瓮安震旦系磷块岩中的生物成矿作用

生物的聚磷作用是磷块岩形成不可忽视的因素,海相磷块岩的大规模形成与生物成矿作用之间的关系十分密切。黔中地区震旦系有较厚的含磷岩层,震旦纪生物群的复苏和繁盛可能对同期磷块岩的沉积有促进作用。文章以震旦系瓮安富磷地层中抽提的有机组分为主要研究载体,采用生物标志物等技术从分子水平对其进行测试。结果表明:正构烷烃等多种分子化石的存在,暗示其生物母质源于菌藻类;正构烷烃δ(~(13)C)值变化曲线反映了南沱冰期后海洋中低等水生生物的种类相对单一。     

黔东南地区平秋金矿构造控矿规律及成矿预测

锦屏县平秋金矿为湘黔金成矿带上的典型矿床。文章在全面剖析平秋金矿控矿构造特征的基础上,重点分析了剪切带构造(F_1)在本区金成矿上的作用,总结了其联合控矿规律,并在矿区外围圈定找矿靶区4处,在矿区深部优选隐伏矿体定位预测区段4处。     

云贵高原东南部地壳各向异性初步研究

云贵高原东南部地区位于贵州西南部及广西西北部。 我们选用中国地震科学台阵一期在广西、 贵州区域内的50个流动台站记录的2011年6月至2013年3月的地震波形资料, 运用剪切波分裂系统分析方法(SAM), 得到了可用于分析的10个台站地震资料, 获得剪切波分裂参数即快剪切波偏振方向和慢剪切波时间延迟。 结果表明, 云贵高原东南部地区的地壳各向异性呈现南北分区的特点。 广西西北部地区的快剪切波优势偏振方向为NW—SE, 与华南地块主压应力方向一致。 贵州西南地区位于扬子板块和华南褶皱系右江褶皱带的过渡带, 其快剪切波优势偏振方向近NE—SW, 与华南地块主压应力方向近似垂直, 反映出区域内复杂的构造背景及应力环境。 将云贵高原东南部慢剪切波时间延迟与川滇地块以及华夏地块东南部对比可知, 云贵高原东南部地壳介质各向异性程度更接近于华南地块。     

黔西南隐伏岩体圈定与金矿物源探讨

黔西南金矿勘查已升级至国家战略层面,弄清其成因机制具有重要意义。综合运用区域重磁资料,对区内深部基底物质进行研究,通过对浅、深部隐伏岩体圈定及地质-重力模型异常拟合计算,结合区域地质、矿产及化探资料,提出金矿成矿物源,主要有两种供给方式,一种为前人的由表层沉积岩提供矿源层,一种为本研究提出的由深部以中生代花岗岩或变质基底(含基性-超基性岩浆岩类参与)提供矿源层。厘定了12处浅部隐伏岩体异常区,分离出4大深部岩浆岩块体。研究成果基本反映了区内的客观地质现象和地质作用结果,为研究区金矿勘探提供相关依据。     

黔东南气温变化对蒸发皿蒸发量的影响分析

利用1980-2010年黔东南地区16个地面气象站逐月实测资料,采用灰色关联度方法分析了蒸发皿蒸发量对各气象要素的影响程度,通过经验正交函数分解方法(EOF)提取了第一特征向量场的时间系数并进行了Mann-Kendall突变检验和线性倾向估计分析,以及利用非线性回归方法建立数理模型确定气温变化对蒸发皿蒸发量的影响等。结果表明,黔东南地区的蒸发皿蒸发量与气温、湿度、降水量等因子有关系,并与气温的关系最为密切;同时,该地区气温出现了明显的升温趋势,即20世纪90年代中期是该地区年气温突变的关键时期,其气温倾向率为0.25℃.(10a)-1,通过了α=0.05显著性水平检验;在气温升高1℃的情况下,蒸发皿蒸发量增加了5.93%～8.04%,并自东向西逐渐递减,与海拔呈反相关关系。     

Climatic characteristics of rainstorms in main flood seasons of GuiZhou

利用1981—2010年30 a贵州省83个地面气象观测站月降水量和月暴雨日数资料,采用合成、方差分析和经验正交函数（EOF）分解,着重讨论贵州省主汛期6-7月暴雨日数的空间分布及其时间演变特征,进而对6-7月暴雨日数EOF第一模态的时间序列作小波分析、趋势分析及突变检验,分析贵州省6-7月暴雨日数时间序列的短期气候特征。结果表明：近30 a贵州省6-7月暴雨日数与降水量的时空分布一致,并对降水量有主要贡献。暴雨日数的空间分布存在3个暴雨多发区和2条暴雨少发带,范围最广、强度最大的暴雨多发区位于省之西南部,大值中心在六枝、晴隆和镇宁附近。暴雨日数时间序列的变化在20世纪90年代是偏多时期,20世纪80年代和21世纪至今是偏少时期。贵州省6-7月暴雨日数EOF第一模态时间序列在20世纪90年代存在显著的3～5 a年际震荡,在1981—2010年间总体变化趋势分为3个时段：1981—1990年、1991—2000年和2001—2010年,呈＂降—升—降＂变化,没有明显的突变点。     

The relations between land use and karst rocky desertification in a typical karst area,China

