基于BSR的AVO正演估算水合物含量方法的研究

水合物地震属性研究的一个基本目标是水合物/游离气含量的估算. 这项工作的难度体现在地震反演具有多解性. 这项工作涉及到地震数据的精细处理、速度分析和BSR界面AVO分析等多个具体环节. 本文继承前人的有关成果,尝试进行了水合物/游离气含量估算方法的研究. 以区域地质、地震和化探等多元方法信息为基础,以定性推断BSR以及BSR界面AVO性质为导向,通过AVO正演模型方法,半定量（或定量）地估算BSR界面上与下地层中水合物/游离气（或水合物/水合物）的含量. 运用这种方法,结合海上有利于天然气水合物的E研究区某测线地震资料,尝试估算了BSR界面之上和之下介质中水合物/游离气的含量.     

无单元法用于地震波波动方程模拟与成像

波动方程方法是解决地震正反演问题的基本工具之一.无单元法作为一种新兴的偏微分方程数值计算方法,已经在材料力学、热传导等领域取得了显著的成功.由于抛弃了单元的概念及采用滑动最小二乘的拟合方法,使得无单元法具有前处理简单、精度高、独立变量解高次连续等优点.本文首先介绍无单元法求解波动方程的原理,指出影响其精度的主要因素.在算例的基础上详细讨论了无单元法用于实际波动问题的效果,并进一步尝试利用无单元法进行地震波数值模拟和反演成像的研究.模型计算的结果表明,无单元法能够较好的处理地震模拟和成像问题,精度和稳定性是令人满意的.     

方位各向异性粘弹性介质波场数值模拟

当地震信号通过复杂地球介质时,地层除了表现为各向异性,还表现为内在的粘弹性特征.因此,为准确描述地震波在地球介质中的传播特征,理想的地球介质模型应该能够模拟岩石的各向异性特征和衰减特征.本文给出了各向异性粘弹性介质模型的波动方程及其差分格式,并利用有限差分法实现了地震波波场数值模拟.结果表明了该介质模型中地震波场特征与各向异性主轴方位和介质的粘滞性参数之间的关系.     

基于线框模型的复杂断层三维建模方法

建立了包含复杂断层面地质体的三维数学模型.为准确表达复杂地质体各要素的空间几何形态及其相互之间的关联关系,设计了线框单元体模型,并提出了整体描述断层面的技术思路,解决了地层交错情况下断层面和地层面的模拟难题;在上述基础上,结合平面地质图数据,实现了复杂地质条件下三维地质体模型的构建.     

柴达木盆地时序量预测与多因子建模

以新一轮国土资源大调查“柴达木盆地地下水资源及其环境问题调查评价”项目为依托,围绕时序预测建模软件(Time Series Forecast V1.0)的研发与应用,按照现代预测学理论对柴达木盆地的水文、气象等多因子时序量进行了百年预测。针对多因子综合评价模型提出并采用了先进可行的“主成分”分析法,建立了“特征向量”与“综合指标”的对等关系,从而避免了以往诸多评价模型中人为因素的干扰,提高了预测结果的可信度。     

基于机器学习的格点气温预报订正方法

使用2017年9月至2021年3月国家级业务化运行的智能网格实况分析产品和欧洲中期天气预报中心全球模式(EC)产品,根据湖北省的地理分布特征构建6个分区,采用基于LightGBM机器学习算法建立的气温预报方法,生成湖北省0.05°×0.05°格点气温预报产品。利用2021年4—9月的预报产品和格点实况资料进行检验,结果表明:基于机器学习的气温预报方法(MLT)取得了较好的预报效果,其在0～72 h时效内优于中央气象台下发的气温精细化指导预报(SCMOC)和EC产品;MLT在山区的误差较平原大,但山区的订正幅度大于平原,日最高气温的订正幅度大于日最低气温的订正幅度;4—9月MLT、SCMOC、EC产品的平均绝对误差(MAE)日变化都呈现了白天偏高、夜间偏低、午后凸起的单峰特征,MLT的MAE值较SCMOC和EC产品的更低,并且在转折性天气中仍具有优势;站点检验与格点检验结论一致,基于格点建模的气温预报产品对站点预报同样得到了订正。机器学习在格点气温的模式订正方面可以作为一个行之有效的手段。     

