高空急流入口区次级环流在一次突发性强降水过程中的作用

通过对 1999年秋季一次突发性降水过程高空急流的分析 ,发现急流入口区南侧辐散 ,其低层辐合上升 ,当低层有印缅槽活动的时候 ,对流加强 ,印缅槽发展 ;急流入口区北侧辐合 ,其低层辐散下沉 ,有向南的非地转风     

THE STUDY OF STORM RAINFALL CAUSED BY INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NON-ZONAL HIGH LEVEL JET STREAK AND TYPHOON IN THE DISTANCE

In this paper, statistics were analyzed concerning correlation between the storm rainfall far from typhoon and non-zonal upper-level jet stream. The results show that the jet stream at 200 hPa is constantly SW (90.2 %) during the period in which storm rainfall occurs. Rainfall area lies in the right rear regions of the jet axes. While the storm intensifies, the jet tends to be stronger and turn non-zonal. With the MM4 model, numerical simulation and diagnosis were carried out for Typhoon No.9711 (Winnie) on August 19 to 20, 1997. The distant storm rainfall is tightly correlative to the jet and low-level typhoon trough. The divergence field of jet is related to the v component. The upper level can cause the allobaric wind convergence at low level. This is the result of the form of low-level typhoon trough and the strength of the storm. By scale analysis, it is found that there is a branch of middle scale transverse inverse circulation in the right entrance regions behind the jet below the 300-hPa level, which is very important to the maintenance and strengthening of storm rainfall. This branch of inverse circulation is relative to the reinforcement of jet's non-zonal characteristics. From the field of mesoscale divergence field and non-zonal wind field, we know that the stronger symmetry caused by transverse circulation in the two sides of the jet, rainfall’s feedback and reinforcement of jet’s non-zonal characteristics had lead to positive feedback mechanism that was favorable of storm rainfall’s strengthening.     

西风爆发时赤道西太平洋的热量平衡：个例分析

The responses of sea surface temperature (SST) in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool to the west erly wind bursts (WWBs) play an important role in the relationship between WWB and ENSO. By using da ta collected from eight buoys of TOGA (Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere)-COARE (Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment), the heat balances of the upper ocean in the western equatorial Pacific around 0°. 156°E during two WWB events were calculated according to Stevenson and Niiler＇s (1983) method. In both events, SST increased before and after the WWBs, while decreased within the WWBs. The SST amplitudes approximated to l℃. Although sometimes the horizontal heat advections may become the biggest term in the heat balance, the variation of SST was dominated by the surface heat flux. On the other aspect, some different features of the two events are also revealed. The two cases have different variation of mixed layer depth. The depth of mixed layer is almost double in the first case (35 m to 70 m), which is caused by Ekman convergence, while only 10m increments due to entrainment in the second one. There are also differences in the currents structure. The different variations of thermal and currents struc ture in the mixing layers accounted for the different variation of the heat balance during the two events, es pecially the advection and residue terms. The seasonal variation of SST in this area is also investigated sim ply. The first WWB event happened just during the seasonal transition. So we considered that it is a normal season transition rather than a so-called anomaly. That also suggested that the seasonal distinction of the WWB is worthy of more attention in the researches of its relationship to ENSO.     

中国夏季主雨带的形成过程

我国夏季主雨带的形成，是从上一年夏季开始的，共经历3个阶段，（1）上一年5－9月副热带西风急流的孕育期，（2）10－3月西风急流发展期，（3）西风急流为西太平副热带高压替代期（本年5－9月）－主雨带形成，在3个阶段中，北半球大气加热场上制约西风急流变化的最活跃的因子，是高，中纬地区由流状低云和冰雪盖交替进行的冷却大气过程。     

吐鲁番一场罕见降雪天气个例分析

对“2000·2”罕见降雪天气过程分析表明,低层强烈的辐合上升运动和低空急流的突然增强是产生降雪的关键.     

丘陵山区低空急流特性分析

利用丘陵区边界层实测资料，分析了该地区８－９月份低空急流的特征及其演变规律；并从测站所处的地理环境，山凰 地形的力差异以及适中的风平流作用等，探讨了测站上空逆温的形成及其对低空急流的形成和维持作用，根据地形热力差所导致的气压斜压性，研究了低空急流的生消可能机制。     

气旋爆发性发展过程的动力特征及能量学研究

本文对不同路径的爆发性气旋进行了动力特征及能量学研究。发现高空大值位涡空气的下伸是气旋爆发性发展的一个重要条件。初生气旋逐渐向强位涡区移近并形成上下位涡区相接的形势。使气旋迅速发展。高空急流与气旋发展有密切关系。发展中的气旋明显地向着急流左侧的辐散区移动。急流的突然加强及高空强风动量的不断下传，构成了下层的强风带及上下一致的急流结构。能量学研究指出在气旋发展前气旋内散度风动能向旋转风动能的转换突然增强。散度风动能在爆发气旋发展时有明显增长。     

1986/1987厄尔尼诺期间的西风强化和海气相互作用过程分析

本文利用欧洲中期数值天气预报中心(ECMWF)西北太平洋上空(25°—35°N,110°—180°)850 hPa客观分析的西风分量,计算了1986/1987厄尔尼诺期间的西风强度.结果表明1986年12月—1987年5月西风的累计强度比1986/1987厄尔尼诺前后诸年份同期的西风更强,这种强化与历次厄尔尼诺期间西北太平洋副热带高压的加强是一致的,都反映了哈德莱环流的强化.为了探讨大气环流发生这种变化的原因,作者利用中美海气观测期间的海洋资料,说明了热带两太平洋东部对低纬度大气异常的加热和西部边界流向中纬度海洋输送热量的减少是两个十分重要的原因.     

台风“榴莲”暴雨的湿位涡诊断分析

分析 2 0 0 1年 7月 2 - 3日台风“榴莲”暴雨过程中湿位涡及其各分量的变化 ,发现对流层低层 85 0 h Pa湿位涡的负值中心、 70 0 h Pa湿位涡的正值区与强降水中心相对应 ;急流与层结稳定度的变化 ,影响着湿位涡的变化     

同向圆射流混合特性实验研究

利用声学多普勒流速仪(Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry,ADV)自动测速系统和平面激光诱导荧光(Plane Laser Induced Florescence,PLIF)系统对同向圆射流的速度场和浓度场进行了系统的研究,并与前人的工作进行了比较和讨论。时均特性测量结果表明,射流主体段下游各断面的速度和浓度横向分布是自相似的,且近似可用高斯分布来表示;随着射流向下游传播,射流中心流速逐渐衰减,在强射流区和弱射流区遵循不同的规律;紊动特性测量结果表明,下游各断面的紊动强度横向分布是自相似的。