海相页岩缝网可压性靶窗空间分布预测——以川南长宁区块为例

靶窗的确定对海相页岩气储层增产改造具有重要意义。以川南长宁地区龙马溪组海相页岩气储层为研究对象,开展氩离子抛光扫描电镜、巴西圆盘实验和压裂施工统计,分析矿物颗粒粒径和断裂韧性、地应力对裂缝在水力压裂时能否快速穿透、稳定扩展、充分转向等方面的影响。针对现有方法未充分考虑储层压裂品质的情况,简化计算流程,分别采用声波、密度、伽马和矿物含量等建立脆延性指标,采用优化后的应力与应力差耦合模型建立应力差异指标,形成基于储层缝网可压性理论、根据测井解释曲线形态判别的靶窗预测方法。研究结果表明,脆延性指标和应力差异指标曲线呈现叠合度较高的Ⅰ类双"波谷"的层位最有利于开发,其次为Ⅱ类连续交错叠置的层位,最后为Ⅲ类不连续交错的层位。对长宁地区评价井、建产井的验证与实践表明,靶窗对应的指标多呈现双"波谷"形态,但靶窗对应的层位具有差异,区内自西向东靶窗呈现1小层—2小层—1小层的演化趋势。实现不同井区差异化靶窗的高钻遇率对单井获得较大储层改造规模、较高的测试产量和稳定的累计产量具有重要的控制作用。      

华南扬子陆块西缘新元古代康滇裂谷盆地开启时间新证据

苏雄组为华南扬子陆块西缘新元古代康滇裂谷盆地开启初期的火山喷发产物,其形成时限可为制约裂谷盆地开启时间提供新证据。本文对川西汉源九襄地区新元古代苏雄组流纹岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测定。结果显示,测试样品锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为853 ±2 Ma（N=13;MSWD=3.1）,加权平均年龄为853 ±4 Ma（N=13;MSWD=2.2）。新的年龄数据表明,苏雄组的底界年龄应该下延至ca. 850 Ma,扬子西缘新元古代裂谷盆地开启时间应更改为ca. 850 Ma,与全球超级地幔柱上涌和Rodinia超大陆裂解时间基本同步。     

Paleomagnetism and geochronology of the Gwalior Sills,Bundelkhand craton,Northern India Block: New constraints on Greater India assembly

We present an updated paleomagnetic pole from the Gwalior Sills in the Bundelkhand craton within the Northern India Block (NIB). Geochronological results from baddeleyite grains from one of the sills yielded an age of 1719 ± 7 Ma which together with a previously published age indicates the emplacement of sills between 1712 and 1756 Ma (∼1730 Ma). The paleomagnetic pole calculated from additional sites in this study, combined with previous studies, falls at 13.5°N, 173.7°E (A95 = 3.6°, K = 98) indicating near equatorial latitudes for northern India. Limestone sampled a few meters above the contact with the sill exhibits similar directions consistent with having been baked by the sill. The pole does not resemble any younger poles from Peninsular India and receives a reliability score of R = 5. Dykes in the Singhbhum craton are slightly older (1765 Ma) and indicate low paleolatitudes for the Southern Indian Block (SIB). Although the Gwalior and Singhbhum poles data indicate low latitudes for both the NIB and SIB, they are statistically different and indicate that a rotation of at least 65° is required to bring the poles into accord. We propose that the NIB and SIB were in proximity but were separated by an ocean basin. We propose the name Gotosindhu (‘Ancient Sea’) for the body of water separating the NIB and SIB. We also review previous models for the assembly of the Columbia supercontinent during this time and critically examine the position of the NIB/SIB in those reconstructions.     

