Characteristics of the top ten snowstorms at First-Order Stations in the U.S.

Snowstorms can produce varying degrees of damage depending on the amount and intensity of the snowfall over a given amount of time. Concurrent weather conditions such as freezing rain and high winds often exacerbate the amount of damage received. In order to assess the frequency of potentially damaging conditions during climatologically significant snowstorms, the top ten snowstorms (TTS) at individual First-Order Stations in the eastern two-thirds of the conterminous U.S. were determined, and the hourly weather conditions during each event were analyzed. The results show that TTS have occurred as early as September and as late as June, with January being the peak month of occurrence. Hourly precipitation totals during TTS were 2.3 mm or less 88% of the time. Seven percent of TTS were classified as a blizzard with over half of the blizzards occurring in the West North Central region. The most common concurrent weather condition during a TTS was fog followed by blowing snow. Regionally, heavy snow events in the Northeast had relatively higher precipitation amounts, colder temperatures, higher winds, and more fog and blowing snow than any other region.     

贵州近44a降雪天气形势及物理量诊断分析

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和观测资料,对1962-2005年贵州出现的九次大范围持续时间较长的降雪天气过程的大气环流场、水汽和动力诊断进行分析,并与2008年1月28日降雪天气特征进行匹配验证.结果表明:北脊南槽型、横槽南支型、平直多波动型和高空急流型是造成贵州降雪的主要环流特征;冷空气南下及蒙新高地冷高压和滇黔准静止锋的维持是降雪天气发生的地面重要因素;南支波动是造成强降雪的基础条件;700 hPa西南暖湿气流引导孟加拉湾水汽向西南地区输送,为贵州降雪提供了必要条件;强烈的上升运动为降雪提供足够的动力条件;28日降雪天气特征与历史降雪特征高精确的匹配一致.     

黑河春末初夏径流量与气象要素的关系

本文利用莺落峡水文站的水文资料和祁连气象站的气象资料,分析了春末初夏黑河流量与气象要素的关系。发现4月份流量主要取决于前期降雪、积雪量,其次是当月的气温高低;5,6月流量主要取决于5,6月降水量,其次是前期降雪、积雪量和5月份气温高低。这项工作的目的是为流量预报提供依据。     

ECMWF细网格TP产品在北疆降雪天气中的预报性能检验

基于升级后的EC细网格TP降水量预报产品,对北疆2015年17场降雪天气的12h累积降雪量,主要运用平均误差、平均绝对误差和均方根误差进行了检验。结果表明,该模式在北疆降雪天气预报中小雪的预报准确率最高,暴雪最小;预报准确率随时效的延长并非都是减小的;小雪空报率较高、暴雪漏报率较高,中雪和大雪空报率和漏报率都不容忽视;小雪和中雪的3种误差均较小,随时效的延长变化较小;强降雪(大雪及以上量级)的误差较大,随时效的延长有增大的趋势;模式对小雪的预报总体为系统性偏大,对强降雪预报则为明显的系统性偏小,对中雪的预报系统性偏向不稳定。     

2017—2018年辽宁地区三次降雪天气的GPS水汽变化特征

利用欧洲中心（European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF） ERA-interim再分析资料、常规气象观测资料及GPS （Global Position System）系统探测的大气可降水量（Precipitable Water Vapor,PWV）资料,对2017—2018年辽宁地区三次中雪及以上量级的降雪过程中大气可降水量的演变特征进行分析。结果表明：三次降雪过程中PWV均呈现单峰式结构,其与小时降雪量之间存在较好的时间对应关系,降雪时段对应PWV高值阶段;在降雪出现前6—15 h,PWV迅速增加,且PWV总增长量与降雪强度存在较好的正相关关系。     

韶关市降雪天气的分析和预报

全市性降雪是韶关市的灾害性天气之一。本文分析其气候特点、环流背景以及天气形势，并应用数值预报产品和实时资料相结合总结建立全市性降雪的短期预报指标。