基于信息量模型法的石阡县地质灾害易发性评价

以贵州省石阡县为研究区,选取8个影响地质灾害发育的因素作为评价因子.采用信息量模型法对各评价因子进行信息量计算,将区域地质灾害易发性划分为低、中、高、极高易发区4个等级,分别占研究区面积的21.08％、35.13％、25.53％、18.27％.结果表明:石阡县地质灾害低、中、高、极高易发性面积分别为457.99 km2...     

Review of Tourism Ecological Security from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization Construction

In the era of sustainable development, the ecological impact of the development of the tourism industry has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life. Generally considered, tourism ecological security (TES) is an important link to realize the high-quality development of tourism destinations and promote the construction of ecological civilization. Based on keyword discrimination of TES, tourism ecological risk and tourism ecological health, and from the perspective of ecological civilization construction, this paper uses the databases of Web of Science and CNKI as data sources to systematically comb and analyze TES research from the aspects of development process, research methods and research content, and puts forward the prospects for future research on this basis. This analysis found that research in the TES field presents four main characteristics. (1) The phased characteristic of “germination - exploration - development” is significant, and a relatively standard research framework of “evaluation - influencing factors - early warning - regulation” has been formed. (2) The empirical orientation of the research methods is distinct. (3) The development trend is characterized by small-scale dominance and a large-scale surge. (4) The disciplinary integration and practical combination have been continuously strengthened. Combined with the development trends and hot spots of TES, this paper proposes that the direction and goal of deepening TES research in the future should be carried out from the aspects of strengthening research on thresholds, early warning and regulation, improving the application of big data, constructing the synergistic effect mechanisms between tourism and ecology, and realizing the longitudinal deepening and interconnection of scale research.     

High-quality Development Paths of Ice-snow Tourism in China from the Perspective of the Winter Olympics

Preparations for the Beijing Winter Olympics have promoted the rapid development of ice-snow tourism in China, which contributes to achieving the goal of having “300 million people participate in ice-snow sports”. This paper analyzes the status quo and problems associated with the growth of ice-snow tourism in China based on the methods of documentation and field investigation. The results indicate that China’s efforts have born abundant fruits. Notwithstanding, there are still some problems due to the limited time and hastened process of ice-snow tourism development, including unreasonable exploitation, low-quality products and services, imperfect investment and financing system, inadequate management, a single marketing mode, and insufficient talent teams. Compared with developed countries in Europe and the United States, ice-snow tourism in China is in the stage of rapid development. To achieve the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China, this paper proposes actions from eight aspects which involve policy, products and services, marketing, safety management and control, talent teams, standardization construction, science and technology, and community participation. This study can provide references for the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China, as well as perfecting Chinese theoretical research on ice-snow tourism.     

贺兰山寒武纪早期苏峪口组水下冲积扇的发现及意义

寒武纪早期的苏峪口组是贺兰山地区地质历史重要转换时期的地质单位,长期被认为是近岸海滩沉积.通过3年来对苏峪口组的研究,新识别了苏峪口组沉积环境为一个水下冲积扇,在岩性、岩相、生物群等方面都有新的发现和新的认识.水下冲积扇以冲刷面为底,砾石成分比较复杂,具砾砂混杂、不等粒结构,内部发育递变层理,具重力流的沉积特征.全区辉绿岩脉锆石年龄集中在5.3～5.4 Ma,是开裂盆地早期出现的标志年龄,说明开裂盆地的出现是造成苏峪口组早中期水下冲积扇发育的主要原因.     

