水量呈负相关趋势,8月降水量呈正相关趋势;生长季平均气温在19~20.9℃时,西伯利亚落叶松生长量最大;SYK样点西伯利亚落叶松生长对气温变化的敏感性高,气温每升高1℃生长量增加0.936 mm³·棵^-1;AYS样点西伯利亚落叶松生长对气温变化的敏感性较低,气温每升高1℃生长量增加0.661 mm³·棵^-1。     

新疆北部青河县阿斯喀尔特铍矿区花岗质岩石年代学及地球化学特征

新疆北部青河县阿斯喀尔特铍矿床的形成与岩浆活动密切相关,是中国花岗岩型铍矿床的典型代表。对矿区斑状二云母二长花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试,获得其加权平均年龄为(216.7±2.8)Ma(MSWD=0.48),表明该岩体形成时代为晚三叠世,据此限定阿斯喀尔特铍矿床成矿时代略晚于216 Ma,为晚三叠世—早侏罗世。岩石具有高硅(w(Si O2)=70.86%~76.34%)、富碱(ALK=5.54~9.30)、富铝(w(Al_2O_3)=13.00%~14.74%,A/CNK=0.99~1.23)、低钛(w(Ti O2)=0.02%~0.18%)和镁(w(Mg O)=0.02%~1.21%)特征,为过铝质中钾-高钾岩石系列。稀土元素配分型式显示LREE的相对弱富集,HREE较平坦以及Eu弱-中等的负异常(δEu=0.37~0.90),呈略右倾型。微量元素Ba、Sr、Hf、Ti等具负异常,Rb、Th、K、Nb、Ta、La、Ce、Nd、Sm等具正异常,Rb/Sr比值较高(9.34~26.81),显示出S型花岗岩特征。结合区域资料,认为阿斯喀尔特铍矿矿区印支期花岗岩形成于后造山构造阶段,可能是上地壳含砂泥质岩石部分熔融的产物。     

Responses to climate warming of hydrological processes in the upper Kelan River in the Altay Mountains, Xinjiang, China

Kelan River is a branch of the Ertix River, originating in the Altay Mountains in Xinjiang, northwestern China. The upper streams of the Kelan River are located on the southern slope of the Altay Mountains; they arise from small glacial lakes at an elevation of more than 2,500 m. The total water-collection area of the studied basin, from 988 to 3,480 m, is about 1,655 km2. Almost 95 percent of the basin area is covered with snow in winter. The westerly air masses deplete nearly all the moisture that comes in the form of snow during the winter months in the upper and middle reaches of the basin. That annual flow from the basin is about 382 mm, about 45 percent of which is contributed by snowmelt. The mean annual precipitation in the basin is about 620 mm, which is primarily concentrated in the upper and middle basin. The Kelan River system could be vulnerable to climate change because of substantial contribution from snowmelt runoff. The hydrological system could be altered significantly because of a warming of the climate. The impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle and events would pose an additional threat to the Altay region. The Kelan River, a typical snow-dominated watershed, has more area at higher elevations and accumulates snow during the winter. The peak flow occurs as a result of snow-melting during the late spring or early summer. Stream flow varies strongly throughout the year because of seasonal cycles of precipitation, snowpack, temperature, and groundwater. Changes in the temperature and precipitation affect the timing and volume of stream-flow. The stream-flow consists of contributions from meltwater of snow and ice and from runoff of rainfall. Therefore, it has low flow in winter, high flow during the spring and early summer as the snowpack melts, and less flows during the late summer. Because of the warming of the current climate change, hydrology processes of the Kelan River have undergone marked changes, as evidenced by the shift of the maximum flood peak discharge from May to June