A Comparative Study of Landsat‐7 and Landsat‐8 Data Using Image Processing Methods for Hydrothermal Alteration Mapping

Comparing spaceborne satellite images of Landsat‐8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat‐7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) was undertaken to investigate the relative accuracy of mapping hydrothermal alteration minerals. The study investigated the northern part of Rabor, which contains copper mineralization occurrences, and is located in the Kerman Cenozoic magmatic assemblage (KCMA), Iran. Image processing methods of band ratio, principal component analysis (PCA), and spectral angle mapper (SAM) were used to map the distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks associated with the porphyry copper mineralization. The band ratio combination of both sensors for mapping altered areas showed similar outcomes. PCA exposed variations in the spatial distribution of hydroxyl‐bearing minerals. The representation of hydrothermal areas using OLI data was more satisfactory than when using ETM+ data. SAM analysis found similar results for mapping hydroxyl‐bearing zones. Verification of the results came through ground investigation and laboratory studies. Rock samples (n = 56) were collected to validate results using thin sections, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and spectral analyses. Field observations and laboratory analysis revealed that phyllic and propylitic alterations dominate the alteration zones in the study area. Argillic and iron oxides/hydroxides alterations were observed to a lesser degree. The results indicate that alteration maps prepared by OLI data using PCA for visual interpretation are more suitable than those of ETM+ due to a higher radiometric resolution and lower interference between vegetation and altered areas. As the spectral bandwidth of ETM+ band 7 covers absorption feature of propylitic alteration, better mapping of propylitic alterations is achieved using ETM+ data.     

MapGIS图像分析系统在区域重力点设计图制作中的应用

为提高区域重力点设计的进程,扫描1∶5万地形图作为地理工作底图,再利用MapGIS软件“图像处理”模块和“图像分析”模块等功能,对扫描的光栅图像进行格式转换和标准图幅的误差校正,并在校正后的光栅图像上设计重力点,最终得到与实际位置对应较好的重力点设计图。研究表明,该方法简单、快速、质量高,便于系统及时提取和数字化管理重力点。     

欧亚地震带地震活动增强与中国大陆地区7级以上地震发生的关系分析

根据欧亚地震带7级以上地震释放能量与全球7级以上地震释放总能量之比,利用χ²检验方法对欧亚地震带地震活动增强与中国大陆地区7级以上地震发生的关系进行了统计检验。结果表明,当出现欧亚带年地震释放能量比高于50%且有8级以上地震发生时,其后3年内中国大陆地区将有发生多次7级以上地震或8级地震的可能性,这个关系在10%的显著水平下通过显著性检验。     

唐山7.8级地震前的震中迁移与远台前兆的关系

以震中迁移始发点的前兆讨论了唐山7.8级地震震中位置的预测,并以此为例分析了汶川8级地震和芦山7级地震的前兆问题。另外,从震中迁移延长线上的前兆来讨论了唐山大震的发生时间。     

基于MapGIS—Surfer联合的地球化学制图

首先对比Surfer和MapGIS软件的优缺点,主要在于：Surfer具有强大的数据处理功能,图形处理较差;MapGIS具有完美图形处理功能而数据处理功能较差。其次指出部份学者在应用这二款软件中的不足之处,并提出以MapInfo文件格式为数据交换基础的,基于MapGIS—Surfer联合图方法。最后给出了基于MapGIS和Surfer联合制作地球化学图及规范化操作,旨在提供一种将这二款软件优势充分发挥出来,且具有快速、高效、高质量、低成本的地球化学图件制作之途径。     

基于GIS的地质灾害危险性模糊数学评判

以福建长泰已发生地质灾害为例,选取相对高差、流水地质作用、过程降雨量、地形坡度、岩土体类型、断裂构造、道路开挖堆填、已有地质灾害等7个评价因素,采用模糊数学评判方法,运用GIS平台进行指标取值、分级与成图,最后完成地质灾害危险性评价。经验证,定量评价与定性评价结果较吻合,证明基于GIS的地质灾害危险性评价是切实可行的,结论是可信的。     

1：25万南京市幅数字地质图制作方法浅析

利用MapGIS平台完成1：25万南京幅地质图数字化,对其项目的原始资料的要求,工作方法、流程,数字化录入操作规程,图层文件的建立及属性输入,全过程的质量管理,图幅主要地理地质内容,做了一些简单分析。     

Could CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b be remnants of evaporated gas or ice giants?

We present thermal mass loss calculations over evolutionary time scales for the investigation if the smallest transiting rocky exoplanets CoRoT-7b (∼1.68R_Earth) and Kepler-10b (∼1.416R_Earth) could be remnants of an initially more massive hydrogen-rich gas giant or a hot Neptune-class exoplanet. We apply a thermal mass loss formula which yields results that are comparable to hydrodynamic loss models. Our approach considers the effect of the Roche lobe, realistic heating efficiencies and a radius scaling law derived from observations of hot Jupiters. We study the influence of the mean planetary density on the thermal mass loss by placing hypothetical exoplanets with the characteristics of Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus to the orbital location of CoRoT-7b at 0.017 AU and Kepler-10b at 0.01684 AU and assuming that these planets orbit a K- or G-type host star. Our findings indicate that hydrogen-rich gas giants within the mass domain of Saturn or Jupiter cannot thermally lose such an amount of mass that CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b would result in a rocky residue. Moreover, our calculations show that the present time mass of both rocky exoplanets can be neither a result of evaporation of a hydrogen envelope of a “Hot Neptune” nor a “Hot Uranus”-class object. Depending on the initial density and mass, these planets most likely were always rocky planets which could lose a thin hydrogen envelope, but not cores of thermally evaporated initially much more massive and larger objects.     

MapGIS和ArcGIS平台在菏泽城镇地籍管理信息系统建设中的综合应用

菏泽市在第二次全国土地调查城镇地籍调查工作中,综合应用MapGIS,ArcGIS基础平台,Oracle数据库和GPS,GIS,RS技术,建立权属清楚、界线与分类准确、数据可靠、图表、实地与数据库一致的城镇地籍数据库和地籍管理信息系统,为准确掌握土地利用动态变化趋势,提高节约集约利用水平,满足国土资源"批、供、用、补、查"统一监管平台和一张图建设管理需要,实现调查成果的信息化、网络化管理和土地资源的社会化服务,提供可共享的空间和属性数据;为领导宏观决策、政府各部门制定可持续发展战略规划提供科学依据和技术支撑。     

基于MapGIS的徐州市矿产资源潜力评价数据库建设

为了科学合理地对徐州市境内的矿产资源潜力进行评价,寻求地区经济与社会的可持续发展的资源优势,以现有资料为基础,对多源数据进行规范整理,统一空间坐标参数,利用MapGIS和Access软件,初步建立了图形数据属性数据相结合的徐州市基础矿产地质数据库。结合项目的需要,依据规范建设专题数据库,为开展区内现代矿产资源潜力评价工作奠定了基础。