膨胀土干湿循环过程孔径分布试验研究及其应用

采用压汞法对膨胀土干湿循环过程孔隙大小分布的演化规律进行了试验研究,结果表明,随着循环次数的增加,膨胀土的总孔隙体积、孔隙率和平均孔径等微结构参数均递增;分析了试验结果产生偏差的原因,其一是干湿循环过程中膨胀土试样的体积收缩,其二是孔隙形状和测试压力有限的影响,在此基础上对试验数据进行了合理修正。结合毛细管模型,利用修正的孔径分布曲线推算了膨胀土干湿循环过程中的土-水特征曲线,并分析了干湿循环过程中基质吸力的变化规律：以含水率28%为分界点,含水率大于该值时基质吸力随循环次数N的增加而线性递增,含水率小于该值时基质吸力随循环次数N的增加而线性递减;在此基础上,建立了基质吸力与循环次数之间的关系,为解释膨胀土力学特性的干湿循环效应开辟了一条新途径。     

石棉尾矿硫酸铵焙烧法提取氧化镁制备碱式碳酸镁的实验研究

基于石棉尾矿中富含氧化镁组分的特点,在矿物学特征研究基础上,采用硫酸铵焙烧法提取氧化镁,利用浸出液硫酸镁制备碱式碳酸镁。采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和TG-DTA对不同温度条件下所获得的产物的物相、形貌、分子振动光谱和热效应变化等特征进行了分析和表征。结果表明:利用硫酸铵焙烧产物的浸取液,在低于65℃的水溶液中所制备的产物为针状水合碳酸镁;在高于85℃时制备的产物为片状碱式碳酸镁;在75℃温度时形成短柱状或颗粒状水合碳酸镁和片状碱式碳酸镁的混合物。对水合碳酸镁加热,在100℃脱去部分水合水和二氧化碳后转变为片状碱式碳酸镁。研究结果对石棉尾矿的资源化利用和环境保护具有一定的理论和实际意义。     

胀缩性土抗拉强度试验研究

抗拉强度是黏性土重要的力学指标之一。自行研制了简易土工拉伸仪,并通过试验确定了合适的制样方法。在此基础上,对具有胀缩性的武鸣红黏土和百色膨胀土分别进行试验,探讨了其抗拉强度与干密度、含水率、干湿循环次数等影响因素的关系,研究结果表明：两种土的抗拉强度-含水率曲线在饱和度接近66%时出现峰值,该峰值对应含水率接近最优含水率,峰值两侧呈指数关系变化,抗拉强度随含水率的变化规律受土中水的形态影响。抗拉强度随干密度的增加而线性递增,增加幅度显著。抗拉强度随干、湿循环次数增加而衰减,1～2次循环时,强度衰减幅度最大,但3次循环后,趋向于一稳定值,稳定值为初始值的20%左右,土体干、湿循环后抗拉强度降低是微结构劣化的结果。     

晚第四纪黄土古温度定量重建研究进展

中国黄土是古气候研究的重要陆相沉积载体。定量重建黄土记录的古温度变化信息对于理解气候变化的机制具有十分关键的作用。过去主要借助磁化率、植硅体、游离铁与全铁、甘油二烷基甘油四醚(GDGT)等代用指标对黄土高原地区黄土记录的古温度变化进行定量研究。在简述晚第四纪黄土古温度定量重建常用方法的基础上,对各种指标的局限性进行了分析。准确定量重建黄土记录的古温度序列需要开展多指标、多方法的交叉检验。     

Strain, Kinematic Vorticity and Ductile Thinning along the Detachment Zone of the Yunmeng Shan Metamorphic Core Complex, Beijing, China

The Yunmeng Shan metamorphic core complex (MCC) is composed of the lower plate, the upper plate and the detachment zone. The detachment zone consists of ductile shear zone (mylonite zone), chloritized microbreccias zone and the brittle fault plane. The ductile shear zone contains mylonitic rocks, protomylonites, and mylonites. Finite strain measurements of feldspar porphyroclasts from those rocks using the Rf/φ method show that the strain intensities increase from mylonitic rocks (Es=0.66–0.72) to protomylonites (Es=0.66–0.83), and to mylonites (Es=0.71–1.2). The strain type is close to flatten strain. Kinematic vorticity estimated by Polar Mohr diagrams suggest that foliations and lineation of mylonite (0.47相似文献