Karst rocky desertification (KRD) is one major type of desertification which is under irrational human impact on the vulnerable eco-geo-environment. In this study, Zhudong fengcong rocky desertification landscape was selected to investigate the land use types distribution law in different rock types and the KRD land in different land use types. KRD data was determined by user–computer interactive interpreting method from Aster images in 2004, according to the exposed ratio of rock, the coverage of vegetation and soil in 0.2 km² unit, integrating with land utilizing present situation map, hydrogeology map, relief map, vegetation map, soil distribution map, as well as the practical investigation and the population census datum in 2002. Results showed that the occurrence ratio of KRD land is different in land use types and rocky assemblages obviously; land cover has a strong impact upon KRD. The sloping cropland distributed in homogenous limestone has a higher occurrence ratio of light KRD, secondly, is in the limestone interbedded with clastic rock. Light KRD land was dominated by shrubland, and sloping cropland accounts for 11.67% of it, moderate KRD land was dominated by moderate coverage grass slopes, strong and extremely strong KRD was dominated by rocky dry land which is difficult to use.     

论贵州煤层气地质特点与勘探开发战略

贵州煤层气地质条件具有“一弱、两多、三高、四大”的特点,即龙潭组富水性弱,控气构造类型多和煤层层数多,煤层含气量高、资源丰度高、储层压力及地应力高,以及煤层气资源量大、煤级变化大、煤层渗透性变化大和地质条件垂向变化大。贵州煤层气的赋存特点,一方面体现出其煤层气资源富集程度高、储层能量大、开发潜力巨大的优势;另一方面存在影响煤层渗透性及储层改造的不利因素,因此煤层气勘探开发需要寻找新的思路与方法。针对贵州省目前煤层气地质研究程度,提出近期应加大对煤层气勘探开发投入,准确摸清全省煤层气资源潜力状况,在此基础上分析各类煤层气开发技术对煤层气地质条件的适应性,进而合理制定煤层气资源勘探开发利用战略与规划。根据贵州省煤层气的开发现状建议将织纳煤田作为现阶段煤层气地面勘探开发的主攻区域,借鉴煤层气开发晋城模式,尽快在未采动区实施以地面直井和丛式井组为主的上部煤层群煤层气开发先导性示范工程;对六盘水及其他煤田则可借鉴淮南模式,通过远距离保护层大面积采动卸压,综合利用采前、采中、采后矿井和地面煤层气抽采技术,实施采动区煤层气开采,继而建设与之配套的分布式煤层气小型化利用、储运技术与装置。     

贵州省晚三叠世含煤地层特征及对比

贵州省晚三叠世地层分布在罗甸—贵阳—遵义—正安一线以西地区,主要为一套陆相或海陆相互相碎屑含煤沉积,厚87～2 400m。地层岩性、厚度变化较大,含煤性差异明显。通过对岩性、岩相、古生物和地层发育特征等分析研究,将全省晚三叠世地层划分为3个区：①黔西南区,地层出露较为齐全,地层厚度最大;②黔中南区,缺失了赖石科组和火把冲组,把南组相变为三桥组;③黔西北区,地层缺失较多,仅保存二桥组。在综合分析各分区地层岩性组合及地层相变与缺失规律的基础上,对该区含煤地层进行了对比。     

Lead isotopic systematics for native copperchalcocite mineralization in basaltic lavas of the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China： Implications for the source of copper

The Emeishan continental flood basalt, which is widespread in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces of Southwest China, is the volcanic product of a Permian mantle plume, and native copper-chalcocite mineralization associated with the basalt is very common in the border area of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. The mineralization occurred in the tuff intercalation and terrestrial sedimentary rock intercalation which were formed during the main period of basalt eruption. The orebodies are controlled by the stratigraphic position and faults. Metal ore minerals in the ores are mainly native copper, chalcocite and tenorite, with small amounts of chalcopyrite, bomite, pyrite and malachite, and sometimes with large amounts of bitumen, carbon and plant debris. Several decades of ore deposits are distributed in the neighboring areas of the two provinces, while most of them are small-scale deposits or only ore occurrences. By comparing the lead isotopic composition of the ores with that of the wall-rocks, cover and basement rocks of various periods, the source of copper in this type of ore deposits was studied in this paper. The results showed that: (1) The Pb isotopic composition of the ores from ten deposits is absolutely different from that of sili-ceous-argillaceus rocks of the Upper Permian Xuanwei Formation, limestones of the Lower Permian Series and Carboniferous, Cambrian sandstone-shale and recta-sedimentary rock and dolomite from the upper part of the Meso-Proterozoic Kunyang Group, This indicates that ore lead was derived neither from the cover rock nor from the basement rocks; (2) Although the Neo-Proterozoic Siman dolomite and silicalite, and dolomite in the lower part of the Kunyang Group are similar in Pb isotopic composition to the ores, lead and copper contents in these rocks are very low and they have not made great contributions to copper mineralization; (3) The ores have the same Pb iso-topic composition as the basalt, the latter being enriched in copper. These facts indicate that lead and copper were derived from the basalt. According to the regional geological data and the geological-geochemical characteristics of the ore deposits, it is suggested that ore-forming materials were leached out from the basalt. The thickness and buried depth of the basalt and regional tectonic dynamics can affect the formation of large-scale copper deposits. Therefore, exploration for this type of ore deposits should be conducted in the areas from western Yunnan to western Sichuan, where there are developed basalts of great thickness, with extensive tectonic movement and magmatic activity.