CYS-300型全液压地热水井钻机的研制

本文介绍了CYS300型全液压地热水井钻机的性能参数、关键机械部件结构及液压系统的设计。钻机选用齿轮泵作为液压系统动力元件,配合液压多路阀实现对动力头双液压马达和给进油缸等执行元件液压油的合流,通过液控二速阀实现动力头双液压马达的串并联工作,输出4种转速和扭矩,在满足钻机性能参数设计要求的同时,简化液压系统的设计,减少液压系统能量损耗,降低维护和使用成本。钻机采用油缸三链条倍速机构实现动力头的给进提升,具有结构简单、性能可靠、抗冲击能力强、提升平稳等优点。现场工程施工应用表明：CYS300型全液压地热水井钻机性能稳定可靠,工艺和复杂地层适用能力强,操作安全舒适,钻进效率高。     

CMIP5模式对东太平洋ITCZ偶极子模态模拟能力的评估

本研究利用第五次国际间耦合模式比较计划(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, CMIP5)中的24个模式的工业革命前控制试验(Pre-industrial Control, picontrol)模拟结果, 结合观测资料, 评估了24个CMIP5 模式对东太平洋热带辐合带偶极子(Eastern Pacific ITCZ dipole, EPID)降水模态的模拟能力, 并建立了其与模式对热带太平洋气候态模拟之间的联系。结果表明: 1) 绝大多数模式在北半球春季(2—4月)对EPID模态模拟能力较差, 主要原因在于CMIP5模式对热带辐合带(Intertropical Convergence Zone, ITCZ)的模拟偏差, 其中模拟效果较差的模式在2—4月的气候态降水分布在赤道以南, 且降水普遍偏强; 2) 对各模式的EPID模态选取的季节按照技巧评分最高进行调整后, 大部分模式能较好地模拟出EPID模态的空间分布特点, 技巧评分在0.6以上, 其中模拟效果好的模式(技巧评分大于0.7)中EPID模态出现的月份同时在中东太平洋气候态表现出“双ITCZ”特征, 且多模式集合结果的模拟误差小于绝大多数模式。     

站点尺度的青藏高原时序NDVI重构方法比较与应用

基于卫星遥感的植被指数时序数据广泛应用于植被覆盖监测、生物量反演等多个研究领域,但由于传感器本身、大气条件、环境特征等因素引起的噪声会影响数据的应用效果,因此开展植被指数时序数据重构研究具有实际意义。本文基于2000-2015年MODIS归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)数据,采用三次样条函数法、双逻辑斯蒂函数法和奇异谱分析法3种常用方法,对青藏高原106个气象站点所在的典型覆被NDVI时序数据进行重构,并以植被物候信息提取作为应用,比较分析了3种算法的保真性、细节拟合能力及物候特征提取效果。研究表明, D-L及Spline函数分别对受冰雪及云层影响较大(荒漠、灌木、林地)及较小的覆被类型(草原、农作物)表现出较好的细节拟合能力;SSA方法拟合能力较差,易出现NDVI重构曲线整体“下移”的现象,造成峰值拟合结果偏低,并且表现出NDVI绝对值越小拟合效果越差的现象。从保持原始数据真值的能力来看,受噪声点影响较大的覆被类型(林地、灌木、草原)Spline函数略优于D-L函数法;而林地类型中SSA方法表现优于D-L函数法。从物候信息提取结果来看,D-L函数法所提取的生长季稍有提前,Spline函数及SSA方法分别表现出生长季开始点及结束点滞后的现象,灌木、林地类型表现出明显的年际波动变化的特征,荒漠类型由于NDVI绝对值偏低,3种方法物候提取结果一致性表现出锯齿状不规则波动。此外,D-L方法生长季开始期(SOS)和生长季结束期(EOS)在各覆被区均小于其他方法,波动较大;SSA方法提取的EOS在大部分覆被地区大于其他方法;Spline提取结果的年际波动与SSA高度相似。该研究可为高原植被不同覆被类型下NDVI时序数据噪声去除的方法选择提供借鉴。     

嵌入式GIS系统实时响应的软件方法实现

嵌入式GIS的大量应用使得研究其实时性具有现实意义,选定嵌入式处理器等硬件平台后,可通过软件方法改善其实时性能。空间数据组织结构、多任务双缓存技术、地图符号绘制算法和合理数据调度等方法在本文中被详细阐述以提高实时性。测试结果表明,综合运用这些方法是有效的。     

