Ductile Shearing in Attur Shear Zone and its Relation with Moyar Shear Zone, South India

In the eastern part of southern Peninsular India, the charnockitic hills of the Madras block are cut across by the E-W trending Attur shear zone (ASZ) which is characterised by a thick (1 to 1.5 km) phyllonite zone, showing intense mylonitisation due to ductile shearing. Steeply plunging (70°–80°) stretching lineation on steeply dipping mylonitic foliation within this zone indicates a relative vertical upliftment of the adjacent blocks. A dextral shearing event from west to east is envisaged from the kinematic analysis of shear sense indicators such as S-C fabric, asymmetric folds, asymmetric augens and asymmetric porphyroclasts. Simultaneous development of these features, related to vertical and horizontal movements may be explained by the mechanism of transpressional deformation. The Attur shear zone may be correlated with the Moyar shear zone based on distinct lithological and structural similarities.     

基于潮间带现场数据的底部切应力算法对比

底部切应力作为水动力和泥沙输移模型中的关键参数,对底床泥沙起动、侵蚀淤积速率的研究十分重要.目前基于现场实测流速数据计算底部切应力的理论方法有6种:LP-mean法、LP-max法、TKE法、TKE W法、RS法和ID法,这些方法都有其特定的适用条件.河口海岸浅水区域水流和波浪作用复杂,遴选合适的方法计算底部切应力非常...     

Impact of Cloud Microphysical Processes on the Simulation of Typhoon Rananim near Shore. Part II: Typhoon Intensity and Track

The impact of cloud microphysical processes on the simulated intensity and track of Typhoon Rananim is discussed and analyzed in the second part of this study. The results indicate that when the cooling effect due to evaporation of rain water is excluded, the simulated 36-h maximum surface wind speed of Typhoon Rananim is about 7 m s⁻¹ greater than that from all other experiments; however, the typhoon landfall location has the biggest bias of about 150 km against the control experiment. The simulated strong outer rainbands and the vertical shear of the environmental flow are unfavorable for the deepening and maintenance of the typhoon and result in its intensity loss near the landfall. It is the cloud microphysical processes that strengthen and create the outer spiral rainbands, which then increase the local convergence away from the typhoon center and prevent more moisture and energy transport to the inner core of the typhoon. The developed outer rainbands are supposed to bring dry and cold air mass from the middle troposphere to the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The other branch of the cold airflow comes from the evaporation of rain water itself in the PBL while the droplets are falling. Thus, the cut-off of the warm and moist air to the inner core and the invasion of cold and dry air to the eyewall region are expected to bring about the intensity reduction of the modeled typhoon. Therefore, the deepening and maintenance of Typhoon Rananim during its landing are better simulated through the reduction of these two kinds of model errors.     

复杂地形下雷暴增强过程的个例研究

本文基于多普勒雷达变分同化分析系统（VDRAS）反演的对流层低层热力和动力场,并结合多种稠密观测资料,对北京地区2009年7月22日一次弱天气尺度强迫下雷暴在山区和平原增强的机理进行了较深入的分析。研究结果表明：雷暴过程受大尺度天气系统影响不明显,对流前期地面弱冷锋,是此次雷暴新生的触发机制,高层冷平流、低层偏南暖湿气流的稳定维持和对流不稳定能量的聚集是本次雷暴增强的必要条件。雷暴从河北北部移进北京西北山区后,在下山和到达平原地区时,经历了两次明显的发展增强阶段。雷暴第一阶段下山增强,地形强迫起着主要作用,具体表现在三个方面：（1）地形斜坡使得雷暴冷池出流下山加速与稳定维持的偏南气流形成了强的辐合区;（2）地形抬升使得偏南暖湿入流强烈地上升,从而加剧了对流的发展;（3）地形抬高了冷池出流高度,使得出流与近地面偏南气流构成随高度顺转的低层垂直风切变,低层暖空气之上有冷平流叠加,使得雷暴前方的动力和热力不稳定增强。雷暴第二阶段在平原地区再次增强的主要原因是：组织完好的雷暴到达平原地区后,其冷池与低层暖舌在城区（朝阳地区）的对峙,产生了强的扰动温度梯度;强的冷池出流与势力相当的偏南暖湿气流相互作用产生了强的辐合上升气流,并与下沉气流在较长时间内共存;冷池出流形成的负涡度与低层切变产生的正涡度达到近似平衡状态。运用RKW理论,三者导致雷暴前方低层的辐合抬升最强,最有利于雷暴的维持发展。     