江南造山带中段地壳结构与成矿启示：基于广昌-浏阳剖面接收函数的认识

江南造山带位于华南大陆扬子块体和华夏块体之间，其深部地壳结构与变形特征记录了扬子块体与华夏块体拼合与相互作用的痕迹，且在其内部与邻区发育了丰富的多金属矿床，并形成了巨型Cu-Au-Pb-Zn-Ag多金属成矿带，是深化认识华南大陆地壳演化、岩浆作用与成矿系统的关键地域。针对华南大陆地区的地壳结构与成矿过程，国家科技重点研发计划“华南陆内成矿系统的深部过程与物质响应”项目在该区实施了一条密集宽频带地震流动探测剖面，旨在探测其深部结构与物性变化特征和深部成矿背景。本文利用其中江西广昌-湖南浏阳段长320km的宽频带地震流动台站数据开展了远震P波接收函数研究，获得了剖面辖区深部地壳结构和V_p/V_s变化特征。研究结果表明：(1)剖面Moho界面深度在29～35km之间变化，呈近穹窿状分布，平均Moho界面深度为31km左右，低于全球大陆地壳平均值，且与地形高程在整体上呈镜像相关，均衡程度较好；(2)剖面沿线地壳V_p/V_s在1.64～1.83之间呈波浪状起伏变化，平均值为1.72左右，且华夏块体略高于江南造山带...     

城巴断块震旦系陡山沱组地层对比与划分及沉积相研究

研究城巴断块震旦系陡山沱组沉积相及地层对比与划分,旨在为探讨陡山沱组黑色岩系成矿性打下基础。通过野外观测和室内综合研究,结合区域地层对比,明月剖面的第一、二段大致相当于川西观音崖组第一段的滨海相沉积,第三段大致相当于峡东剖面第二段的深水相沉积,第四段的条带状白云岩组合和川西剖面及峡东剖面基本一致。将明月地区陡山沱期的沉积相模式归结为浅海陆棚盆地—水下隆起带—次深海陆棚边缘盆地的模式,为下一步找矿指明了方向。     

The Early–Middle Triassic Supervolcano in the Yangtze Block,South China and associated obstacles to biotic recovery

The end–Permian mass extinction was one of the major global crises spanning the entire Early Triassic or longer. Eruptions of volcanos were one of the factors that delayed the biotic recovery after this event. Supervolcano eruptions can cause catastrophic effects on global environment, climate, and life. Here we investigate the tuff layers from Early–Middle Triassic boundary in the Yangtze Block and identify a supervolcano eruption event. The zircon U–Pb ages of the section–Langdai, section–Daijiagou and section–Longmendong tuff samples are 247.1 ± 1.9 Ma, 247.6 ± 2.0 Ma and 247.7 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively. These ages mark the Olenekian–Anisian boundary. The zircon grains from the tuff layers have negative ε_Hf(t) (−15.3 to −0.8), two–stage Hf model (T_DM2) ages (1.7 to 2.2 Ga) and display high–δ¹⁸O values (mostly > 10‰). Clay minerals and quartz dominate the rock composition. The whole rock compositions show that the tuff layers were derived from magma of intermediate to felsic composition, which formed by the remelting of Paleoproterozoic materials of continental crust. The volcanic eruption site is located in the Jinshajiang–Ailaoshan–Song Ma suture zone in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block. A combination of the closure of the Paleo–Tethys Ocean Basin and the collision of the Indochina Block and South China contributed to the eruption, which was a supervolcano eruption under the active continental margin arc settings. We speculate that this supervolcano eruption might have contributed to the delayed biotic recovery after the end–Permian mass extinction.     

哈萨克斯坦S区块盐构造类型及其成因机制

哈萨克斯坦S区块构造位于滨里海盆地阿斯特拉罕—阿克纠宾斯克隆起带与中央坳陷带的东部,滨里海盆地是一个典型的含盐盆地,盆地内盐岩经历了多期的构造运动,形成了丰富多样的构造类型。盆地中部阿斯特拉罕—阿克纠宾斯克隆起带和南恩巴隆起之间的区域,是一个重要的油气聚集区。以地球物理学、地质地震模型等理论为基础,针对该区盐构造类型及其成因机制进行分析,总结与盐相关的盆地地质特征,对含盐盆地发现油气具有非常重要的意义。