2017~2018年山东长岛震群双差波速比特征分析

通过限定震群集中区范围,剔除同一台站记录的震中位置相近且具有相同路径的地震波,使用双差波速比两次差分的方法,对2017~2018年长岛地区发生的2个震群的波速比值开展特征分析。通过对震相数据敏感性分析得出,双差波速比方法对Pg波到时较为敏感,资料处理时需要将Pg、Sg波震相误差分别控制在0.02 s和0.20 s以内。最终分析结果显示,长岛震群波速比值在1.69~1.78范围内波动,波速比变化与震群活动过程密切相关;震群几次较大余震发生前,波速比呈现低值状态;主震和余震的波速比变化存在差异,可能反映二者发震机理有所不同。     

Satellite and ship observations of Kuroshio warm-core ring 93A off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific, in spring 1997

Synoptic ship and satellite observations were performed of the Kuroshio warm-core ring (KWCR) 93A and its adjacent waters, off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific, between early April and late June 1997. The temporal and spatial distribution of chlorophylla (Chl-a) and sea surface temperature in the study area were analyzed using data from ADEOS Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The objective of this study was to describe the temporal and spatial variability of the spring bloom and understand its relationship with the changes in the hydrographic structure of these waters in and around KWCR 93A. The maximum value of Chl-a concentration in the ring was less than 1 mg/m³ during April. The spring bloom in the ring occurred early in May and the relatively high maximum (>1.0 mg/m³) continued from early in May to mid-June. In late June, a ship-observed surface Chl-a concentration of less than 0.4 mg/m³ suggests that the spring bloom had already declined in and around KWCR 93A. Double spiral structures of warm and cold streamers appeared from late April to mid-May, which may have an influence on the occurrence of the spring bloom in and around the ring. In this episodic event, the warm streamer can maintain the available potential energy of the ring and the strength of upwelling around the ring. The cold streamer provided water with a high Chl-a concentration to the surface layer of the ring. In order to understand the temporal and spatial variability of Chl-a distribution in the ring, the behavior of the warm and cold streamers needs to be taken into consideration.     

Some Investigations on Early Organization of Karst System

Karstsystemsaredynamicsystemsinspontaneoussuc-cessiveevolutionarisenfromtheinteractionbetweenwaterflowandsolub1emedium-Thecircu1ationofwaterprogres-sivelyandcontinuouslymodifiesthestructureofmediumfield,consequentlymodifyingthehydraulicbehaviorofthesystemitself'Someauthors(e.g.,FordandWilliams,l989)believedthatmostcarbonaterockswillbecomeconduitaquifersifsurficialerosionisnegligibleorsufficienttimeisgiven.Karstsystemsfailtodevelopconnectedconduiteitherduetoincompleteextension(becauseinsuffici…     

FEM validation of a double porosity elastic model for consolidation of structurally complex clayey soils

Laboratory consolidation of structured clayey soils is analysed in this paper. The research is carried out by two different methods. The first one treats the soil as an isotropic homogeneous equivalent Double Porosity (DP) medium. The second method rests on the extensive application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) to combinations of different soils, composing 2D or fully 3D ordered structured media that schematically discretize the complex material. Two reference problems, representing typical situations of 1D laboratory consolidation of structured soils, are considered. For each problem, solution is obtained through integration of the equations governing the consolidation of the DP medium as well as via FEM applied to the ordered schemes composed of different materials. The presence of conventional experimental devices to ensure the drainage of the sample is taken into account through appropriate boundary conditions. Comparison of FEM results with theoretical results clearly points out the ability of the DP model to represent consolidation processes of structurally complex soils. Limits of applicability of the DP model may arise when the rate of fluid exchange between the two porous systems is represented through oversimplified relations. Results of computations, obtained having assigned reasonable values to the meso‐structural and to the experimental apparatus parameters, point out that a partially efficient drainage apparatus strongly influences the distribution along the sample and the time evolution of the interstitial water pressure acting in both systems of pores. Data of consolidation tests in a Rowe's cell on samples of artificially fissured clays reported in the literature are compared with the analytical and numerical results showing a significant agreement. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长江三峡库区秭归杨林桥镇震群成因

对三峡数字地震台网记录的2016年3—6月三峡工程库区秭归库段杨林桥镇小震群进行双差精定位,通过Snoke方法计算该震群中较大地震的震源机制解,并结合野外宏观调查等方法,分析震源参数的时空变化特征。结果表明:杨林桥镇小震群密集分布在2 km×3 km矩形范围内,有较明显的展布方向,但与邻近的仙女山断裂、九畹溪断裂和天阳坪断裂走向不一致;震群距长江干流超过10 km,与三峡水库无水利联系,无相关性;震群展布方向上有岩溶洞分布,且降雨丰富,初步判断成因类型为岩溶塌陷型。