Pipe Service Age Effect on Chlorine Decay in Drinking‐Water Transmission and Distribution Systems

Maintaining acceptable quality of water transported in the transmission and distribution system requires the chlorination of water beyond the treatment plant. While flowing through pipes, the chlorine concentration decreases for different reasons. Reaction with the pipe material itself and the reaction with both the biofilm and tubercles formed on the pipe wall are known as pipe wall demand. This varies with pipe parameters. The aim of this paper was to assess the impact of the service age of pipes on the chlorine wall decay constant. One hundred and fifty three pipe sections of different sizes and four different pipe materials were collected and tested for their chlorine first‐order wall decay constants. The results showed that pipe service age was an important factor that must not be ignored. For the range of the 55 years of pipe service age used in this study, the change in the wall decay ranged from 8 to 531% of the corresponding values in the recently installed pipes. The effect of service age on the wall decay constants was most evident in steel pipes. Other important findings were reached.     

钢管水泥土围护墙等效弹性模量的有限元计算

分析了水泥土围护墙弹性模量对于控制基坑变形的重要性、根据上海某钢管水泥土墙基坑支护的工程实例建立ABAQUS平面二维有限元模型,计算钢管水泥土围护墙等效弹性模量,量化了内插钢管对提高水泥土重力式围护结构的支护强度所起到的作用,并对钢管长度、外径、间距和插入位置进行了参数分析。     

半刚接框架-斜加劲钢板剪力墙低周反复荷载试验研究

对一榀单跨两层半刚接框架-斜加劲钢板剪力墙结构进行了低周反复荷载试验,分析结构破坏模式和耗能机理,得到了承载力、延性、刚度、耗能能力等指标.结果表明:该种结构具有良好的延性和耗能性能,安全储备高;半刚框架和墙板协同工作良好;斜加劲肋的设置缓解了钢板沿拉力带方向的面外变形,提高了墙体的弹性屈曲倚载及初始刚度,减轻了滞回曲...     

复杂退台高位转换高层建筑振动台试验与分析

对一幢具有转换层的复杂退台式框架剪力墙高层建筑的1/35缩尺模型进行了模拟地震振动台试验,深入研究该结构的动力特性和地震反应特征.试验及理论分析表明:该结构的抗震性能基本满足现行规范要求;由于结构上部逐渐退台,因而结构顶部有较明显的鞭端效应;结构首层和结构转换层及其相邻层的剪力墙、转换层上下层柱是受力较大的区域,应当局...     

小剪跨比格构式混凝土墙体抗震性能试验

文章旨在研究不同剪跨比的格构式混凝土墙体抗震性能.将生产车间预制成EPS保温模块拼接成墙体模板,在横向和纵向孔洞中分别布置钢筋,然后在孔内浇筑自密实混凝土,形成“EPS新型节能”格构式混凝土墙体,然后对6个参数不同的试件进行低周反复水平荷载作用的试验.结果,墙体破坏形态为:首先墙体相邻格构柱间的连梁出现环状裂缝和“X”...     

钢管混凝土框架-混凝土核心筒减震结构振动台试验研究

某超高层钢管混凝土框架-混凝土核心筒结构因指标超限在设计中采用了耗能减震技术,为了检验该减震结构的抗震性能,制作了1/35的缩尺模型,通过在钢管混凝土框架设置阻尼器或不设置阻尼器,进行模拟地震振动台对比试验,研究了模型结构的动力特性和不同烈度地震作用下的加速度、位移和应变响应。研究结果表明:地震作用下,该钢管混凝土框架-混凝土核心筒减震结构与钢管混凝土框架-混凝土核心筒结构相比,位移、加速度和应变响应均有一定程度的降低;罕遇地震作用下,通过设置耗能减震构件,层间位移角最大值从超过规范要求的1/84减低至满足规范要求的1/130,表明该减震结构具有更优良的抗震性能。