山东半岛的海陆风环流及其影响

利用山东半岛３２个气象站１９８７￣１９９１年自记风资料，分析了山东半岛海陆风环流的特征。包括：海陆风的强度和频数、生消时间、水平及垂直伸展距离等。结果表明，白天山东半岛有海风生成时，半岛中部常存在一条辐合线，在夏秋季节常伴随阵雨与雷暴的生成，有时可诱发强对流天气。     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF OROGRAPHIC INFLUENCE ON LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATION

Orographic effects on monthly-and seasonal-scale low frequency oscillation are investiged in terms of a five-level global spectral model with a triangle truncation at wavenumber 10 that contains relatively full physical parameterization, followed by analysis and comparison of the lowpass filtered data separately obtained from models with and without orography. Results show that remarkable seasonal characteristics are displayed in the orographic forcing-generated low frequency wavetrain on monthly and seasonal scales. It is found that the Northern Hemisphere summer orography-produced tropical heating acts as source of the low-frequency wavetrain for both hemispheres. Besides, the simulations indicate that the orographic wavetrain perturbation can give rise to the anomaly in the equatorial zonal flow, whose transient forcing will cause a new wavetrain in the Southern Hemisphere, thus completing the cross-equatorial propagation of the northern wave in interhemispheric action.     

地形与双冷锋的锋生过程

本文利用半地转模式，讨论了双冷锋的锋生过程及其越过山脉的演变。结果显示，在变形场作用下，双冷锋在移行过程中会发生上层锋合并的现象。在锋生过程中，下层前一条冷锋加强远大于后一条，在上层则是后一条冷锋的加强远大于前一条。地形对双冷锋有重大影响，山的迎风坡对冷锋移行有阻挡作用，并削弱锋的强度，背风坡则加速锋的移行，并加强锋的强度。山对双冷锋的上层锋的合并有促进作用，并造成近地面锋区呈现鼻状突出；地形促使锋区垂直速度大大增大，并导致其产生跳跃式变化；地形对锋的影响限于下层锋区。     

深海洋底热泉生态系和冷泉生物研究综述

现代海洋学、微生物学和生物学的研究表明，在深海火山活动和板块消减带所形成的地质背景下分别可能有海底热泉和冷泉的存在。在这种海底热泉和冷泉区的特殊环境中能够能海底热泉生态系的冷泉生物。它们能够依靠体内共生化学厌氧合成细菌产生营养，因而可能存在于完全缺氧的还原环境。海底热泉和冷泉生物学研究是对传统的生物学和地质学的挑战，人们还可能通过古代海底热泉和冷泉生态系的识别和分析，对涉及生命发生、生物演化、生物     

大地水准面异常地震层析和地慢热动力模型

当人们使用长波长的地震层析数据利用地震波速和密度的实验关系外推而直接计算地球大地水准面异常时惊奇地发现，计算大地水准面异常和观测大地水准面异常无论在异常型态或者异常幅度上均相差甚远。因而不能将地幔看做“刚性”地幔，而真实的地幔应当是一“动力”的地幔，它的内部，甚至被看做固体地幔内部也存在物质流动，否则无法解释上述两种水准面的差异。地幔，特别是下地幔远比人们设想的要活跃得多。地幔内部存在一个复杂的热动力系统。全球规模的大尺度对流、上地幔范围的二级对流、层状对流、核－幔边界上部Ｄ″层内很小尺度对流以及地幔热柱形式的对流可能同时存在于地幔之中，它们相互独立又相互影响，而形成多层次、多形态的运动格局。为了进一步完善、丰富人类对其赖以生存的地球的认识，除了需要建立更为合理的非线性的地幔热动力学模型之外，更加精细的、更加精确的大地测量、地球物理和地球动力学观测资料是必需的。     

Thermal convection of soil air on hillsides

Although diffusion is usually considered to be the main transport process for volatile constituents in the unsaturated zone of soils and other surficial materials, an alternative process of thermally driven convection may be significant, especially on hillsides and over irregular bedrock. Convection in this mode is driven by buoyancy forces arising from differences in soil-air density in a temperature gradient. For bodies with sloping boundaries, the conventional Rayleigh criterion is not directly applicable, so that flow of air is possible in a wide variety of situations. Numerical simulations for several simple cases show that air convection is expected within relatively permeable materials such as sandy soils, gravel deposits, and talus on slopes.     

Meridian-scanning photometer, coherent HF radar, and magnetometer observations of the cusp: a case study

The dynamics of the cusp region and post-noon sector for an interval of predominantly IMF B_y, B_z < 0 nT are studied with the CUTLASS Finland coherent HF radar, a meridian-scanning photometer located at Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, and a meridional network of magnetometers. The scanning mode of the radar is such that one beam is sampled every 14 s, and a 30° azimuthal sweep is completed every 2 minutes, all at 15 km range resolution. Both the radar backscatter and red line (630 nm) optical observations are closely co-located, especially at their equatorward boundary. The optical and radar aurora reveal three different behaviours which can interchange on the scale of minutes, and which are believed to be related to the dynamic nature of energy and momentum transfer from the solar wind to the magnetosphere through transient dayside reconnection. Two interpretations of the observations are presented, based upon the assumed location of the open/closed field line boundary (OCFLB). In the first, the OCFLB is co-located with equatorward boundary of the optical and radar aurora, placing most of the observations on open field lines. In the second, the observed aurora are interpreted as the ionospheric footprint of the region 1 current system, and the OCFLB is placed near the poleward edge of the radar backscatter and visible aurora; in this interpretation, most of the observations are placed on closed field lines, though transient brightenings of the optical aurora occur on open field lines. The observations reveal several transient features, including poleward and equatorward steps in the observed boundaries, braiding of the backscatter power, and 2 minute quasi-periodic enhancements of the plasma drift and optical intensity, predominantly on closed field lines.     

三峡东区春季首次强降水的气候特征

应用１６年ＮＭＣ常规资料和卫星ＯＬＲ资料,分析了三峡东区春季首欠强降水的气候特征,其特点：以西路冷空气影响为主,与高原的对流系统有直接联系,从中南半岛向东北,经我国西南的低层暖湿空气输送带是春季强降水的必要条件。     

ISUAL探测器在青藏高原南麓地区对于红色精灵现象的观测分析

本文利用福卫二号卫星（FORMOSAT-2）搭载的高空大气闪电影像仪（Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightnings, ISUAL）于2004～2015年期间获得的数据，分析了青藏高原南麓地区（22°～30°N, 86°～98°E）观测到的多例红色精灵事件。通过与全球闪电定位网（World Wide Lightning Location Network，WWLLN）的观测资料进行对比，在分析了17次个例后发现对于大部分红色精灵事件，ISUAL给出的定位效果较好，与WWLLN的闪电定位结果偏差一般小于50 km，这与在北美及其邻近地区得到的结果一致。在此基础上，我们结合风云二号卫星的云顶亮温数据分析了青藏高原南麓地区红色精灵的母体雷暴特征，发现在青藏高原南麓地区除了中尺度对流系统外，小尺度对流系统也是这个地区产生红色精灵的主要天气系统。