Sensitivity of Climate Changes to CO_2 Emissions in China

In this study, the authors demonstrate that the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） models project a robust response in changes of mean and climate extremes to warming in China. Under a scenario of a 1% CO2 increase per year, surface temperature in China is projected to increase more rapidly than the global average, and the model ensemble projects more precipitation （2.2%/℃）. Responses in changes of climate extremes are generally much stronger than that of climate means. The majority of models project a consistent re- sponse, with more warm events but fewer cold events in China due to CO2 warming. For example, the ensemble mean indicates a high positive sensitivity for increasing summer days （12.4%/℃） and tropical nights （26.0%/℃）, but a negative sensitivity for decreasing frost days （-4.7%/℃） and ice days （-7.0%/℃）. Further analyses indicate that precipitation in China is likely to become more extreme, featuring a high positive sensitivity. The sensitivity is high （2.4%/℃） for heavy precipitation days （〉 10 mm d l） and increases dramatically （5.3%/℃） for very heavy precipitation days （〉 20 mm d-1）, as well as for precipitation amounts on very wet days （10.8%/℃） and extremely wet days （22.0%/℃）. Thus, it is concluded that the more extreme precipitation events generally show higher sensitivity to CO2 warming. Additionally, southern China is projected to experience an increased risk of drought and flood occurrence, while an increased risk of flood but a decreased risk of drought is likely in other regions of China.     

今年全球碳排放达356亿吨

正全球气候变化研究领域最具权威的学术机构英国丁铎尔气候变化研究中心,北京时间3日凌晨在《自然》杂志《自然气候变化》专刊在线发表科研报告《维持全球升温低于2℃的挑战》。该报告公布了丁铎尔中心"全球碳计划"年度研究成果和最新研究数据,报告显示,全球二氧化碳排放在2012年进一步增加,达到创纪录的356亿吨,全球化石燃料燃烧排放比京都议定书设定的基线年1990年增加了58%。     

Carbon emissions trends with optimal balanced economic growth of China and the USA and some abatement options for China

It is believed that the global CO2 emissions have to begin dropping in the near fu- ture to limit the temperature increase within 2 degrees by 2100. So it is of great concern to environmentalists and national decision-makers to know how the global or national CO2 emissions would trend. This paper presented an approach to project the future CO2 emissions from the perspective of optimal economic growth, and applied this model to the cases of China and the United States, whose CO2 emissions together contributed to more than 40% of the global emissions. The projection results under the balanced and optimal economic growth path reveal that the CO2 emissions will peak in 2029 for China and 2024 for the USA owing to their empirically implied pace of energy efficiency improvement. Moreover, some abatement options are analyzed for China, which indicate that 1） putting up the energy price will de- crease the emissions at a high cost; 2） enhancing the decline rate of energy intensity can significantly mitigate the emissions with a modest cost; and 3） the energy substitution policy of replacing carbon intensive energies with clean ones has considerable potential to alleviate emissions without compromising the economic development.     

对我国发展低碳经济的思考与建议

<正>从《京都议定书》到"巴厘岛路线图",各国在经济发展的同时,降低经济增长所带来的二氧化碳排放量已经成为全球共识。"低碳经济"概念最早出现在2003年的英国能源白皮书《我们能源的未来:创建低碳经济》,之后得     

Industrial and agricultural effects on water environment and its optimization in heavily polluted area in Taihu Lake Basin, China

The deteriorating water quality in the Taihu Lake Basin has attracted widespread attention for many years, and is correlated with a sharp increase in the quantity of pollutant discharge such as agricultural fertilizers and industrial wastewater. In this study, several factors were selected for evaluating and regionalizing the water environmental capacity by ArcGIS spatial analysis, including geomorphologic characteristics, water quality goals, water body accessibility, water-dilution channels, and current water quality. Then, the spatial optimization of agriculture and industry was adjusted through overlay analysis, based on the balance between industrial space and water environmental capacity. The results show that the water environmental capacity gradually decreases from the west to the east, in contrast, the pollution caused by industrial and agricultural clustering is distributes along Taihu Lake, Gehu Lake and urban districts. The analysis of the agricultural space focuses on optimizing key protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and the shores of Gehu Lake, optimally adjusting the second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the urban areas of Changzhou and Wuxi cities. The analysis of industrial space focuses on optimizing the downtowns of Changzhou and Wuxi cities, optimally adjusting key protected areas and second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the south and southwest of Gehu Lake. Lastly, some schemes of industrial and agricultural layouts and policies for the direction of industrial and agricultural development were proposed, reflecting a correlation between industry and agriculture and the water environment.     

全球植物叶片排放甲烷不到甲烷总排放量的1%

<正>NCAR大气化学部的一项研究发现,植物叶片暴露在阳光下时排放的甲烷量远少于以前的研究所认为的值,植物叶片排放的甲烷不到地球甲烷总排放量的1%。该发现对于农林业生产对气候变化的影响研究具有重要意义。甲烷是一种重要的温室气体,在阻拦大气热量方面所起的作用比二氧化碳强23倍。植物是炭汇,将二氧化碳储存于叶片、树皮与树干之中。植物这种蓄碳能力远远超过其产生的少量甲烷所起的作用。     

“世界第一经济大国——美国（第二课时）”的教学

一、主要教学流程二、教学过程【引入新课】上一节课我们学习了美国的地理位置和自然地理特征,从中你了解到美国有哪些＂世界之最＂？是不是所有的＂世界之最＂都会令美国人民感到骄傲呢？学生活动1：读图练习—了解美国二氧化碳排放的世界排名参考“2004年世界部分国家人均二氧化碳排放量”柱状图（见图一）,读出世界上各主要国家的二氧化碳排放量,看看美国的碳排放量位居世界第几。,     

城市废水排放量的灰色预测

城市废水排放量的灰色预测孟清旭，陈卫玉（大同市环境保护监测站）１建模方法大同市城区１９８７～１９９２年水排放量统计如下：表１大同市废水排放量表灰色理论是针对符合光滑离散函数条件的一类数列建模。其计算公式及Ｘ（０）为光滑离散函数的条件是：。。其检验结果...     

世界各国CO2排放历史和现状

根据美国橡树岭国家实验室CO2信息分析中心资料，对代表性国家的CO2排放总量和人均排放量的历史演化过程进行分析，对这些国家的CO2历史累积排放总量和人均历史累积排放量进行了计算和比较。文中提出了温室气体人均历史累积排放概念，这个概念兼顾了公正和公平及其历史与现实责任，在未来的全球气候变化历史责任分担研究中应该受到进一步重视。