南粤古驿道历史建筑数字化保护与VR场景构建

南粤古驿道遗留了众多文化遗产,具有较高的历史、艺术、科学价值,但历史建筑损坏较为严重.为推进南粤古驿道活化利用,本文采用精细三维建模技术与虚拟现实(VR)技术实现了南粤古驿道的数字化保护.首先对南粤古驿道遗址进行了分析,然后从数据采集、点云数据处理、几何模型加工、纹理贴图等方面阐述对历史遗迹进行精细三维建模和VR场景构...     

A unified CFD‐DEM approach for modeling of debris flow impacts on flexible barriers

This paper presents a unified modeling framework to investigate the impacts of debris flow on flexible barriers, based on coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD‐DEM). We consider a debris flow as a mixture of fluid and particles where the fluid and particle phases are modeled by the CFD and the DEM, respectively. The fluid‐particle coupling is considered by the exchange of interaction forces between CFD and DEM calculations. The flexible barrier is simulated by the DEM as a network of bonded particles with remote interactions. The proposed coupled CFD‐DEM approach enables us to conveniently handle the complicated three‐way interactions among the fluid, the particles, and the flexible barrier structure for debris flow impact simulations. The proposed approach is first used to investigate the influences of channel inclination and the volumetric solid fraction in a debris mixture on the impact force, the resultant deformation, and the retained mass in a flexible barrier. The predictions agree well with existing experimental and numerical studies. We further examine the possible failure modes of a flexible barrier under debris flow impact and their underlying mechanisms. The performance of different components in a flexible barrier system, including single wires, double twists and cables, and their load sharing mechanisms, are carefully evaluated. The proposed unified framework offers a novel, promising pathway towards physically based, quantitative analysis and design of flexible barriers for debris flow mitigation.     

山东省枣庄市中心城区三维地质模型建立研究

目前,直接基于钻孔构建三维地质模型的研究中存在钻孔难于获取、产状信息分布稀疏、建模结果难以人工交互干预等问题,该文以山东省枣庄市中心城区三维地质建模为例,提出一种基于剖面单元格,借助平面地质图添加虚拟钻孔的三维地质体建模方法,实现了基于平面地质图添加虚拟钻孔方式生成精准的剖面图。该方法不仅为解决当前建模中存在的数据不足、建模自动化程度较低及精度不够的问题提供了新的思路,扩大了三维地质建模可利用的数据源,实现了三维地质模型构建,为进一步实现钻孔、剖面与平面地质图数据融合进行模型优化和逐步求精打下了基础,为今后开展三维地质建模工作提供了参考。     

A densification mechanism to model the mechanical effect of methane hydrates in sandy sediments

Recent pore-scale observations and geomechanical investigations suggest the lack of true cohesion in methane hydrate-bearing sediments (MHBSs) and propose that their mechanical behavior is governed by kinematic constrictions at pore-scale. This paper presents a constitutive model for MHBS, which does not rely on physical bonding between hydrate crystals and sediment grains but on the densification effect that pore invasion with hydrate has on the sediment mechanical properties. The Hydrate-CASM extends the critical state model Clay and Sand Model (CASM) by implementing the subloading surface model and introducing the densification mechanism. The model suggests that the decrease of the sediment available void volume during hydrate formation stiffens its structure and has a similar mechanical effect as the increase of sediment density. In particular, the model attributes stress-strain changes observed in MHBS to the variations in sediment available void volume with hydrate saturation and its consequent effect on isotropic yield stress and swelling line slope. The model performance is examined against published experimental data from drained triaxial tests performed at different confining stress and with distinct hydrate saturation and morphology. Overall, the simulations capture the influence of hydrate saturation in both the magnitude and trend of the stiffness, shear strength, and volumetric response of synthetic MHBS. The results are validated against those obtained from previous mechanical models for MHBS that examine the same experimental data. The Hydrate-CASM performs similarly to previous models, but its formulation only requires one hydrate-related empirical parameter to express changes in the sediment elastic stiffness with hydrate saturation.